• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine self-esteem and toothbrushing behavior in college students. The research was conducted from August 26 to September 16. 1999. Totally 1003 students consisted of whom 875 in college and 128 in university were surveyed. Questionnaires including period. frequency. method. and time of toothbrushing and self-esteem were obtained. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics. t-test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and ANOVA. A significant level of statistical difference was 5 percent. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The average score of self-esteem was $28.358\pm4.928$. 2. The average score of toothbrushing behavior $52.63\pm11.12$. 3. 54.8 percent of the students who were surveyed reported that they brushed their teeth after breakfast and after dinner. 42.9 percent did so twice a day. and 50.2 percent did Rolling method. 4. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient between the self esteem and toothbrushing behavior showed a positive correlation(p=.005), 3. The level of self-esteem was significantly varied with toothbrushing period (p=.000), toothbrushing frequency (p=.020)' and toothbrushing time (p=.003). From the above findings. we found out self-esteem might play a significant role in mediating changes in oral health behavior.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1083-1093
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the oral health behavior of oral prophylaxis clients and some residents in a community to their simplified oral environment index. Methods : The subjects in this study were 520 people who had their teeth cleaned in the oral prophylaxis practice lab in the department of dental hygiene at J health college. A survey was conducted from March 23 to June 3, 2010, by way of the self-reported questionnaire. The data materials are analyzed by general characteristics frequency and ratio, the relationship of oral health behavior and sex, age, scaling experience, simplified oral hygiene index $x^{2}$ test analysis. Results : 1. Concerning links between gender and oral health behavior including daily toothbrushing frequency, the largest group of the respondents brushed their teeth three times a day(p<0.05). As to educational experiences on toothbrushing method and the use of oral hygiene supplies, the women had more educational experiences than the men(p<0.05). 2. Regarding connections between age and oral health behavior involving daily toothbrushing frequency, the largest number of the respondents brushed their teeth three times a day in every age group (p <0.001). As for educational experiences on toothbrushing method, those who were in their 50s and up(64.7%) learned about that, and they had more educational experiences with age(p<0.05). As for scaling experiences, the older respondents had their teeth scaled more often (p<0.001). 3. As to relationship between scaling experiences and oral health behavior, there were differences in toothbrushing frequency according to scaling experiences(p <0.05). Regarding educational experiences on toothbrushing method, those who had their teeth cleaned received more toothbrushing education(p<0.001). Concerning smoking, the nonsmokers had more experiences to get their teeth cleaned (p<0.001). 4. As for links between simplified oral environment index and oral health behavior including a time for toothbrushing, the respondents who did toothbrushing after every meal(80.4%) had good simplified oral environment indexes(p<0.05). 5. In regard to relationship between simplified oral environment index and oral health behavior, oral environment index had a positive correlation to the use of oral hygiene supplies( r=0.129**), toothbrushing time(r=0.116**) and educational experiences on toothbrushing method (r=0.099**). Smoking(r=-0.092**) had a negative correlation to that. Conclusion : The above-mentioned findings illustrate that oral health behavior is one of crucial factors to affect oral health status and oral environment care. Therefore oral prophylaxis practice lab visitors should receive education on the right toothbrushing method and the use of oral hygiene supplies to promote their oral health, and an incremental oral health care system that involves regular scaling should be introduced.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2022

Background: Nowadays, dental health problems in Indonesia are still quite high. It is one of which influenced by low public awareness of the importance of maintaining the health of teeth and mouth that can be measured by toothbrushing behavior. Based on the results of RISKESDAS 2018, only 2.8 percent of the population has a proper toothbrushing behavior. Behavior tends to form at age 6 to 12 years. At this age, children begin to develop habits that tend to settle until adulthood, including toothbrushing behavior. Social cognitive theory is a theory of behavioral change that explains that behavioral changes are influenced by the environment, personal, behavior where these three factors influence each other. This study aims to identify changes in the dental behavior of second grades students before and after the joint toothbrushing at school for 21 days. Methods: A pre-experimental study-design was conducted on elementary school by pre-post treatment method where there are 2 classes that get intervention and 2 other classes as control. A joint toothbrush is performed every morning before the school activities begin. Before and after the joint toothbrushing, all classes are given questionnaires to see if there are any changes in behavior seen through knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Results: Respondent group showed increasement on their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards toothbrushing. In contrast, the control groups showed no significant differences in the 3 factors. Conclusion: In this study the education of toothbrushing through environmental changes is quite effective in elementary school children. Insights into the benefits of this program and refinements of optimally targeted intervention, including longitudinal studies are needed to improve the results.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.71-78
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• 2017

This study, As a result of the SPSS WIN 12.0 analysis, significant results were obtained the relationship between tooth brushing behaviors and oral health status of college students (domestic and overseas). If age was 20-23 years old and women were high the correct toothbrushing behaviors. If domestic students was higher in more than 3times toothbrushing, toothbrushing after lunch, toothbrushing, toothbrush replacement within 3months, toothbrush more than 3, received toothbrushing education. Decayed Teeth index is higher if foreign student, toothbrushing after lunch and receive toothbrushing education is 'no', consider selecting toothpaste. Filled Teeth index is higher if the 20-23 years old, female, domestic students, more than 3times toothbrushing, toothbrushing after lunch and receive toothbrushing education is 'no'. Missing Teeth index is the lowest if 20-23 years, toothbrush replacement within 3months. Results were analyzed by multiple regression Y(Decayed Teeth index)=4.541-1.074((Female)+2.359(foreign students). Therefore, this should be made systematic training on proper toothbrushing behavior to improve the oral health of university students.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.27-40
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was conducted at a request for cooperation through an analysis of the effect of toothbrushing facilities at a public health center in Seongdong-gu. Also, with the aim of furnishing basic data to the proposal of a program for improving the ability of school aged children in managing oral cavities and developing a correct toothbrushing habit, the study conducted an investigation of how toothbrushing facilities affect change in the oral environment management ability and behavior of oral health care. Methods: From among elementary schools located in Seongdong-gu, Seoul the study selected A Elementary School where toothbrushing facilities were established and have been operated since 2008, B Elementary School in an adjacent region within the jurisdiction of Seongdong-gu where the demographic environment was similar among schools where toothbrushing facilities were newly established in 2012, and C Elementary School without toothbrushing facilities. Then the study was aimed at first grade students of the schools and an investigation was carried out from April to December 2012. Through a dental checkup, the study evaluated the teeth and periodontal health conditions, and a test of the oral environment management ability was undertaken three times. Regarding change of oral health care behavior, the study carried out a self-recording survey. Results: 1. Concerning decayed and filled tooth(dft) and decayed and filled surface (dfs), A Elementary School where toothbrushing facilities have been established and operated from the past showed a relatively lower decayed, missing, and filled teeth index than B Elementary School where toothbrushing facilities were established in 2012 or C Elementary School without toothbrushing facilities; however, there was no significant difference (p>0.05). For CPI, there was no significant difference by school; however, in looking into the difference between boy students and girl students, Code (0) was discovered higher in boy students whereas Code (1) was shown higher in girl students. 2. In the PHP index test in accordance with the existence of toothbrushing facilities before the installation of toothbrushing facilities, for A Elementary School where toothbrushing facilities have been established and operated from the past, the school recorded 4.28 points whereas B Elementary School where the facilities were established in 2012 recorded 3.51 points. Meanwhile C Elementary School without the facilities posted 4.30 points. Therefore there was a statistically significant difference according to the existence of toothbrushing facilities (p<0.05). 3. In a comparison of teeth health care behavior according to the existence of toothbrushing facilities, the number of answers that the respondent did not brush their teeth after lunch over the past one week was higher in B Elementary School and C Elementary School where there were no toothbrushing facilities. Regarding the average number of brushing after lunch for one week, it was discovered higher in A Elementary School (p<0.01). 4. In change of teeth health care behavior before and after the establishment of toothbrushing facilities, the case of answering that the respondents did not brush their teeth after lunch for one week increased more after establishment than before establishment. Also the average number of teeth brushings after lunch for one week decreased further after the establishment of toothbrushing facilities; however, it did not show a significant difference (p>0.05). One of the reasons that they do not brush their teeth, "the lack of a place", decreased significantly after establishment than before establishment (p<0.05), whereas the answer, "because their friends do not brush their tooth" increased greatly after establishment than before establishment; however, there was no significant difference (p>0.05). 5. In the comparison of the degree of knowledge about dental health according to the existence of toothbrushing facilities, the degree of knowledge about dental health was shown significantly higher in A Elementary School with toothbrushing facilities than in B Elementary School and C Elementary School where there were no toothbrushing facilities (p<0.01). Conclusions: Given the above results, it is difficult to attract change in behavior only with an environmental improvement; therefore, it is deemed necessary to develop an educational program that will help children to make a habit of oral health care not only through a school but also through a related policy and financial support of government organizations as well as the construction of the basis of a systematic and consistent cooperative system with relevant organizations.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.554-562
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• 2014

This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing toothbrushing behaviors of elementary school students by adding the variable of 'self-efficacy' to the behavioral model based on the theory of planned behavior. To collect the data for an analysis, the self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 443 students in 4th to 6th grades of elementary school placed in Inchon Metropolitan City. The statistical package of PASW 18.0 was employed for the analysis. Results of the analysis revealed that the toothbrushing intention was explained by the subjective norm (${\beta}=0.343$), the self-efficacy (${\beta}=0.171$), the perceived behavioral control (${\beta}=0.163$), and the attitude toward the tooth-brushing behavior (${\beta}=0.135$). The toothbrushing behavior was explained by the toothbrushing intention (${\beta}=0.355$) and the self-efficacy (${\beta}=0.113$). The synthesis of such results suggested that both parents and teachers in school who would be influential to students should guide elementary school students to be habituated to the right toothbrushing. Also it was estimated that the students should understand the importance of toothbrushing through proper oral health education, and they should also become confident in spontaneous toothbrushing by providing them with an environment that could help them practicing the toothbrushing easily.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.403-410
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aims to provide the basic data for the maintenance and management of healthy implants through finding out the educational experience of toothbrushing and the oral hygiene management for the implant patients and to determine the maintenance measure. Methods : From April 1 to october 1, 2012, 250 patients in the dental clinic in Daejeon completed the self-reported questionnaire. Results : As for the educational experience of toothbrushing, 66.4 percent received the training for toothbrushing and 33.6 percent had not received the training for toothbrushing. Those who brushed three times a day accounted for 74.1 percent. Those who received the training for toothbrushing comprised 56.0 percent and took regular check up of every 6 months. Approximately 50.0% received regular scaling service every 6 months. Periodical medical check up comprised 55.6% among those who received toothbrushing education. Approximately 63.9% thought that periodical medical check up is the most important to maintain oral health. Conclusions : There were important factors for oral health. They were tooth-brushing, the utilization of various oral hygienic products, and the awareness of importance of oral hygiene management. The customized education program for the general public should be implemented as regular as possible.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.171-177
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between toothbrushing and hand washing according to health education experience in middle school students. Methods: The subjects were 480 students of four middle schools in Y region. This is a cross sectional study and the study instrument was adapted from the knowledge, attitude and practice of hand washing and toothbrushing in elementary school students by Jung. Cronbach's alpha was 0.87 in the study. The questionnaire consisted of 5 questions of the general characteristics of the subjects, 5 questions of hand washing knowledge, 3 questions of hand washing behavior, 3 questions of health education experience. Toothbrushing questionnaire consisted of 10 questions of knowledge, 5 questions of behavior, 5 questions of health education experience, and 5 questions of dental health care facilities within schools. Data were analyzed by PASW 20.0 program. Results: Toothbrushing more than three times a day accounted for 76.8%. Those who receiving health education in elementary school accounted for 41.5% and those who had not accounted for 58.5%. Health education experience(75.8%) led to toothbrushing after meal(p<0.05). Those who receiving health education in elementary schools had 1.76 times of toothbrushing after meal than those who had not(p<0.01). Conclusions: Middle school students receiving health education had a tendency to do toothbrushing and hand washing frequently.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.451-459
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• 2015

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate oral health behavior, PHP index and OHIP, awareness, attitude and behavior toward oral health in the foreign factory workers. Thsi study will provide the basic data for the improvement of the foreigners' quality of life. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 126 Sri Lankans and 76 Chinese over 20 years old in Daegu and Gyeongbuk from January to April, 2012 through man to man interview after receiving informed consent. The questionnaire included oral health status, PHP index and OHIP. Results: OHIP was closely related to sex, marital status, and medical expense burden. PHP index was closely related to religion and income. The averages of OHP and PHP were 4.36 and 3.7, respectively and very bad. OHIP was influenced by number of toothbrushing, time of toothbrushing, use of oral hygiene device, and dental visit within a year. PHP index was influenced by the area of toothbrushing, time of toothbrushing, and the dental visit within a year. Regression analysis of PHP index according to OHIP and oral care conditions showed the equation. Y(OHIP)=2.999+0.103(area of toothbrushing)+0.346(the use of oral hygiene article)+ 0.077(visiting to the dentist during the past one year)-0.173(PHP index)(p<0.05). Conclusions: Low PHP index in the foreign workers affected quality of life. So the company must provide the continuing oral health care for the foreign workers every year. The concern for the health care for the foreigners will improve oral health behavior in the future.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1129-1139
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the toothbrushing practice behavior of preschool children by observing children's actual toothbrushing behavior and further to offer basic data available for being reflected in direction and goal establishment of the systematic and organized oral health education in consideration of individual characteristic. Methods : It targeted 225 preschool children from May 6, 2010 to June 8, and analyzed by having the survey results of totally 208 people, except 17 who are noncooperative with the observation survey. As for the collected materials, it carried out frequency analysis and $x^2$-test in order to grasp subjects' general characteristics and toothbrushing practice behaviors and to examine correlation, by using SPSS 12.0 for window. Results : 1. A grasp of toothbrush was indicated 47.1% for "proper" and 52.9% for "improper." The position of holding a toothbrush was indicated to be the highest with 59.6% for "the center in grip." 2. Toothpaste amount was indicated to be 49.0% for" tip in toothbrush, "followed by 38.9% for "half in toothbrush" and 12% for "every side of toothbrush" in order. Significant difference was shown according to age($x^2$=19.125. p<.05). 3. Average toothbrushing time per once was surveyed to be $106{\pm}56$ seconds. 4. As for a toothbrushing method by region, the labial and the baccal surface were indicated to be horizontal scrub with 63% and fones method 11.5%. Significant difference was shown according to gender($x^2$=10.275. p<.05). The anterior lingual surface wasn't washed with 72.6%. Significant difference was shown according to appearance of education($x^2$=6.056. p<.05). 5. A case of requiring exchange because of being widened toothbrush was indicated to be 59.2%. The toothbrush replacement in the highest ratio was needed in kindergarten teachers. Conclusions : The actual toothbrushing practice attitude of preschool children was surveyed to be not right as a whole such as toothbrushing time, toothbrushing method, toothpaste amount, and replacement of toothbrush. Accordingly, the oral health education will need to be performed in order for a change into positive attitude and for improvement in practice level. In addition, it is considered to be likely necessary for development in substantial oral health educational program available for enhancing knowledge level of oral health care in mothers and kindergarten teachers.