• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-43
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• 2003

In Korea, changes in children's diet patterns accelerate their physical growth and development: frequent snacking has been presumed to be a major cause of increasing dental caries. The present study attempts to clarify the relationship between the physical development of growing children and their tooth decay. For this purpose, 632 six-grade children in 4 elementary school located in Urban(Seoul) and Rural(Po-gok, Yang-In) were classified into three groups based on the Weight Length Index(WLI), known to reflect the nutritional conditions of school-age children, and the relationship was analyzed between each group and the variables considered to be related with dental caries. The result is as follows: The average weight and height of the male is $44.88{\pm}10.89$ kg, $148.49{\pm}7.33$ cm and female is $43.35{\pm}9.60$ kg, $149.23{\pm}6.73$ cm, respectively, which are in the similar level with the Korean Physical Standard. The classification of the children by the WLI reveals a relatively high distribution of over-weighted child ren - 212 persons, 335% of the entire population. The DMFT Index was a little high in the rural area(3.15 teeth in urban and 3.31, in rural). Among the groups of children classified by the WLI, the over-weight group have the highest DMFT index(3.69 teeth). The relationship between the frequency of taking in basic nutrients and the DMFT index is also found: the relationship is not evident in case of the foods containing rich calcium, protein, as well as fruits and vegetables. But, in the protein-rich food, higher frequency of its intake means significantly lower DMFT index in the normal-weight group of the urban children. In case of carbohydrate, higher frequency of its intake means significantly higher DMFT index in all the groups of the rural children. The DMFT index has some correlations with the relevant variables: the index has a positive correlation with the frequency of snacking, and a negative correlation with the economic status. That is, the higher the frequency of snacking is, and the lower the economic status is, the higher the DMFT index may be. In the logistic multiple regression analysis conducted with the presence of DMFT as a dependent variable, only the frequency of tooth brushing is turned to be a variable affecting the presence of either decayed, missing, or filled teeth. Based on the above result, the variables affecting the DMFT index are a time spent on eating, frequency of intake of protein and carbohydrate for a week, frequency of snacking, regular dental check-ups, preventive behaviors for oral health(fluoride gargling, tooth brusing after each meal, proper tooth brushing method). These variables have a relationship with the DMFT index, but the degree is somewhat different between the groups classified either by the region or by the WLI. Therefore, appropriate nutrition management should be conducted according to the individual's nutritional conditions when the services like nutritional education are provided based on the closely-examined characteristics of each target group. And, at the same time, oral health education should be strengthened, and its importance should also be emphasized so that people can pay attention to their own oral health.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2021

Background: We aimed to investigate the effect of Citrous limon extract (CLE) on oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) generation and the tooth bleaching effect of CLE as a substitute for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and determine the feasibility and application of CLE as a safe and effective natural tooth bleaching agent. Methods: The protective effect of CLE on H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in Raw264.7 macrophages was investigated by the MTT assay. The inhibitory effect of CLE on the generation of H₂O₂-induced NO was confirmed by the NO assay, and the changes in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression were confirmed by western blotting. Stained bovine teeth were treated with/without 15% and/or 35% CLE and H₂O₂, 15% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) for 3 hours, and were irradiated with/without bleaching light (BL) for 15 minutes. The color change of the treated bovine tooth surface was measured using a colorimeter. Results: The viability of Raw264.7 cells treated with each concentration of CLE and 500 μM H₂O₂ significantly increased as CLE increased, and NO generation and iNOS protein expression were significantly reduced in cells treated with 300 ㎍ CLE+/500 μM H₂O₂+ and 300 ㎍ CLE+/500 μM H₂O₂+/150 ㎍ NaHCO₃+. The bleaching effect of 35% CLE+ was higher than that of 15% CLE+ and 15% NaHCO₃+, and the effect was similar to that of 15% H₂O₂+. The 35% CLE+/15% NaHCO₃+ showed the greatest bleaching effect and was higher than that of the groups irradiated with the BL. The greatest bleaching effect was observed with 35% CLE+/15% NaHCO₃+, followed by 35% H₂O₂+/BL+. Conclusion: CLE inhibited oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity and NO generation in Raw264.7 cells and, could replace H₂O₂, which causes side effects and risks in teeth breaching treatment. It showed greatest teeth bleaching effect when combined with NaHCO₃. CLE is an effective and safe natural tooth bleaching substitute.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.501-521
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influences of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) on the healing of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone after replantation of tooth, and to examine the possibility of its clinical application. 45 Sprague Dawley rats weighted about 100 gram were divided into 3 experimental groups by different dose of BMP. All the upper right and left 1st molar were extracted after 5 days feeding of 0.4% ${\beta}$-aminopropionitrile, and right molar were used as experimental group and left molar were used as control group. The root surface of experimental molar were treated with 25,50 and l00ng/ml of human recombinant Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (rh-BMP-4) with micropipet, and 1M Sodium hypochloride were used on control root surface. All the experimental animals were sacrificed as 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after autoreplantation of upper 1st molar into their own position. The maxilla were disected included both side of 1st molar. The collected tissue were processed from demineralization to paraffin embeding as usual procedure, and the specimens were prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for the light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. There was no significant differences between control and experimental site on 1 and 2 days after replantation of tooth. In the case of 4th days, the evidence of tissue regeneration were observed on experimental site to compare the controls. New osteoid were revealed on high concentration of BMP at 7 days after replantation, and it became more obvious at 14 days, 2. The effect of the rh-BMP-4 coated on root surface was revealed slight influences for the prolifertion of cells of periodontium and tissue regeneration as dose-dependent pattern. 3. Bony ankylosis was observed between alveolar bone and root surface due to the remarkable amount of osteoid formation on the 14 days after replantation of root. In the conclusion, it was suggested that topical application of the rhBMP-4 on the root surface has influence on the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The application method of BMP on the root should be designed with calculation of proper concentration.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.32.1-32.13
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• 2019

Calcium hydroxide (CH) is the gold-standard intracanal dressing for teeth subjected to traumatic avulsion. A common complication after the replantation of avulsed teeth is root resorption (RR). The current review was conducted to compare the effect of CH with that of other intracanal medications and filling materials on inflammatory RR and replacement RR (ankylosis) in replanted teeth. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched through June 2018 using specific keywords related to the title of the present article. The materials that were compared to CH were in 2 categories: 1) mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and endodontic sealers as permanent filling materials for single-visit treatment, and 2) Ledermix, bisphosphonates, acetazolamide, indomethacin, gallium nitrate, and enamel matrix-derived protein (Emdogain) as intracanal medicaments for multiple-visit management of avulsed teeth prior to the final obturation. MTA can be used as a single-visit root filling material; however, there are limited data on its efficacy due to a lack of clinical trials. Ledermix and acetazolamide were comparable to CH in reducing RR. Emdogain seems to be an interesting material, but the data supporting its use as an intracanal medication remain very limited. The conclusions drawn in this study were limited by the insufficiency of clinical trials.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.130-133
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• 2021

X-linked Charcot Marie Tooth disease type 1 (CMTX1) is a clinically heterogenous X-linked hereditary neuropathy caused by mutation of the gene encoding gap junction beta 1 protein (GJB1). Typical clinical manifestations of CMTX1 are progressive weakness or sensory disturbance due to peripheral neuropathy. However, there have been some CMTX1 cases with accompanying central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. We report the case of a genetically confirmed CMTX1 patient who presented recurrent transient CNS symptoms without any symptom or sign of peripheral nervous system involvement.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2021

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease that affects the destruction of the bone supporting the tooth and connective tissues surrounding it. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) induce overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) involved in periodontal disease's inflammatory destruction. Osteoclasts take part in physiological bone remodeling, but they are also involved in bone destruction in many kinds of bone diseases, including osteoporosis and periodontal disease. This study examined the effect of baicalin on proteolytic enzymes' production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in PDLFs and RAW 264.7 cells under the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions. Baicalin inhibited the expression of the protein, MMP-1 and MMP-2, without affecting PDLFs' cell viability, suggesting its possibility because of the inhibition of phosphorylation activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase's p38, and the signal transduction process of nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-related protein. Also, baicalin reduced the expression of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in RAW 264.7 cells. This reduction is thought to be due to the inhibition of the signal transduction process of NFκB-related proteins affected by inhibiting p65RelA phosphorylation. Also, baicalin inhibited the secretion of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that baicalin inhibits connective tissue destruction in periodontal disease. The inhibition of periodontal tissue destruction may be a therapeutic strategy for treating inflammatory periodontal-diseased patients.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2009

Extracellular matrix(ECM) is known to function as a reservoir of endogenous growth factors, can be an effective delivery system of growth factor that easily lost bioactivity in solution. Fibrillar collagens like type I collagen, are the major constituent of the ECM and structural protein of bone. Also, it can be a scaffold for osteoblast migration. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of absorbable Atelo-collagen Sponge($Teruplug^{(R)}$) insertion in tooth extraction sites on periodontal healing of the mandibular second molar after the extraction of the impacted third molar. The study population comprised 31 cases who had been scheduled for surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. All patients were in good general health and were not using any medication that would influence wound healing after surgery. In 15 cases control group, none was inserted into the tooth extraction site. In 16 cases experimental groups, $Teruplug^{(R)}$ was inserted into the tooth extraction site. We evaluated tooth mobility, pocket depth, gingival margin level preoperatively and 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 3 months postoperatively. The change was compared with two groups using Mann-Whitney test. The results were as follows. 1. There was no significant change of tooth mobility on both groups. 2. There was tendency of decreasing of previous pocket depth causing tooth extraction on both groups. 3. On gingival margin level, there was various change according to initial swelling and loss of attachment on both groups. 4. There was tendency of decreasing of gingival margin level on both groups because of removal of inflammation and decreasing of previous pocket depth. 5. There was large change of pocket depth on buccal middle, distal, lingual distal area because of tooth extraction and bone reduction. Compared with the control group and experimental group, we observed significant difference during some periods. The results of this study suggest that absorbable atelo-collagen sponge($Teruplug^{(R)}$) is relatively favorable bone void filler with prevention of tissue collapse, food packing and enhance periodontal healing.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.291-301
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to compare the properties of odontoblast gene of early passage cells and late passage cells derived from impacted maxillary supernumerary teeth. Impacted supernumerary teeth with maxilla were extracted from 12 patients (8 males, 4 females) between 6 - 9 years old without medical history. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to compare characterization of odontoblast cell in the 3rd and 10th passage, and between with bone inducing additive group and without additive group. Genes for odontoblasts characteristics are osteonectin (ONT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). The level of gene expression was in a decreasing order of ONT, ALP, OCN, DMP-1 and DSPP in the 3rd passage, and in decreasing order of ONT, DMP-1, OCN, ALP, and DSPP in the 10th passage in the undifferentiation and differentiation group. The order of ONT, DMP-1, and OCN did not changed. ALP and DMP-1 were switched in order. ALP and DMP-1 may be used as important markers for differentiating between the 3rd passage and 10th passage cells. Considering that supernumerary tooth was extracted young age and the time required to cultured 10th passage was short, supernumerary tooth can be considered a useful donor site of dental pulp stem cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.123-125
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• 2008

Enamel layer consists of carbonated hydroxyapatite of 85%, water of 12% and protein of 3% and lipid and tentin consists of carbonated hydroxyapatite of 47%, water of 20% and protein of 33% and lipid so if heat is increased in teeth and then teeth color is discolor. In case high temperature is applied in teeth, teeth color changed quality is measured about change of time for minimize teeth change of color. Spectroscopic light intensity special quality by change of time rise at specification temperature.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.303-312
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between periodontal disease, number of remaining teeth with high-sensitivity C-Reactive protein in Korean adults aged 40 and older. Methods: The study used the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-3), 2015. The study sample consisted of 3,883 aged 40 years or older who had completed the health survey and the health examination. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the odds ratios of high-sensitivity C-Reactive protein by periodontal disease and number of remaining teeth, adjusting for demographic characteristics, chronic diseases and oral health behavior-related variables. Results: When the demographic and chronic diseases were adjusted, the risk of high-sensitivity C-Reactive protein (hs-CRP) average 1.23 mg/L or higher was 1.36 times higher in patients with periodontal disease between the ages of 40 and 49, but it was not significant (OR=1.36; 95% CI=0.82-2.23). In addition, in the group of 0~23 remaining teeth aged 40~49 years, the risk of higher than the average 1.23 mg/L of high-sensitivity C-Reactive protein was 2.03 times higher (OR=2.03; 95% CI=1.10-3.74), and 1.49 times higher in 60~69 years (OR=1.07; 95% CI=1.04-2.76). Conclusions: This study found that periodontal disease and tooth loss in Korean adults aged 40 and older was significantly associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.