• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.956-959
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• 2004

Recently the monitoring system of tool setting in high speed precision machining center is required for manufacturing products that have highly complex and small shape, high precision and high function. It is very important to reduce time to setup tool in order to improve the machining precision and the productivity and to protect the breakage of cutting tool as the shape of product is smaller and more complex. Generally, the combination of errors that geometrical clamping error of fixing tool at the spindle of machining tool and the asynchronized error of driving mechanism causes that the run-out of tool reaches to 3$^{\sim}$20 times of the thickness of cutting chip. And also the run-out is occurred by the misalignment between axis of tool shank and axis of spindle and spindle bearing in high speed rotation. Generally, high speed machining is considered when the rotating speed is more than 8,000 rpm. At that time, the life time of tool is reduced to about 50% and the roughness of machining surface is worse as the run-out is increased to 10 micron. The life time of tool could be increased by making monitoring of tool-setup easy, quick and precise in high speed machining tool. This means the consumption of tool is much more reduced. And also it reduces the manufacturing cost and increases the productivity by reducing the tool-setup time of operator. In this study, in order to establish the concept of tool-setup monitoring the measuring method of the geometrical error of tool system is studied when the spindle is stopped. And also the measuring method of run-out, dynamic error of tool system, is studied when the spindle is rotated in 8,000${\sim}$60,000 rpm. The dynamic phenomena of tool-setup are analyzed by implementing the monitoring system of rotating tool system and the non-contact measuring system of micro displacement in high speed.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.957-964
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• 2006

As the requirement of LCD products which are large screen and have high brightness increases, the role of light guide panel (LGP) of which micro-features diffuse the light uniformly on surface is getting important. In general, there are many errors in machining like machine tool errors process error, setup error and etc. The amount of setup error in general machining is not so big in comparison with the others, so it is mostly neglected. But, especially in v-groove micromachining, setup error has a significant effect on micro-features. Low quality product and high cost are resulted from setup error. In v-groove micromachining, to confirm the effect of setup error, it is identified and then setup error synthesis model is derived from analysis of tool and workpiece setup. In addition, to predict the micro-features affected by setup error and enhance the production efficiency, the setup condition satisfying the tolerance of micro-features is geometrically analyzed and presented.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1066-1069
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• 2004

Recently the monitoring system of tool setup in high speed precision machining tool is required for manufacturing products that have highly complex and small shape, high precision and high function. It is very important to reduce time to setup tool in order to improve the machining precision and productivity and to protect the breakage of cutting tool as the shape of product is smaller and more complex. Generally, the combination of errors that geometrical clamping error of fixing tool at the spindle of machining center and the asynchronized error of driving mechanism causes that the run-out of tool reaches to 3∼20 times of the thickness of cutting chip. And also the run-out is occurred by the misalignment between axis of tool shank and axis of spindle and spindle bearing in high speed rotation. Generally, high speed machining is considered when the rotating speed is more than 8,000 rpm. At that time, the life time of tool is reduced to about 50％ and the roughness of machining surface is worse as the run-out is increased to 10 micron. The life time of tool could be increased by making monitoring of tool-setting easy, quick and precise in high speed machining center. This means the consumption of tool is much more reduced. And also it reduces the manufacturing cost and increases the productivity by reducing the tool-setup time of operator. In this study, in order to establish the concept of tool-setting monitoring the measuring method of the geometrical error of tool system is studied when the spindle is stopped. And also the measuring method of run-out, dynamic error of tool system, is studied when the spindle is rotated in 8,000 ∼ 60,000 rpm. The dynamic phenomena of tool-setup is analyzed by implementing the monitoring system of rotating tool system and the noncontact measuring system of micro displacement in high speed.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1997

This paper presents rough cut tool path planning for the fewer-axis machine consisting of a three-axis CNC machine and a rotary indexing table. In the problem dealt with in this paper, the tool orientation is "intermediately" changed, distinguished from the conventional problem where the tool orientation is assumed to be fixed. The developed rough cut path planning algorithm tries to minimize the number of tool orientation (setup) changes together with tool changes and the machining time for the rough cut by the four procedures: a) decomposition of the machining area based on the possibility of tool interference (via convex hull operation), b) determination of the optimal tool size and orientation (via network graph theory and branch-and bound algorithm), c) generation of tool path for the tool and orientation (based on zig-zag pattern), and d) feedrate adjustment to maintain the cutting force at an operation level (based on average cutting force). The developed algorithms are validated via computer simulations, and can be also used in pure fiveaxis machining environment without modification.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1992년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 19-21 Oct. 1992
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• pp.1078-1083
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• 1992

Extracting the process planning information from the CAD data is the key issue in integrated CAD/CAM system. In this paper, we develop algorithms for extracting the shape and setup configuration for NC machining of prismatic parts. In determining the workpart shape, the minimum-enclosing condept is applied so that the material waste is minimized. To minimize the number of setups, feature based algorithm is developed considrint the part shape, tool shape, and tool approach direction. The validity and effectiveness of the developed algorithms were tested by computer simulations.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2003

목적 : 네트워크를 이용해 영상수집을 하여 방사선치료를 수행하는데 요구되는 기계중심점과 종양중심점의 일치여부 및 환자자세의 재현성을 확인하는 기능 등을 수행할 수 있는 환자자세검증도구를 개발하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 전산화단층촬영 영상으로부터 재구성한 디지털화재구성사진(digitally reconstructed radiography, DRR) 영상과 투과 영상인 모의치료영상, 상용전자포탈 영상장치에서 수집한 포탈영상 밑 CCD 카메라로부터 획득한 디지털영상 등을 네트워크를 통해 수집하였고, 이를 조작할 수 있는 분석용 프로그램을 프로그램 제작툴인 IDL(IDL 5.4, Research systems, USA)을 이용해 작성하였다. 이를 환자자세 검증도구(patients setup verification tool for RT, PSVTS)라 명명하였다. 기계중심점과 종양중심점의 일치여부 확인은 전산화단층촬영영상으로부터 재구성한 DRR 영상과 모의치료영상을 이용하여 위치변위를 분석함으로써 치료조준오차를 구하였다. 환자자세의 재현성 확인은 첫 치료 시에 얻은 포탈 영상과 매 치료 시마다 얻는 포탈영상을 비교, 분석하는 방법과 디지털영상을 이용하는 방법을 사용하였다. 결과 : 방사선치료 시 요구되는 기계 중심점과 종양중심점의 일치여부 및 환자자세의 재현성을 확인할 수 있는 사용자편의방식의 소프트웨어와 환자자세검증도구를 개발하였다. 종양중심점과 기계중심점의 일치여부 확인 결과 치료조준오차는 두경부에서 전후, 좌우 각각 0.8$\pm$0.2 mm, 1.0$\pm$0.3 mm이었고, 골반부에서 1.1$\pm$0.5 mm, 1.0$\pm$0.6mm이었다. 환자자세 재현성은 영상을 실시간으로 획득하여 환자 자세 위치 변화를 시각적으로 평가할 수 있어실용성 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결론 : 환자자세의 재현성 및 종양중심점과 기계중심점의 일치여부를 파악할 수 있는 환자자세검증도구를 개발하였고, DRR 영상의 질 증진, 사용자편의방식의 소프트웨어를 보완한다면 임상응용에 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.82-95
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• 1992

There is the high interest for sensing of tool wear with the aim of controlling machine tools productivity from the point of view of qualitity. Difficulties in this measurement are also known. This study is on the development of measurement setup for crater wear by CCD image inturning. In this study, the crater wear measurement system consists of the He-Ne gas laser, diffraction grating. CCD camera, noise filter, slit, microcomputer, diverging lens, converging lens and so on. He-Ne laser beam passes through a diverging lens and a diffraction grating is positioned properly. A converging lens focuses so that the interference fringes can be obtained on the crater wear. Performance test revealed that the developed image technique provides precise, absolute tool-wear quantification and reduces human measurement errors. The results obtained are as follows 1. The digitizing of one image requires less than 2ses. 2. It can give detailed information on crater wear with limited times and errors 3. All parameters required by specification are easily obtained for several points of the cutting edge.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.382-390
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• 2008

Five-axis machining has been applied to manufacture of turbine blades, impellers, marine propellers. Nowadays it extends to mold & die machining, where more productivity as well as added value is expected. The five-axis machining can be divided into positional and continuous, according to the variableness of tool orientation during material removal process. The positional five-axis machining is commonly applied to the regional machining on a whole part surface in mold manufacturing industry, where the tool orientation for each region (area) should be determined to be feasible, that is, avoiding any interference such as machine tool collision, etc. Therefore it is required for a CAM programmer to decide a feasible tool orientation in generating tool-paths on a designated area, because it is a very tedious job to obtain such information by utilizing a commercial CAM system. The developed system generates feasibility data on tool orientation and machining region, which facilitates the CAM programmer's decision on a feasible tool orientation.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.90-101
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• 1998

This paper presents a scheduling method that uses Petri net modeling and heuristic search to handle the tool setup. In manufacturing systems, a tool is attached to a particular machine to process a particular operation. The activity to attach a tool to a particular machine and detach the tool from the machine requires time. The processing time of operations varies according to the attached tool and the machine used. The method proposed in this paper uses Petri net to model these characteristics and applies a search algorithm to the reachability graph of the Petri net model to generate an optimal or near-optimal schedule. New heuristic functions are developed for efficient search. The experimental results that show the effectiveness of the proposed method are presented.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.172-176
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• 2009

In this paper, new aspherical surface polishing mechanism is suggested to polish aspherical glass lens mold by both airbag polishing tool and reverse-rotational eccentric motion. Up to now, conventional aspherical lens polishing method by the small tool polishing uses the aspherical surface profile and the trajectory of the polishing tool is also controlled. However, full contact concept by airbag polishing tool and no position control make the easy polishing setup and does not need aspherical design profile. An aspherical lens polishing machine was made for this study and a tool mark removal experiment fur the fine-grounded lens mold was successfully performed.