• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-35
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• 2000

This study confirms and describes the meaning of the true experience on sexual perception of female college students as it is. Thus this study, revealing the structure of the meaning, tried to use phenomenal study tool as qualitative research design in order to seek nursing intervention for them. The method of data collection of this study was achieved February, 2000$\sim$August, 2000 through systematic interview, participation and observation from a focus group. The number of each focus group was 3 to 4, and the study analyzed with Giorgi method after selecting total 3 groups with 10 to saturate data, considering of the closeness among group members. The results are as follow; 1) Feeling psychological uneasy : feeling special mood, mysterious thing, tense thing, curious thing, concealing thing 2) Being to someone : receiving unilaterally, giving ahead, attracting attention, being to, being selected unilaterally 3) Feeling like to do together : relying, contacting, being together 4) Accepting another one's self : understanding the partner, taking responsibility for each other, enduring, trusting each other 5) Trying to be best to the partner : physically being pure, mentally being pure, being only one person to the partner, being open to each other, feeling free 6) Harmonizing conditions with conditions : considering appearance, one's family, economic support and so on 7) Making a love without premise of marriage : making a difference between marriage and love 8) Being a difference between men and women : being a different position, being shameful (because of not having a boyfriend), indecent thing 9) Being for a new life : conceiving a new life 10) Being able to have body touch : being able to kiss, being able to sleep together, being able to touch body 11) Being able to make homosexual love : being able to do homosexual love From the above results, right sexual education should deliver the value of sex which exists for life. So we need to develop the Korean-typed sexual education, according to the social and cultural background and reasonable demand level of education subjects. Furthermore we should give systematically connected education through the development of sexual education program by a developmental stage on the sex with broad and dynamic features, revealing different shapes each period of life. Since the members' value by culture is very different, reasonable and healthy sexual education cannot be done through a education program from foreign cultures. Consequently, the development of the study and program on sexual perception of Korean female college students suitable for the Korean cultural situation will be done.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.691-703
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• 2003

In this paper, a new and integrated approach easily used to calculate the pollutant loads from agricultural watersheds is suggested. Basic concepts of this empirical tool are based on the hypotheses that variations in event mean concentrations(EMCs) of the pollutants from a given agricultural watershed during rainstorms are only due to the rainfall pattern. This assumption would be feasible to agricultural watersheds whose land uses does not change during the cultivation period overlapped by rainy season and also in which point-sources of the pollutants are rare. Therefore, if EMC data sets through extensive sampling from various rural areas are available, it is possible to establish relationships between EMCs, shapes and land uses of the watersheds, and rainfall events. For this purpose, fifty one sets of EMC values were obtained from nine different watersheds, and those data were used to develop predictive tools for the EMCs of 55, COD, TN and TP in rainfall runoff. The results of the statistical tests for those formulas show that they are not only fairly good in predicting actual EMC values of some parameters, but also useful in terms of calculating pollutant loads on any time-spans such as the day of rainfall event or weekly, monthly, and yearly. Their applicability was briefly demonstrated and discussed. Also, the unit loads calculated from EMCs based on different land uses and real rainfall data over one of the watershed used for this study. were provided, and they are compared with other well-known unit loads.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.185-199
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• 1998

Going back to long chinese medical history, there were many different methods of treatment according to the origin of local chinese areas, such as Bian-Shi(?石) from east, herbal therapy from west, acupuncturing from south, moxibustion from north, and mainpulating therapy from middle china. In the midst of these therapies, acupuncture needling had developed very much both in theories, shapes, usages and also in theraputic boundray. Historical books dealing with acupuncture had introduced and used Jiu-Zhen as a tool for acupuncture needling in common. But there are some differences between each texts about in shape, use, and there are also another different point of view about the interrelationship between Bian-Shi and Ji-Zhen. So the author, in this research, tried to look for how Jiu-Zhen had took on its real kinds, adaptive usages, theraputic boundaries, many different skills of needing. By researching over ${\ulcorner}$ Ling-Shu, Jiu-Zhen(靈樞,九鍼)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$ Ling-Shu, Jiu-Zhen-Shi- Yi-Yuan(靈樞,九鍼十二原)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$ Ling-Shu, Guan-Zhen(靈樞,官鍼)${\lrcorner}$, and by compar- ing them with the contents of Jiu-Zhen in ${\ulcorner}$ Zhen-Jiu-Yi-Jing(鍼灸甲乙經)${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner}$Zhen-Jiu-Da-Cheng (鍼灸大成)${\lrcorner}$, the author discovered small conclusions such as following. 1. Taking Jiu-Zhen in a narrow sense, it only repesents nine different needle used in different cases. But in large sense, this means nine different deedling methods using each different needles which is represented in the form of Wu-Ci ( 五剌 ), Shi-Yi-Ci ( 十二剌 ) in ${\ulcorner}$ Ling-Shu, Guan-Zhen ${\lrcorner}$ 2. Jin-Zhen has been first originated from stone age as a substitute for Bian-Shi and through bronze and iron age, it followed a process of it's own shape and applicating functions. As an example, the moxibustional therapies shown in ${\ulcorner}$ Zu-Bi-Shi-Yi-Mai- Jiu-Jing ( 足臂十一脈灸經 )${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner}$ Yin-Yang-Shi-Yi-Mai-Jiu-Jing ( 陰陽十一脈灸經)${\lrcorner}$ in ahead of ${\ulcorner}$ Nei-Jing ( 內經 )${\lrcorner}$ era, was relationship in acupuncturing skills and shape. So Jiu-Zhen had been originated on the base of Bian-Shi in ancient times to develop into delicate shape, skill, and theraputic foundation of modern oriental medicine.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.267-281
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• 2021

The shift in the perspective on learning as participation draws attention to learners' identity work. This manuscript foregrounds the ongoing and fluid processes of identity, and focuses on the structure surrounding learners where identity work occurs and the expression of individual agency. From the perspective of learning as participation, we introduce Holland et al. (1998) identity-in-practice theory, as the theoretical lens that dialectically describes structure, agency and identity. The concepts representing this theory are 'figured world', 'positionality' and 'authoring self'. The figured world is a web of meaning encompassing the continuous construct/reconstruct through human actions and also exerts as the social force that shapes human actions. 'Positionality' on the other hand, means an understanding of one's social position in the world. The notion of 'authoring self', is a dimension that synthesizes the above two concepts, which describes the improvisation of one's self through the orchestration and collaboration of various social voices. Next, we analyzed and described various cases of this theory that we found within the scope of science education. However, due to the nature of this theory, which takes a sociocultural approach, international research studies cannot be simply applied to the Korean context. Therefore, we sought to expand the applicability of this theory as a methodological tool, by discussing the directions in which this theory can be used in a domestic context. It is intended that the introduction of this theory, which emphasizes multi-layered, continuous and cumulative identity work, will be used as a resource to further expand the horizon of science education reform that is required for the times.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.19-32
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• 2021

It is well known that any maintenance works for aircrafts must be carried out strictly in accordance with the specified maintenance manuals, especially for military airplanes. According to our previous studies, the largest portion of the maintenance jobs for military aircrafts is found to be related to the assembly/disassembly of various parts, which requires precise understanding of the work procedures as well as correlation between interconnected parts let alone grasping of the exact shapes of parts involved. However, the conventional manuals for aircraft maintenance have failed to provide enough information required for the efficient maintenance except for simple texts and vague pictures, which are far from being sufficient sets of information. On the contrary, unlike incomplete conventional manuals with poor contents, 3D modeling SW could provide us with not only powerful visualization tool even to see through inside any assembly but also freedom to watch parts under test from any angle we want. In addition, the maintenance personnels could learn the precise maintenance procedures through repeatedly watching 3D animated version of the maintenance work as if they were on the field. In this study, we have suggested the efficient procedures to develop 3D manual for aircraft maintenance using 3D modeling SW, Solidworks and implemented a 3D maintenance manual for Integrated Drive Generator(IDG) in Boeing 747. Characteristics of the developed 3D manual has been analyzed in comparison with the conventional ones as well. It is shown that the suggested method could be easily applied to develop a 3D maintenance manual for commercial airplanes since the maintenance works involving assembly/disassembly of major parts are very similar regardless of aircraft types.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.445-454
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• 2022

Ice accretion on the aircraft components, such as wings, fuselage, and empennage, can occur when the aircraft encounters a cloud zone with high humidity and low temperature. The prevention of ice accretion is important because it causes a decrease in the aerodynamic performance and flight stability, thus leading to fatal safety problems. In this study, a shape design optimization of a multi-element airfoil is performed to minimize the amount of ice accretion on the high-lift device including leading-edge slat, main element, and trailing-edge flap. The design optimization framework proposed in this paper consists of four major parts: air flow, droplet impingement and ice accretion simulations and gradient-free optimization algorithm. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation is used to predict the aerodynamic performance and flow field around the multi-element airfoil at the angle of attack 8°. Droplet impingement and ice accretion simulations are conducted using the multi-physics computational analysis tool. The objective function is to minimize the total mass of ice accretion and the design variables are the deflection angle, gap, and overhang of the flap and slat. Kriging surrogate model is used to construct the response surface, providing rapid approximations of time-consuming function evaluation, and genetic algorithm is employed to find the optimal solution. As a result of optimization, the total mass of ice accretion on the optimized multielement airfoil is reduced by about 8% compared to the baseline configuration.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.519-528
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• 2023

The visual characteristics of the World Cup emblem play an important role in conveying culture and identity, highlighting the key elements of the Games, and strengthening the brand image. This study first investigated the visual elements and theoretical background of the emblem through previous studies. Second, the selection of symbolism, shape, and color was the subject of the study. Third, based on the shape-related theory based on the '100 National Cultural Symbols', the analysis was performed using the 'IRI Color Matching Image Scale' as a tool, and a final conclusion was drawn. The World Cup emblem uses a lot of ethnic and living symbols, and the living and ethnic symbols are expressed in a combination. In the beginning, there were many symmetric shapes, but after that it changed to an asymmetric shape. The curved expression form is more used than the straight expression form. And most of the color arrangement image scale distribution shows light, dynamic and modern color arrangement characteristics. In the future, the World Cup emblem design will continue to use national and living symbols. The shape of the emblem should use curves and asymmetric designs, be intuitive, and directly reflect the theme of the competition. In addition, the national flag color should be used as the main color, and other colors should be used as secondary colors. The combination of colors must match the light, dynamic and modern color characteristics of the IRI color scheme image scale.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.338-348
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• 2024

Airbrushes are being utilized in various industries due to their practicality and ability to express a wide range of designs. Especially in the field of body painting, they have become an essential tool for artists. Airbrushes enable precise color application, shaping, and gradient expression, thereby reducing work time, which has led to their increasing use in the field of body painting. This study aims to present the latest design trends in airbrush body painting by analyzing the design composition, color planning, blending, and expression techniques, focusing on award-winning works in the airbrush-exclusive category of internationally recognized World Bodypainting Festivals. The results are as follows. Firstly, in terms of design composition, emphasis and balance principles are primarily used. The main image is emphasized at the center of the upper body, while a balanced composition with left-right symmetry is observed in the lower body. Secondly, color planning and blending primarily utilize contrasting colors to enhance visibility. Thirdly, all major award-winning works utilize stencil and gradient techniques to accurately depict shapes and add dimension. Based on these analyses, body painting designs were planned and executed using airbrushes. Through such artwork production, the artistic utilization of airbrush body painting is aimed to be popularized, contributing to domestic research in the field of airbrush body painting.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 2023

Today, in order to improve fuel efficiency and dynamic behavior of automobiles, an era of light weight and simplification of automobile parts is being formed. In order to simplify and design and manufacture the shape of the product, various components are integrated. For example, in order to commercialize three products into one product, product processing is occurring to a very narrow area. In the case of existing parts, precision die casting or casting production is used for processing convenience, and the multi-piece method requires a lot of processes and reduces the precision and strength of the parts. It is very advantageous to manufacture integrally to simplify the processing air and secure the strength of the parts, but if a deep and narrow pocket part needs to be processed, it cannot be processed with the equipment's own spindle. To solve a problem, research on cutting processing is being actively conducted, and multi-axis composite processing technology not only solves this problem. It has many advantages, such as being able to cut into composite shapes that have been difficult to flexibly cut through various processes with one machine tool so far. However, the reality is that expensive equipment increases manufacturing costs and lacks engineers who can operate the machine. In the five-axis cutting processing machine, when producing products with deep and narrow sections, the cycle time increases in product production due to the indirectness of tools, and many problems occur in processing. Therefore, dedicated machine tools and multi-axis composite machines should be used. Alternatively, an angle spindle may be used as a special tool capable of multi-axis composite machining of five or more axes in a three-axis machining center. Various and continuous studies are needed in areas such as processing vibration absorption, low heat generation and operational stability, excellent dimensional stability, and strength securing by using the angle spindle.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.53-77
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• 2012

This study analyses the difference of contents and tones of arguments among three Korean major newspapers, the Kyunghyang Shinmoon, the HanKyoreh, and the Dong-A Ilbo. It is commonly accepted that newspapers in Korea explicitly deliver their own tone of arguments when they talk about some sensitive issues and topics. It could be controversial if readers of newspapers read the news without being aware of the type of tones of arguments because the contents and the tones of arguments can affect readers easily. Thus it is very desirable to have a new tool that can inform the readers of what tone of argument a newspaper has. This study presents the results of clustering and classification techniques as part of text mining analysis. We focus on six main subjects such as Culture, Politics, International, Editorial-opinion, Eco-business and National issues in newspapers, and attempt to identify differences and similarities among the newspapers. The basic unit of text mining analysis is a paragraph of news articles. This study uses a keyword-network analysis tool and visualizes relationships among keywords to make it easier to see the differences. Newspaper articles were gathered from KINDS, the Korean integrated news database system. KINDS preserves news articles of the Kyunghyang Shinmun, the HanKyoreh and the Dong-A Ilbo and these are open to the public. This study used these three Korean major newspapers from KINDS. About 3,030 articles from 2008 to 2012 were used. International, national issues and politics sections were gathered with some specific issues. The International section was collected with the keyword of 'Nuclear weapon of North Korea.' The National issues section was collected with the keyword of '4-major-river.' The Politics section was collected with the keyword of 'Tonghap-Jinbo Dang.' All of the articles from April 2012 to May 2012 of Eco-business, Culture and Editorial-opinion sections were also collected. All of the collected data were handled and edited into paragraphs. We got rid of stop-words using the Lucene Korean Module. We calculated keyword co-occurrence counts from the paired co-occurrence list of keywords in a paragraph. We made a co-occurrence matrix from the list. Once the co-occurrence matrix was built, we used the Cosine coefficient matrix as input for PFNet(Pathfinder Network). In order to analyze these three newspapers and find out the significant keywords in each paper, we analyzed the list of 10 highest frequency keywords and keyword-networks of 20 highest ranking frequency keywords to closely examine the relationships and show the detailed network map among keywords. We used NodeXL software to visualize the PFNet. After drawing all the networks, we compared the results with the classification results. Classification was firstly handled to identify how the tone of argument of a newspaper is different from others. Then, to analyze tones of arguments, all the paragraphs were divided into two types of tones, Positive tone and Negative tone. To identify and classify all of the tones of paragraphs and articles we had collected, supervised learning technique was used. The Na$\ddot{i}$ve Bayesian classifier algorithm provided in the MALLET package was used to classify all the paragraphs in articles. After classification, Precision, Recall and F-value were used to evaluate the results of classification. Based on the results of this study, three subjects such as Culture, Eco-business and Politics showed some differences in contents and tones of arguments among these three newspapers. In addition, for the National issues, tones of arguments on 4-major-rivers project were different from each other. It seems three newspapers have their own specific tone of argument in those sections. And keyword-networks showed different shapes with each other in the same period in the same section. It means that frequently appeared keywords in articles are different and their contents are comprised with different keywords. And the Positive-Negative classification showed the possibility of classifying newspapers' tones of arguments compared to others. These results indicate that the approach in this study is promising to be extended as a new tool to identify the different tones of arguments of newspapers.