• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2009

The potential of. nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain Avr5, either alone or in combination with chitosan and Bion, for inducing defense reaction in tomato plants inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp lycopersici, was studied in vitro and glasshouse conditions. Application Bion at concentration of 5, 50, 100 and $500{\mu}g$/ml, and the highest concentration of chitosan reduced in vitro growth of the pathogen. Nonpathogenic F. oxysporum Avr5 reduced the disease severity of Fusarium wilt of tomato in split plants, significantly. Bion and chitosan applied on tomato seedlings at concentration $100{\mu}g$ a.i./plant; 15, 10 and 5 days before inoculation of pathogen. All treatments significantly reduced disease severity of Fusarium wilt of tomato relative to the infected control. The biggest disease reduction and increasing tomato growth belong to combination of nonpathogenic Fusarium and Bion. Growth rate of shoot and root markedly inhibited in tomato plants in response to tomato Fusarium wilt as compared with healthy control. These results suggest that reduction in disease incidence and promotion in growth parameters in tomato plants inoculated with nonpathogenic Fusarium and sprayed with elicitors could be related to the synergistic and cooperative effect between them, which lead to the induction and regulation of disease resistance. Combination of elicitors and non-pathogenic Fusarium synergistically inhibit the growth of pathogen and provide the first experimental support to the hypothesis that such synergy can contribute to enhanced fungal resistance in tomato. This chemical could provide a new approach for suppression of tomato Fusarium wilt, but its practical use needs further investigation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.94-98
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• 1973

1. 품종은 노지에서 재배한 복수2호를 사용하였으며 1971년과 1972년 2회에 걸쳐 Tomato 과실의 성숙시기별 호흡량변황 및 저장중 성분변화에 대하여 조사하였다. 2. 환경압력조절에 의한 Tomato 과실의 호흡억제효과는 SAP 구중 660 Torr. 구가 가장 효과적이었다. 3. 성장중 성숙시기별로 채취한 Tomato의 호흡량 변화는 각채취시기별로 차이가 있었으며 Tomato의 일대에 있어서 시기별 숙기에 이른 과실을 경과일수에 따라 호흡량을 조사하면 전체적으로 호흡량의 증감이 sigmoid 형으로 나타났으며 하나의 climacteric pattern을 나타내 주고 있다. 4. 성장중 성숙시기별로 채취한 Tomato 과실의 환경압력변화에 의한 영향은 어느시기에서나 NAP구보다 SAP구의 호흡량이 적었으며 전 기간중 동일한 경향으로 호흡억제 효과가 있었다. 5. 저장중 Tomato 과실의 중량변화는 NAP 구가 SAP 구보다 현저하며 산, 당 및 Vitamine-C의 변화에 있어서는 SAP구가 NAP구 보다 감소율이 적었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2005

The induction of growth promotion on numerous crops by rhizobacteria is a well documented phenomenon. In case of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), fruit yield is higher in replant soil than that in fresh soil. To investigate what kind of rhizobacterium is involved, microbial community in rhizosphere and on rhizoplane of tomato plants from each soil was analyzed by dilution plating on selective media. Many Gram-negative bacteria and actinomycetes were isolated from tomato in replant soil. One Gram-negative rhizobacterium isolated was identified as Pseudomonas putida based on its biochemical characteristics, fatty acid methyl ester analysis and 16S rDNA sequence. This bacterium designated strain 17 inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas corrugata, and increased growth of tomato seedlings. In addition, its culture filtrate inhibited conidial germination of plant-pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, and Nectria radicicola. Scanning electron microscopy revealed strain 17 colonized and persisted on the epidermal surfaces of tomato radicles and roots. These results suggest that P. putida strain 17 may serve as a biological control agent to suppress multiple soil-borne diseases for tomato plants. Increased microbial populations that suppress deleterious microorganisms including pathogens could be one of the major factors in increased tomato yield in replant soil.

• 식물병연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the plant growth-promoting and biocontrol potential of a grass culture with Paenibacillus ehimensis KWN8 on tomato. For this experiment, treatments of a chemical fertilizer (F), a bacterial grass culture (G), a 1/3 volume of G plus 2/3 F (GF), and F plus a synthetic fungicide (FSf) were applied to tomato leaves and roots. The result showed that the severity of Alternaria solani and Botrytis cinerea symptoms were significantly reduced after the application of the bacterial grass culture (G and GF) and FSf. In addition, root mortality in G and GF was lower compared to F. Tomato plants treated with G or GF had better vegetative growth and yield compared to F. Application of G affected the fungal and bacterial populations in the soil. In conclusion, treatment with a bacterial grass culture decreased disease severity and increased tomato growth parameters. However, there were no statistically significant correlations between disease occurrence and tomato yields. This experiment presents the possibility to manage diseases of tomato in an environmentally friendly manner and to also increase the yield of tomato by using a grass culture broth containing P. ehimensis KWN38.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.125-140
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of compost mixed with microorganism compost fermented for the production of high quality plug seedlings of tomato and red pepper. The results are summarized as follows. As a result of compost analysis, EC value was increased with increment of microorganism compost supplemented but lowered gradually in the late period of seedlings growth, pH value of microorganism compost fermented was 9.3 which is strong alkalinity. In the plot of 30 percent of microorganism compost fermented early growth of tomato seedlings was better in terms of plant height, leaf area and total dry weight. However, early growth of red pepper seedlings was shown in the plot of supplemented with 20 percent of microorganism compost fermented. The higher the mixing rate over 60 percent of micrroganism compost fermented to the soil used retarded the seedlings growth regardless of tomato and red pepper.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.151-160
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• 1997

Azospirillum sp., photosynthetic bacteria(Rhodopseudomonas sp.) and Pseudomonas sp. were separated and screened from soil and soilless culture, and identificated. The antifungal activities against root-infected pathogens and plant growth promoting effects of the cultured solution of the starins(5.0$\times$105 cells/$m\ell$) in the peatmoss compost on the early growth of cucumber and tomato seedling were investigated. Azospirillum sp. and Pseudomonas sp. showed a antifungal activities against Fusarium sp., Pythium sp. and Rhizoctonia sp in thed ranges of 51.0% to 72.0% on potato dextrose agar medium, however photosynthetic bacteria had not antifungal activities. When cultured solution of Azospirillum sp., photosynthetic bacterial and Pseudomonas sp. were bacterialized by mixing with peatmoss compost, early growth of cucumber and tomato in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, root length, fresh anf dry weight of leaf, stem and root were promoted, especially photosynthetic bacteria had a the best plant growth promting activities.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2019

The antimicrobial activity of acetone, hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts from leaves, stems, immature green fruits, and red fruits of tomato plants was examined against six phytopathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the acetonic extracts from these four plant parts was lower than that of the other solvents. Among the acetonic extracts, tomato leaves had a lower MIC than the other tomato parts. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves was therefore selected as a source of antimicrobial substances. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Glomerella cingulata, and Rhizoctonia solani. Mycelial growth of R. solani treated with acetone extract from leaves showed more susceptibility than the other phytopathogens. Using 0.31 mg/ml of the acetonic extract from leaves, mycelial growth of R. solani on days 1, 2, and 3 decreased by 50.0, 52.1, and 64.0%, respectively, compared with acetone solvent treatment. The antimicrobial compounds effective against R. solani were identified as linolenic acid and caffeic acid by bioautography and GC-MS. These two compounds were used to treat six phytopathogens to confirm their antimicrobial activities. Linolenic acid inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani, while caffeic acid showed only slight antimicrobial activity. Results indicated that we propose extracts from tomato leaves which included antimicrobial compounds may provide a new lead in the pursuit of new biological sources of agrochemical candidates.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.8673-8678
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• 2015

본 논문은 토마토 생육 진단 시스템 개발에 관한 것이다. 토마토 생육 진단을 위하여 우선 생육에 영향을 미치는 주요 지표를 정의하였고, 이 지표를 이용하여 토마토 생육 상태에 대한 진단과 이에 따른 조치 정보를 제공한다. 생육에 대한 지표는 지속적인 관찰을 통하여 생육 상태를 확인하는 측정 지표(Measure Index; MI)와 현재 토마토가 영영생장 단계인지 또는 생식생장 단계인지를 판단하는 단계 지표(Period Index; PI)로 구성되었다. 본 시스템의 관찰일지는 MI와 PI에 대한 기록 정보를 입력하는 기능을 제공하고 있다. MI인 경우, 진단은 관찰일지에 기록된 데이터와 미리 정의된 해당 지표에 대한 정상 기준(표준) 값을 비교한 결과이다. PI인 경우 미리 정의된 영양 생장 지표와 생식 생장 지표에 체크를 하여 어느 부분에 치우쳤는지 판단하도록 만들어졌다. 진단 결과 정의된 조치를 수행하는 기능을 서비스한다. 본 시스템은 타 작물로 서비스 확장을 고려하여 구현되었다. 본 시스템을 이용하면 농가에게 정확한 생육 진단과 그에 따른 조치 정보를 제공할 수 있기 때문에 농가의 생산성 향상에 기여할 것을 기대하고 있다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2018

Certain beneficial microorganisms isolated from rhizosphere soil promote plant growth and induce resistance to a wide variety of plant pathogens. We obtained 49 fungal isolates from the rhizosphere soil of paprika plants, and selected 18 of these isolates that did not inhibit tomato seed germination for further investigation. Based on a seed germination assay, we selected four isolates for further plant tests. Treatment of seeds with isolate JF27 promoted plant growth in pot tests, and suppressed bacterial speck disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pathovar (pv.) tomato DC3000. Furthermore, expression of the pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) gene was higher in the leaves of tomato plants grown from seeds treated with JF27; expression remained at a consistently higher level than in the control plants for 12 h after pathogen infection. The phylogenetic analysis of a partial internal transcribed spacer sequence and the b-tubulin gene identified isolate JF27 as Aspergillus terreus. Taken together, these results suggest that A. terreus JF27 has potential as a growth promoter and could be used to control bacterial speck disease by inducing resistance in tomato plants.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 1994

Multiplications and pathogenic reactions of different pepper and tomato strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria were evaluated in the most upper leaves of pepper and tomato plants at different growth stages. Hypersensitive reactions were induced in mature pepper plants by inoculation with only the tomato strains but not with the pepper strains, suggesting the expression of age-related resistance in pepper plants. The age-related resistance also seems to be correlated with an apparent inability of the bacteria to multiply as extensively in mature as in young plants. No significant differences among the Korean and U. S. pepper cultivars tested were found in bacterial multiplication, irrespective of bacterial stain or plant growth stage. Korean tomato cultivars tested also were highly susceptible to either tomato or pepper strains during the development of tomato plants.