• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제17권11호
• /
• pp.1125-1131
• /
• 2011

This paper presents a control theoretic approach to realizing fault tolerance in asynchronous sequential circuits. The considered asynchronous circuit is assumed to work in space environment and is subject to faults caused by total ionizing dose (TID) effects. In our setting, TID effects cause permanent changes in state transition characteristics of the asynchronous circuit. Under a certain condition of reachability redundancy, it is possible to design a corrective controller so that the closed-loop system can maintain the normal behavior despite occurrences of TID faults. As a case study, the proposed control scheme is applied to an asynchronous arbiter implemented in FPGA.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.762-770
• /
• 2015

Fault tolerance is a crucial design for a mission-critical computer such as engagement control computer that has to maintain its operation for long mission time. In recent years, software fault-tolerant design is becoming important in terms of cost-effectiveness and high-efficiency. In this paper, we propose MPCMCC which is a model-based software component to implement fault tolerance in mission-critical computers. MPCMCC is a fault tolerance design that synchronizes shared data between two computers by using the one-way message-passing scheme which is easy to use and more stable than the shared memory scheme. In addition, MPCMCC can be easily reused for future work by employing the model based development methodology. We verified the functions of the software component and analyzed its performance in the simulation environment by using two mission-critical computers. The results show that MPCMCC is a suitable software component for fault tolerance in mission-critical computers.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제15권7호
• /
• pp.753-759
• /
• 2009

As many systems depend on electronics in an intelligent vehicle, concern for fault tolerance is growing rapidly. For example, a car with its braking controlled by electronics and no mechanical linkage from brake pedal to calipers of front tires(brake-by-wire system) should be fault tolerant because a failure can come without any warning and its effect is devastating. In general, fault tolerance is usually designed by placing redundant components that duplicate the functions of the original module. In this way a fault can be isolated, and safe operation is guaranteed by replacing the faulty module with its redundant and normal module within a predefined interval. In order to make in-vehicle network fault tolerant, this paper presents the concept and design methodology of an IEEE 1451 based dual CAN module. In addition, feasibility of the dual CAN network was evaluated by implementing the dual CAN module.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2014

The central seam, the vertical 'line' between doors, in the front view of a refrigerator must have its gap and flush within certain ranges to meet functional and aesthetic requirements. The conventional criteria for gap and flush control in the industry are to keep the gap and flush within certain ranges at each of various points along the seam. For aesthetics, however, the uniformity of the gap is also as important because a 'tapered' seam is negatively perceived by human eyes. This paper shows a case study of tolerance design for a refrigerator door system. It presents a step-by-step procedure, which consists of datum flow chain analysis, identification of assembly features, computer modeling of feature tolerances, assembly operations and measurements, tolerance simulation, and tolerance adjustments based on the simulation results. It is found that extra care may need to be used to satisfy the aesthetical criterion for gap uniformity.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.152-152
• /
• 2017

Plants exposed to environmental stress for long durations often can adapt to stress conditions with improved tolerance. Moreover this acquired tolerance to stress can be retained even after reverting to destressed growth conditions, which is known to stress memory. In these adaptation and stress memory processes, epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications play a key role. Here, we showed that regenerated rice plants from embryogenic callus exposed to gradually increasing NaCl concentrations (up to 120 mM NaCl) acquired salt tolerance and their enhanced tolerance are inherited to subsequent generations. The rice plants (R0) regenerated from rice callus under saline conditions were transplanted into normal paddy field and R1 seeds were harvested. These R1 seeds displayed higher germination rate on MS medium containing 100mM NaCl than wild-type. The callus derived from R1 seeds showed better growth than control callus on high salinity medium. And the salt-adapted R1 plants exhibited higher chlorophyll contents and also higher $K^+/Na^+$ ratio than wild-type rice under saline conditions. The results indicated that rice plants successfully adapted to saline growth conditions during regeneration on high salt medium and moreover this acquired tolerance to salt stress was inherited subsequent generation.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.399-406
• /
• 2013

Our aim was to determine the effects of a citrus by-product (CBP) and CBP fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (LP-CBP), provided as dietary supplements, on the growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity and temperature tolerance of red seabream. A diet without inclusion of CBP or LP-CBP was used as a control and four other experimental diets were formulated to replace wheat flour by 4% and 8% of either CBP or LP-CBP (designated as Con, LP-CBP4%, LP-CBP8%, CBP4% and CBP8%, respectively). Experimental diets were fed to triplicate groups of 25 fish (initial body weight, 55.0 g) for 9 weeks. Growth performance and feed utilization were not significantly different among all the groups. Bone collagen content was significantly increased by supplementation with CBP and LP-CBP. Vitamin C concentration tended to be higher in livers of fish fed the supplements than in the control group. Myeloperoxidase, lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activities were higher in fish fed CBP or LP-CBP than in fish fed the control diet. When fish were exposed to low water temperature, cumulative mortalities of those fed CBP or LP-CBP supplemented diets were lower (29%, 33%, 34% and 33% mortalities for LP-CBP4%, LP-CBP8%, CBP4% and CBP8%, respectively) than in the control group (58%). Therefore, inclusion of either CBP or LP-CBP at up to 8% in red seabream diet brings benefits through enhanced innate immunity and better tolerance of low water temperature.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 1975

뇌 해마가 전기충격에 의한 내력(tolerance)에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여, 두정 후두 경계 부위의 대뇌피질을 양측성으로 둥글게 떼어내고, 이를 거쳐 해마를 평균 97%가량 떼어버린 흰쥐(해마군) 14마리와 해마를 덮는 대뇌피질 부분만을 떼어버린 흰쥐(대뇌피질 대조군) 17마리 및 두개골을 노출하는데 그치고 뇌에 손상을 주지 않은 흰쥐(정상 대조군) 17마리를 사용하여 다음과 같은 실험을 실시하였다. 24시간 동안 먹이 없이 물만으로 지나게 한 다음 구금판에 세 무리를 구금하고 24시간 동안 매회 1.5초 동안씩 계속되는 4mA의 교류전류에 의한 충격을 1분 간격으로 반복하여 폐사하는 동물의 수효를 세어 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전기충격을 가하는 동안 폐사한 동물의 수효에서 해마군의 값은 두 대조군의 값에 비하여 유의하게 적었으나, 두 대조군 사이에는 이렇다 할 차가 없었다. 2. 전기충격으로 인하여 폐사한 예에서 전기충격의 시작부터 폐사할 때까지의 시간은 해마군의 값이 두 대조군의 값에 비하여 연장된 경향을 보여 주었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 뇌 해마는 전기충격에 대한 내력(耐力)에 억제적 영향을 끼친다고 추리된다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2011

The checkpointing scheme is a well-known technique to cope with transient faults in digital systems. This paper proposes an adaptive checkpointing scheme for the reliability improvement of real-time control systems with concurrent fault detection capability. With concurrent fault detection capability the effect of transient faults are assumed to be detected with no latency. The proposed adaptive checkpointing scheme is based on the reliability analysis of an equidistant checkpointing scheme. Numerical data show the proposed adaptive scheme outperforms the equidistant scheme from a reliability point of view.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.598-603
• /
• 2009

The checkpointing scheme is a well-known technique to cope with transient faults in digital systems. This paper proposes an adaptive checkpointing scheme for the reliability improvement of real-time control systems. The proposed adaptive checkpointing scheme is based on the previous work about the reliability problem of an equidistant checkpointing scheme. For the derivation of the adaptive scheme, some conditions are introduced which are to be satisfied for the reliability improvement by exploiting an equidistant checkpointing scheme. Numerical data show the proposed adaptive scheme outperforms the equidistant scheme from a reliability point of view.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.211-218
• /
• 1998

A variable flow-controlled boom sprayer was developed and evaluated. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the adoptability of the sprayerr with optimal conditions. Negative response time was obtained from the field test because pump and PTO were interlocked with the speed of sprayer. Another reason for the negative value was due to the definition of the response time. With constant on-time control, the system was unstable at the conditions of small tolerance and long control interval. The performances of the spray system were stable and accurate. The stable and synchronous responses were achieved with a variable on-time control. The flow control system with an optimal condition (1.0 sec of control interval, 2 of damping ratio, 1% of tolerance) provided the proper performance for uniform spraying. A standard operating procedure of the flow compensating boom sprayer for the ground speed variation was presented and recommended.