• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16호
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• pp.16-21
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• 1998

This study aims at developing the interior design method of Public Toilet in office building. There needs new concepts in Public Toilet where we felt dirty smelling and dismal in the past. And the behavior in the Public Toilet become various such as combing the hair making-up changing the clothes rinsing out mouth and so on. Nowadays The Public Toilet of office building shows indirectly the hierarchy and the management philosophy of its enterprise, This study treats with the design items such as unit space zoning plan lighting plan and air-conditioning plan and construction method of Public-Toilet in office building. As a result of this study the interior design methods of Public Toilet must reflect use of fitting material lighting plan user's needs and functional divide.(Powder Zone and Physiology Zone) These result will become basic data of future interior design in Public Toilet.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.425-437
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• 2016

Objective:The objective of this study is to develop an ergonomic toilet system along with constituent facilities that can be used with the front-entry sitting method when transferring from wheelchair to the toilet stool, instead of using the back-entry sitting method which is currently used. This system can offer more ease, convenience and safety for wheelchair users when using the restroom. Background: For users with disabilities, even a dedicated handicapped toilet requires maneuvering, especially when in a wheelchair. To transfer from wheelchair to the current back-entry sitting toilet, users need to get closer to the toilet and then turn or twist after erecting their body to get onto the toilet. This method induces inconvenience as well as secondary injury by falling when transferring to/from toilet. Method: To design a front-entry sitting toilet system, an ergonomics approach was applied which introduces a new design concept for people using wheelchairs. Using this toilet system, the wheelchair users don't need to turn or twist but can simply slide forward off the wheelchair directly onto the toilet stool in an easier and safer way. Results: The newly developed front-entry sitting toilet system is easier and safer for wheelchair users, and also space efficient requiring only two-thirds of the space of existing handicapped toilet. It is also usable by both individuals with disabilities and the general population. Conclusion: With the spread of the front-entry sitting toilet system developed in this study, wheelchair users can benefit from enhanced convenience and safety as well as significant restroom space savings. Additional effects can also be achieved such as improved self-esteem of people with disabilities by enabling to use the toilet on their own. Application: The newly developed front-entry sitting toilet system should enhance toilet accessibility to wheelchair users and the elderly. Introduction is needed with efforts at the national policy level and a macroscopic objective to promote the health and safety of the handicapped.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

This thesis analyzed the uniqueness of a toilet plane structure, centering on a case of Beautiful Public Toilet Construction Project under a project by Chungcheongnam-do and drew a conclusion as followings. Most of public toilets, constructed under a project by Chungcheongnam-do, were located in remains, tourist resorts, parks, and the outskirts of traditional markets. They were constructed at the selected location within an easy access of most user and plane structure was also designed so that the persons, in charge of management and maintenance, and the users could use them without difficulty. But some public toilets didn't establish the handicaps' toilet or made them difficult to sue due to location or size. The plane structure style was various such as a rectangular, stream line, or circle in accordance with location or building size. A circle-styled toilet offered a good view but didn't offer a good access or an effective space for users. In addition, when a handicapped person enters a toilet, he or she has to enter or go out of it through a sliding dor. So a constructor has to make progress of a work in accordance with this point.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.211-212
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• 2019

It is possible to realize the concept of long-life housing by utilizing the wall piping infill system. However, when using the wall piping infill system, there is no detailed standard in Korea. Problems may occur in actual use. In this study, we use the results obtained from the performance test method as a basic data. Since the load resistance test of the toilet is not available in Korea, GB 6952 (Sanitary wares) of China is applied. According to the experiment of load resistance of the toilet in this study, the strain recovery ability was good. However, it is not possible to exclude the possibility of permanent deformation of the toilet seat due to long - term repeated loading. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the stiffness enhancement of the wall (steel frame) to the fixing part when installing the toilet in the wall pipe infill system.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.459-464
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• 2024

본 연구는 화장실 변기 사용 과정 중 일어나는 노인 낙상사고를 예방하기 위한 변기 리프팅 시트 설계를 목적으로 한다. 설계에 앞서 화장실 사용과 관련된 규정과 법률 및 국가표준을 통해 보조 기구 설치 가능 공간을 결정하였으며, 고령자의 신체 치수 및 작동 범위를 고려하여 사용자가 외부의 도움 없이 더욱 안전하고 편리하게 사용할 수 있는 최적화된 변기 시트의 최종 위치를 설정하였다. 또한, 효과적인 기립 보조를 수행할 수 있도록 기구 작동 시 시트 상승과 각도 조절이 동시에 구현되게 복합 4절링크 구조를 적용하였으며 Linkage 프로그램과 UG NX를 이용하여 적절한 링크 형상과 치수를 결정하였다. ANSYS Workbench를 이용한 FEA 해석 및 실제 제작을 통해 기구 작동 과정의 링크 안전성 검증 및 리프팅 시트의 정상 작동 여부를 확인하였다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2022

본 논문은 변기 커버 자동 개폐식 기능을 갖춘 물 내림 시스템을 연구하였다. 커버 위에 부착된 적외선 센서의 감지 여부에 따라 작동하게 된다. 열림 기능의 적외선 센서가 감지 되면 변기 커버의 서보모터를 구동시켜 커버를 올리도록 설정하였고, 닫힘 기능의 적외선 센서가 감지되면 커버를 내리도록 설정하였다. 커버 내부에 기울기 센서를 달아서 커버가 내려가는 것에 동작하도록 설정한 뒤 이것이 작동되면 변기 레버와 연결되어 있는 서보모터가 공급 구의 마개를 열어 물을 내려보내는 방식이다. 또한, 물을 내려보내는 과정 중에서 물이 막혔을 때 알리기 위한 비접촉 수위센서와 LED 기능을 이용해 다음 사용자가 양변기를 이용할 때 겪을 수 있는 불펀을 최소화하였고, 변기가 닫혀있는 동안 세균 증식을 막기 위해 UV-LED 기능도 구현하였다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

Recently, Korean people are more interested in leisure time as the Korean economy has enjoyed the economic growth on a continual basis. Along with it, the disabled people's demand for enjoying the beach is growing. To meet the disabled people's demand for enjoy the beaches, it is important to prepare the convenient facilities where the disabled people in the wheel chair can use comfortably, including the handicapped parking area, toilet for the disabled, shower stall room and am bathhouse. On the backdrop of this, the study has been made on the obstacles which keep the disabled people from using the convenient facilities installed on 12 beaches in the southern coat of Korea from the perspective of barrier free design. This study showed that half of the beaches in question did not have the handicapped parking places. The parking space was also so narrow that it was difficult for handicapped people to access the parking lot with their vehicles. There were also 3 beaches which did not have the toilet for the disabled. Even the beaches which have the toilet for the disabled, the size of entrance door and floor space was so narrow and there were a lot of physical obstacles such as no handles for the disabled people that it was really hard for the disabled people in wheelchair to use them.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2015

Although the improvements in the health sanitary facilities of the elementary school were made by the implementation of the 7th curriculum, color design and concept of toilets used by lower classes students were shown to be still insufficient and so, it is also necessary to have color planning for toilets considering users' preferences. This study is targeting lower classes children of elementary schools under Seoul Gangseo Office of Education. The purpose of this study is to propose a toilet color design direction preferred by children as users. Therefore, the toilets of elementary school were investigated and at the same time, juvenile pictures were analyzed. The results of this study are that the color space used in the current design, the following gives a substantial psychological and emotional impact for many elementary school children in the developmental stages of children leads to an interesting use of color. Therefore, this study propose to improve the toilet to a more familiar environment with high accessibility considering the development of the child when using color in design space through color preference.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.195-206
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• 2006

Design for improved usability is to understand products from the user's point of view so eventually to enhance the pleasantness users by reflecting it into the design. The philosophy of user-oriented design is an essence of human-centered product planning, and its application is more important for railway vehicle design, which is closely connected with everyday life. This study focused to define basic elements of train interior design concept, which considers convenience and comfort for passengers, by extracting and interpreting ergonomic requirements, as usability factors, of train toilet design. The study on user-oriented design of trains consists of the practice of sensibility engineering for the management of customers' emotions and its harmonious use on design, and aims on the embodiment of new ergonomic design. In the center, it has analyzed the criteria and characteristics of the user-oriented design and has concluded the design direction and components to a concrete idea and proposed prototypes, which may become a good example for train interior design later on. In addition, it proposes a direction, which may become a guideline of ergonomic design, to secure competition capacity. Moreover this study is concentrated on the physical environment and human behavior of train toilet users, on the analysis of factors necessary for adequate toilet design, and on the understanding of interface between its users. What is more, it proposes a module of development process and methods of approaching the interface. The study presents a design standard, under which the concrete data of the characteristics and practicable range and the convergent demands accelerate to the module could be confirmed and criticized. The study on the usability is going to contribute to more pleasant and comfortable train environments and consequently, it's going to create new values of increased railway competitiveness by design.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide logical basis on enlargement of toilet floor space for the disabled by "ACT ON GUARANTEE OF PROMOTION OF CONVENIENCE OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES, THE AGED, PREGNANT WOMEN. ETC" Revised Enforcement regulation [Asterisk 1] (2018.2.10.) and to help with making plans, designs and establishing policies by conducting experimental study with the enhanced floor area regulations. Methods: We conduct Experimental study, field work and interview for this paper. In experimental study, verification of the effective floor area was proceeded by measuring activity space for people in manual wheelchair, electric wheel chair and electric scooter and also reviewed useable area with the space expanded 0.2m both width and depth. In filed work, conducted an observation what other things (ex. sanitary equipment, hand rail and so on) can also affect the active space as well as effective floor space. In the interview, other problems and requirements that were not revealed were experimental study and observation of field work. Results : it's expected to provide better access to toilets for the disabled with the law revision of effective floor area. But, with the usage increasement of enlarged wheel chair and electric wheel chair, expanding side areas of toilet is also highly likely to be required going forward. Implications : Additional research is required on locations of exists and internal arrangement that effect the usage of toilet. It should be led to Universal design by making additional investigation and verification of the users patterns.