• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2001

In-shoe measurement systems allow the clinician and researcher to examine the pressure parameters within the shoe. The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of plantar pressures using the Parotec system over speeds and plantar regions. Seventeen healthy subjects were recruited for the study. Sampling rate was 100 Hz, and data of six variables (pressure on medial heel, lateral heel, 1st metatarsal head, 5th metatarsal head, and great toe and total impulse) were collected in four different gait speed (1.0 m/sec, 1.5 m/sec, 2.0 m/sec, and comfortable walking speed) in each day. The result indicates fair to excellent reliability between the two day test. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from .693 to .979, and range of reliability was similar depending on the speed and plantar region. In most cases, data recorded by the Parotec systems provide good evidence for the reliability.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2011.07a
• /
• pp.2045-2046
• /
• 2011

뇌졸중으로 인한 편마비 장애인은 뇌손상으로 인해 운동 및 감각 신경 통로의 장애가 있어, 기립 및 보행 시 비정상적인 행태를 보이는 경우가 많다. 과도한 외회전은 보행 시 안전성을 보장 받기 어려워 낙상 등 신체적 위험에 처할 수 있고, 또한 비장애인의 보행과의 시각적 차이로 인하여 환자들의 심리적 위축감을 가중시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 외회전 보행 시 편마비 장애인에게 피드백을 주어 자가 교정이 가능하도록 시스템을 개발하였으며, 이는 외회전 보행을 하는 편마비 장애인의 보행 교정에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to analyse the subtalar joint movement characteristics in human stance phase. The data of subtalar joint movement patterns are collected by CTA(calcaneus to tibia angle) measurements. CTA is defined as a angle formed between the bisect of the posterior shank and bisect of the posterior heel, as determined by placement of the retroreflective markers. The angle measured in degrees. The participants are 74 healthy individuals (37 men and 37 women) who have no orthopedic and neurological impairment, aged from 19 to 29 years(mean 22.95). Prior to participation, each subjecct informed the procedures of experiment from researcher and assistant researcher. The equipments of this study are walking grid, marking tapes, goniometer, video camera, monitor and ink for foot print are used in the study. In order to determine the statistical significance of result, the paired t-test and Pearson correlation were applied at the 0.05 level of significance. The results were as follows : 1. The reliability of measured CTA value are showed a high correlation, ranged from .86 - .94. 2. The mean value of step width are 7.67cm in men and 6cm in women. So, significant difference between men and women in 0.05 level of significance. 3. There was significant difference between man and women's TOA(toe out angle)(p<0.05). 4. The CTA of female's is more higher than male's one, however not statistical difference between man and women(p>0.05). 5. The CTA is reduced according to increasing TOA(p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.471-479
• /
• 2015

This study examined the effects of smart phone use while young adults negotiated an obstacle (2 cm high). Seventy-four young adults (mean age: $23.76{\pm}3.17years$, age range: 20-27 years) participated in the study. They were allocated randomly into two groups; smart phone group and no smart phone group. The smart phone group negotiated an obstacle while simultaneously using a smart phone at a self-paced speed whereas the no smart phone group negotiated an obstacle with no special option. A motion analysis system were used to measure the gait parameters, such as toe clearance, cadence, step length, step width, stride length, and walking velocity in two groups. The toe clearance, and step-width, cadence, and step-length were significantly greater for the smart phone group than the no smart phone group (p<.05) and the walking velocity was significantly lower in the smart phone group (p<.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the stride length between the two groups. This study suggests that smart phone use degrades the obstacle avoidance abilities of healthy young adults, which may increase risk of falls.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.12 no.12
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to convergence comparison the ankle joint angle change during walking of college students in their 20s with flat foot according to the heel height of insole shoes. Qualisys Track Manager Software ver. 2.8 (Qalisys Track Manager) was used for 15 college students. Functional shoes with insoles were manufactured, and the heel heights of the shoes were set to 3cm and 7cm. The subjects wore shoes with two high heels and gaited by attaching a reflex marker to the side of the ankle joint. The angle change of the ankle joint was measured in the gait stance phase. The angle of the ankle joint significantly decreased both heel strike, foot flat, midstance, and toe off to the heel height increased when the subjects with flat feet wore insole shoes. Therefore, it is thought that flat feet should wear low shoes when wearing insoles to reduce the fatigue of the soles and to walk comfortably.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.249-256
• /
• 2015

Objective : The purposes of this study was to perform a kinematical analysis on age and walkway types in elderly women subjects. Method : Forty subjects participated in the experiment (A1 group - age: $67.30{\pm}1.49yrs$, height: $153.81{\pm}4.47cm$, weight: $61.80{\pm}5.24kg$, A2 group - age: $71.70{\pm}1.10yrs$, height: $152.01{\pm}2.84cm$, weight: $59.69{\pm}7.34kg$, A3 group - age: $76.80{\pm}0.98yrs$, height: $150.16{\pm}6.08cm$, weight: $57.27{\pm}6.42kg$, A4 group - age: $81.80{\pm}0.60yrs$, height: $152.18{\pm}4.77cm$, weight: $55.80{\pm}7.78kg$). The study method adopted was the 3D analysis with six cameras. Ground type were classifed as gait pattern on flat, ascent and descent ramp. For the statistical analysis, the SPSS 21.0 was used to perform Repeated measured Two-way ANOVA. Results : In velocity of CM, there was faster movement on flat ground. When it came to the velocity of right toe, there was no significance in early mid-swing of right foot, but A4 was the slowest in late mid-swing of right foot on flat ground. In joint angle in left foot strike, the left hip joint and knee joint were more flexed in descent ramp, In addition left and right ankle joints were more plantarflexed in descent ramp, and left ankle joint was more plantarflexed in the over 75 yrs age groups. Conclusion : The higher age group were more flexed in lower body joints during descent ramp.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the angle of a wedged insole on knee varus torque during walking. Fifteen healthy subjects were recruited. Knee varus torque was measured using three-dimensional motion analysis (Elite). Knee varus torque was normalized to gait cycle (0%: initial contact; 100%: ipsilateral initial contact) and stance phase (0%: initial contact; 100%: ipsilateral toe off). The average peaks of knee varus torque during the stance phase of the gait cycle according to the different insole angles (10 or 15 degrees) were compared using one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results showed that in the early stance phase, the average peak knee varus torque increased significantly for both the medial 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions and decreased significantly for both the lateral 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions as compared with no insole (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences between the 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions with either the medial or lateral wedged insole (p>.05). In the late stance phase, the average peak knee varus torque increased significantly for the medial 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions (p<.05), but not for the lateral 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions as compared with no insole (p>.05). We suggest that these results may be beneficial for manufacturing foot orthotic devices, such as wedged insoles, to control medial and lateral compartment forces in the knee varus-valgus deformity. Further studies of the effects of wedged insole angle on knee varus torque in patients with medial-lateral knee osteoarthritis are needed.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.80-90
• /
• 2013

Recently, functional insoles of wedge-type it is for the young to raise their height inserted between insole and heel cause foot pain and disease. Additionally, these have a problem with stability and excessively load-bearing during gait like high-heel shoes. In this study, we compared the changes in biomechanical characteristics of foot with different insole thickness then we will utilize for the development of the insole with the purpose of relieving the pain and disease. Subjects(male, n = 6) measured COP(center of pressure) and PCP(peak contact pressure) on the treadmill(140cm/s) using F-scan system and different insole thickness(0~50 mm) between sole and plantar surface during gait. Also, we computed changes of stresses at the foot using finite element model with various insole thickness during toe-off phase. COP moved anterior and medial direction and, PCP was increased at medial forefoot surface, $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ metatarsophalangeal, ($9%{\uparrow}$) with thicker insoles and it was show sensitive increment as the insole thickness was increased from 40 mm to 50 mm. Change of the stress at the soft-tissue of plantar surface, $1^{st}$ metatarsal head represents rapid growth($36%{\uparrow}$). Also, lateral moments were increased over the 100% near the $1^{st}$ metatarsal as the insole thickness was increased from 0 mm to 30 mm. And it is show sensitive increment as the insole thickness changed 10 mm to 20 mm. As a result, it was expected that use of excessively thick insoles might cause unwanted foot pain at the forefoot region. Therefore, insole thickness under 30 mm was selected.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.15-30
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was analyzed the effect of kinematical and kinetical factors of lower extremity of form change in the cause of growth an unborn child during in pregnancy. Three pregnant women were selected from pregnant 24 weeks as subjects. Each subjects were required to walk with usual walking speed. Cinematographic and GRF data were collected during walking, and the kinematical and kinetical variables were calculated using Kwon3d. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn : 1. Step width and Step length The change of form during the period of pregnancy was not statistically found significant in the step width and the step length. 2. Angle of lower extremity 1) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was not statistically found significant in the hip angle at right heel contact, mid stance, but it was statistically found significant in the hip angle at toe off on p<.05. 2) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was not statistically found significant in the knee angle at right heel contact, mid stance, but it was statistically found significant in the knee angle at toe off on p<.05. 3) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was not statistically found significant in the ankle angle at right heel contact, mid stance, but it was statistically found significant in the ankle angle at toe off on p<.05. 3. Ground reaction force 1) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was statistically found significant in medial-lateral force(Fx) on p<.001. 2) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was not statistically found significant in post-anterior force(Fy). 3) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was statistically found significant in impulse force and minimum peak of vertical reaction force on p<.001, p<.01 but it was not statistically found significant in second maximum force.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between high heels and body imbalance among female college students in their twenties who mainly wear high heels and prevent associated problems. Methods: The subjects included 89 female college students in their twenties. They were measured in plantar pressure with a gait analyzer. Their legs were measured in length with a tape measure. Their pain intensity and pain frequency were measured in visual analog scale and in pain rating score. Results: There were statistically positive correlations between right leg length and low back pain frequency (p<.05) and negative correlations between the left hindfoot and low back pain frequency (p<.05). There were statistically positive correlations between right leg length and knee pain frequency (p<.05) and positive correlations between the ankle pain intensity and right leg length (p<.05). Conclusion: The stronger the pain was in the ankle, the stronger and more frequent their lumber pain was. When the pressure of the left heel was lower, the frequency of lumbar pain increased.