• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2000

Vascular diseases are significant complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and the endothelial cells may play a pivotal role in the development of vascular disease in DM. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) released from endothelium is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide and circulating level of ET-1 is increased in a variety of disease states. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes of responsiveness to ET-1 in DM, and we experimented on the changes in the ET-1-induced contraction, levels of nitrite and lipid peroxidation, and ET-1 immunoreactivity in aorta from streptozotocin-induced DM rats. DM was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.). The immunoreactive ET-1 levels in endothelial layer of thoracic aorta were much higher in DM rats than control rats. Nitrite in tissue homogenate was decreased and plasma nitrite was increased in DM rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased in DM rats and cGMP was not significantly different between control and DM rats. ET-1 produced concentration- dependent contractile responses that are significantly attenuated in DM rats compared to controls. In the presence of selective $ET_A$ receptor antagonist BQ610, the maximum contraction was decreased and the concentration ratios for BQ610 yielded $pA_2$ values of 7.3 (slope, 0.65) in control rats, whereas BQ610 had no antagonistic effect on ET-1-induced contraction in DM rats. However, pretreatment with BQ788, an $ET_B$ receptor antagonist, maximum response was decreased and the dose-response curves for ET-1 were shifted to the right in both groups and $pA_2$ values were 7.9 and 7.7 (slope, 1.05 in control and DM rats), respectively. IRL 1620 and sarafotoxin S6c, $ET_B$ agonists, induced relaxation in control rats but not in DM rats. These results indicate that endothelial cell dysfunction and enhanced immunoreactivity of ET-1 have been found in DM rat and ET-1-induced contraction was attenuated in DM rat. These attenuated responses might be at least in part caused by the alteration of $ET_A$ receptor properties (e.g. desensitization), and partly related with an alteration in intracellular mechanism for contraction to ET-1.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.137-146
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• 1982

건조에 의한 뱀장어 근육조직의 변화와 지방의 이동에 대하여 조직학적인 면에서 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 신선한 뱀장어는 피하지방이 두터우며 진피층안에도 지방이 존재하였다. 2. 건조에 의한 근육조직의 변화는 초기단계와 말기단계로 나눌 수 있으며, 건조초기는 결체조직의 탈수가 일어나고 건조말기에는 근원섬유의 탈수가 일어난다. 3, 건조에 의한 서방의 움직임은 내부구조의 변화에 따른 근절의 벌어짐과 수축에 의하여 좌우되는 것 같으며, 건조초기보다 건조말기에 심한 것 같다. 4. 동재건조 후에는 세포내외에 수결정에 의한 흔적이 참았으며 복수 후에도 수결정의 흔적이 남았다. 5. 가열후의 조직은, 결체조직은 녹아버린 상태를 나타내고 근섬유는 탈구경화된 상태를 나타내었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1129-1137
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 뇌졸중 환자의 족관절 저측굴근 경직에 대하여 Myotonometer와 surface Electromyography(sEMG)를 이용하여 경직의 정량적 평가에 유용한 지표를 알아보고, 이 지표들과 임상적으로 평가되는 modified Ashworth scale(MAS)과의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 족관절 저측굴근의 경직평가는 물리치료사 5명(임상경력 5년이상)이 MAS를 이용하여 MAS 2, 3, 4 해당 군에 각 5명씩을 무작위로 15명씩 배정하였다. 각 군의 조직탄성과 근활성 측정은 Myotonometer와 sEMG로 이완(relaxed)상태와 최대 수의적 수축(contracted)상태에서 측정하였다. 연구 결과, MAS 등급이 높아짐에 따라 이완과 수축상태 간의 조직저항도 전위차와 근활성도의 차이는 작아졌고, 상관관계 분석에서도 MAS 등급이 높아질수록 이완 시보다 수의적 수축 시 실린더가 받는 낮은 강도에서의 상관성이 더 높아짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 Myotonometer는 경직을 평가하는 방법으로 다양한 인체의 관절에 비교적 쉽게 적용할 수 있으며 경직의 변화를 민감하게 반영할 수 있어 보다 객관적이고 정량적인 경직의 평가 도구로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.644-647
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate myocardial conductivity to understand cardiac involvement in patients with mitochondrial disease. Methods: We performed retrospective study on fifty-seven nonspecific mitochondrial encephalopathy patients with no clinical cardiac manifestations. The patients were diagnosed with mitochondrial respiratory chain complex defects through biochemical enzyme assays of muscle tissue. We performed standard 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) on all patients. Results: ECG abnormalities were observed in 30 patients (52.6%). Prolongation of the QTc interval (>440 ms) was seen in 19 patients (33.3%), widening of the corrected QRS interval in 15 (26.3%), and bundle branch block in four (7.0%). Atrioventricular block, premature atrial contraction and premature ventricular contraction were seen in two patients each (3.5%) and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in one patient (1.8%). Conclusion: Given this finding, we recommend active screening with ECG in patients with mitochondrial disease even in patients without obvious cardiac manifestation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 1992

The present study was undertaken to examine if endogenous nitric oxide is partly responsible for the high calcium induced vasorelaxation in vitro. Isolated porcine coronary arterial rings were suspended in the tissue chamber and their changes in isometric tension were recorded. KCI little affected the vascular tension in the calcium free media, but subsequent addition of cumulative doses of $CaCl_3$ from 1 to 40 mM caused a contraction followed by complete relaxation. The maximum tension was noted at the calcium concentration in the media of 5 mM, and then the tension progressively declined at 10-40 mM. The relaxation was slightly attenuated in the endothelium-denuded preparation. The relaxation was converted into a contraction by the addition of methylene blue. The relaxation response was not affected in the presence of indomethacin, but was significantly attenuated by $N^w-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester pretreatment. These results suggest that the calcium induced vasorelaxation is in part attributable to the release of endogenous nitric oxide.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.427-436
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• 1994

To investigate the effect of yeast glucan on wound healing in rabbits, histopathological findings and wound contraction after topical application of glucan on the open wound were observed. Formalin fixation and embedding of tissues at wound were prepared for histopathological findings at the other day after wounding. Wound size was measured for contraction. Macrophages appeared in the deeper site under the scab at day 1 after wounding in the glucan treated group, but not in the control. A number of macrophages, fibroblasts and a small number of neutrophils were observed at day 3 after wounding In the glucan treated group as compared with the control. Histopathological findings at day 5 after wounding in control were similar with those at day 3 in the glucan treated group. Glucan like granules were scattered in the cytoplasm of macrophages at day 5 in the glucan treated group. A great portion of wound reepithelialized at day 5 in the glucan treated group but a small portion of wound in the control. The Present study indicated that the treatment of 5,000$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of glucan has an effect on wound heal. ins in respect to migration of macrophage into the wound site, granulation tissue formation and epithelialization.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.80-87
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• 1987

To get a better insight into the exxistence and the role of a Na-Ca exchange mechanism in smooth muscle, the effect of Na substitution with sucrose on tension development, cellular Ca uptake and $^{45}Ca$ efflux was investigated using isolated cat ileal longitudinal muscle strips. Experimental results were summarized as follows;1) Exposure of the cat ileal longitudinal muscle to Na-free solution induced a contraction, and the magnitude of the contraction increased after incubation of the muscle strips with ouabain ($2{\times10^{-}5}$M) for 1hr. 2) Cellular Ca uptake in Na-free solution increased with an increase in Na content of the Na-loading media, and a linear relationship existed between tissue Na content and cellular Ca uptake for 10 min 3) After tissues were equilibrated in PSS containing $^{45}Ca$ for 2hr, cellular Ca uptake decreased with rising the external Na concentration. 4)Removal of medium Na or inhibition of the Na-K pump decreased the rate of $^{45}Ca$ efflux. These results strongly suggested that Na substitution increases cellular Ca uptake and decreases the rate of $^{45}Ca$ efflux via a Na-Ca exchange mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2000

Fructus Aristolochiae has been used in Korea for many centuries as a treatment for various disease.The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of Fructus Aristolochiae on norepinephrine(NE) induced blood vessel contraction in rabbits. Rabbit(2 kg, male) were killed by $CO_2$ exposure and a segment (8-10mm) of each rabbit was cut into equal segments and mounted in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 2-3 g loading tension. The dose of norepinephrine(NE) which evoked 50% of maximal response ($ED_{50}$) was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for NE ($10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-3}M$). Contractions evoked by NE ($ED_{50}$) were inhibited significantly by Fructus Aristolochiae in abdominal aorta and femoral artery. Fructus Aristolochiae inhibited the relaxation pretreated propranolol and L-NNA in femoral artery. But Fructus Aristolochiae did not effect the relaxation pretreated ODQ in femoral artery and abdominal aorta. These results indicate that Fructus Aristolochiae can relax NE induced contraction of rabbit blood vessel selectively, and that this relaxation relates to nitric oxide synthesis and sympathetic action.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.409-427
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• 1998

Insamjungchuntang has been used in Korea for many centuries as a treatment for respiratory disease. The effect of Insamjungchuntang on tracheal smooth muscle is not known. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of Insamjungchuntang on histamine and acetylcholine induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction in rats and guinea pigs. Guinea pig (500 g, male) and Sprague Dawley rats (200 g, male) were killed by $CO_2$ exposure and a segment (8-10 mm) of the thoracic trachea from each rat and guinea pig was cut into equal segments and mounted 'in pairs' in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 0.5 g loading tension. The dose of histamine (His) and acetylcholine (Ach) which evoked 50% of maximal response $(ED_{50})$ was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for histamine and acetylcholine$(10^{-7}{\sim}10^{-4}\;M)$. Contractions evoked by His ($ED_{50}$) and Ach $(ED_{50})$ were inhibited significantly by Insamjungchuntang. In guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of acetylcholine induced contraction was $38.58\(p<0.05)\;after\;10{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang, $90.75\(p<0.01)\;after\;30{\mu}l/ml$. Insamjungchuntang and $133.17\(p<0.01)\;after\;100{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang. In rat tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of acetylcholine induced contraction was $10.0\(p<0.05)\;after\;10{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang, $80.71\(p<0.01)\;after\;30{\mu}/ml$ Insamjungchuntang and $118.29\(p<0.01)\;after\;100{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang. Also, in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of histamine induced contraction was $45.5\(p<0.01)\;after\;10{\mu}l/ml$ lnsamjungchuntang, and $93.17\(p<0.01)\;after\;30{\mu}l/ml$. lnsamjungchuntang $134.50\(p<0.01)\;after\;100{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang. In rat tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of histamine induced contraction was $37.83\(p<0.01)\;after\;10{\mu}l/ml$ lnsamjungchuntang, $90.5\(p<0.01)\;after\;30{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang and $135.17\(p<0.01)\;after\;100{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang. Propranolol $(10^{-7}\;M)$ slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Insamjungchuntang. Following treatment with propranolol, the mean percent inhibition caused by $100{\mu}l/ml$. Insamjungchuntang fell to 46.42% in guinea pig induced by acetylcholine contraction and by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang fell to 5.43% (p<0.05) in rat induced by acetylcholine contraction and the mean percent inhibition caused by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang fell to 49.0% in guinea pig induced by histamine contraction and by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang fell to 48.6% (p<0.05) in rat induced by histamine contraction. Indomethacin and methylene blue $(10^{-7}\;M)$ did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of lnsamjungchuntang. Also, I could find the effects of lnsamjungchuntang and Insamjungchuntanggamorphine on the tracheal smooth muscle in guinea pig and rat did not change significantly. These results indicate that Insamjungchuntang can relax histamine and acetylcholine-induced contraction of guinea pig and rat tracheal smooth muscle, and that this inhibition involves sympathetic effects.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 1998

버들치 Rhynchocypris oxycephalus의 등지느러미와 가슴지느러미를 연결하는 중간 부위 체측상처를 수술하여, 과립형성 조직 수축 특성과 치유율 및 2차 치유에 관하여 조사하였다. 수술 푸 생존율은 수술 직후 및 수술 후 7일에 대조군의 100%에 비해 각각 95%와 99% 이었다. 수술 후 14일과 42일 사이에 사망은 없었다. 수술후 7~21에 과립형성 조직은 상피화되었으며 수술 후 29일에 과립형성 조직은 상처 주변부로 정상 위치수축을 하였다. 수술 후 35일~42일에 과립형성 조직에는 collagen 섬유가 존재하였고 표피는 잘 분화된 , alarm 물질세포를 내포하고 있었으며 상처 부위의 표피는 모든 어류에서 조직학적으로 정사이어서, 상처 치유는 수술 35일 이내에 완전히 이루어졌다.