• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2018

슬로싱과 같은 액체의 동적 거동을 측정하고 제어하는 연구가 다양한 공학분야에서 활발히 진행중이다. 건축공학분야에서도 건축물의 풍진동을 저감시키는 동조액체감쇠기의 연구에 액제 진동이 측정되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 파고 측정 센서의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 레이저 장비 중 LDV와 스캐닝 장비 중 갈바노미터스캐너를 이용하여 동조액체감쇠기 내의 액체 진동을 측정하는 방법을 제안하고 검증하였다. LDV가 속도와 변위를 측정하는 원리를 기술하였고 갈바노미터스캐너의 구동 원리에 따라 LDV의 단일 포인트로 다점측정이 가능한 시스템을 구성하였다. 동조 액체감쇠기의 4점 액체 진동을 측정하여 각 점의 시간 영역 데이터를 기존에 사용하던 비디오 센싱 데이터와 비교하였고 파형 분석을 통해 진행파와 정상파를 구별할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 측정 딜레이가 있는 데이터를 상호 상관을 취하여 특이값 분해를 하고 이론 및 비디오 센싱 결과와 일치하는 고유진동수와 모드형상을 도출하였다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2015

불투수면의 증가와 도시화 현상은 지하수량의 감소, 지표수의 고갈, 홍수의 증가 등과 같은 자연적인 물순환 시스템에 변화를 가져왔다. 또한, 인간이 사용할 수 있는 수량의 감소 또한 초래하게 되었다. 이에 빗물의 적절한 처리와 재활용은 최근 발생되는 수문학적 문제의 해결에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 예상되어왔다. 따라서 본 연구는 지붕빗물유출수를 침투 및 저류 기작으로 처리하여 자연적인 물순환의 회복을 이루고자 침투화분 기술을 개발하였다. 연구결과, 침투화분 기술은 평균 79% 정도의 강우유출유량 저감효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 유출유량 지연효과 및 첨두유량 지연효과도 발생하였는데, 약 3시간의 유출지연효과와 38%의 유량 저감효과가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 침투화분의 오염물질 처리효율은 TSS 97%, BOD 및 CODcr 94%, TN 86%, TP 96%, Total Cu, Total Zn, Total Pb의 중금속은 약 93% 처리되었으며, 처리수의 오염물질 농도는 TSS 13.3mg/L, BOD 3.6mg/L, TN 4.7mg/L 및 TP 0.1mg/L로 분석되어 도시재이용수, 조경용수, 공업용수로서 사용이 가능할 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.155.2-155.2
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• 2013

Strain-relaxed SiGe layer on Si substrate has numerous potential applications for electronic and opto- electronic devices. SiGe layer must have a high degree of strain relaxation and a low dislocation density. Conventionally, strain-relaxed SiGe on Si has been manufactured using compositionally graded buffers, in which very thick SiGe buffers of several micrometers are grown on a Si substrate with Ge composition increasing from the Si substrate to the surface. In this study, a new plasma process, i.e., the combination of PIII&D and HiPIMS, was adopted to implant Ge ions into Si wafer for direct formation of SiGe layer on Si substrate. Due to the high peak power density applied the Ge sputtering target during HiPIMS operation, a large fraction of sputtered Ge atoms is ionized. If the negative high voltage pulse applied to the sample stage in PIII&D system is synchronized with the pulsed Ge plasma, the ion implantation of Ge ions can be successfully accomplished. The PIII&D system for Ge ion implantation on Si (100) substrate was equipped with 3'-magnetron sputtering guns with Ge and Si target, which were operated with a HiPIMS pulsed-DC power supply. The sample stage with Si substrate was pulse-biased using a separate hard-tube pulser. During the implantation operation, HiPIMS pulse and substrate's negative bias pulse were synchronized at the same frequency of 50 Hz. The pulse voltage applied to the Ge sputtering target was -1200 V and the pulse width was 80 usec. While operating the Ge sputtering gun in HiPIMS mode, a pulse bias of -50 kV was applied to the Si substrate. The pulse width was 50 usec with a 30 usec delay time with respect to the HiPIMS pulse. Ge ion implantation process was performed for 30 min. to achieve approximately 20 % of Ge concentration in Si substrate. Right after Ge ion implantation, ~50 nm thick Si capping layer was deposited to prevent oxidation during subsequent RTA process at $1000^{\circ}C$ in N2 environment. The Ge-implanted Si samples were analyzed using Auger electron spectroscopy, High-resolution X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectroscopy, and Transmission electron microscopy to investigate the depth distribution, the degree of strain relaxation, and the crystalline structure, respectively. The analysis results showed that a strain-relaxed SiGe layer of ~100 nm thickness could be effectively formed on Si substrate by direct Ge ion implantation using the newly-developed PIII&D process for non-gaseous elements.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

비록 멀티 페이지 TLB는 성능을 향상시키는데 효과적이지만, 운영체제의 도움을 통한 기존의 방법은 사용자 응용 프로그램에서는 멀티 페이지를 사용할 수 없는 치명적인 단점을 가진다. 이에 본 논문에서는 운영체제의 지원 없이 멀티 페이지를 이용하여 고성능과 저전력을 얻을 수 있는 새로운 멀티 TLB 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 TLB는 작은 페이지를 위한 TLB와 큰 페이지를 위한 TLB로 구성되며, 모두 완전연관 뱅크 구조를 가지고 있다. 작은 페이지를 지원하는 S-TLB(Small TLB)는 큰 페이지를 지원하는 L-TLB(Large TLB)에서 추출된 작은 페이지를 저장하게 되며, L-TLB는 CPU로부터 요청된 작은 페이지를 포함한 큰 가상 페이지 주소를 저장하게 된다. CPU가 요청한 가상주소의 특별한 한 비트와 두 비트를 이용하여 S-TLB와 L_TLB의 각각의 하나의 뱅크만이 접근되며, 동시에 접근되는 엔트리 수 감소에 의해 에너지 소비를 줄일 수 있다. 또한 본 논문에서 효과적인 성능향상을 위해 간단한 1비트 LRU 정책을 제안하였다. 제안된 LRU 정책은 각 TLB 엔트리에 추가적인 1 비트를 사용하여 최근에 참조된 블록을 나타낸다. 이 방법은 간단하게 L-TLB로부터 가장 최근에 참조된 페이지를 선택할 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 결과에 따르면, 제안된 구조는 완전연관 사상 TLB, Dual TLB 그리고 ARM TLB에 비해 76%, 57%, 그리고 6%의 에너지*지연시간을 줄일 수 있었다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2019

원자력발전소 운영 과정에서 발생되는 폐기물인 폐수지를 원천적으로 저감하기 위해, 새로운 폐수 정화기술을 개발하고 원전 폐수처리시스템에 가상적으로 적용하여 효용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 본 기술의 기본 원리는 폐수에 존재하는 주요 핵종이온들을 생물학적 혹은 화학적 방법을 통해 무기 결정광물로 바꾸는 방식이다. 실험실에서 폐수를 대상으로 회분식실험을 통해 핵종 제거율을 측정한 결과, 생물학적 방법은 24시간 이내에 세슘을 80% 이상 제거하였고, 화학적 방법은 95% 이상 세슘을 선택적으로 제거할 수 있었다. 그리고 원전 폐수에 존재하는 다른 주요 핵종들(Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn, Eu)에 대해서도 초기 99% 이상의 높은 제거율을 보여 주었다. 우리는 APR1400 원자력발전소의 폐수처리시스템 공정에서 역삼투압(R/O)과 유기 이온교환수지 모듈 사이에 가상으로 본 기술 모듈을 설치하였다. 가상의 모듈 설치를 통한 기술적 타당성 평가를 통해, 우리는 폐수의 주요 핵종들이 90% 이상 선택적으로 제거되고 폐수지의 발생량이 대폭 감소된다는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 결과가 의미하는 바는 본 기술이 향후 미래에 상용화되었을 경우, 폐수지 관리 비용을 크게 감소시키고 수지 수명도 대폭 연장시킬 수 있어, 결과적으로 월성 방사성폐기물 처분시설의 저장고 포화시점을 최대한 늦출 수 있는 이점이 있다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 단열재 두께에 따른 소형발사체 공통격벽 추진제 탱크의 단열 성능을 분석하였다. 단일 파트로 이루어진 공통격벽 추진제 탱크는 탱크 연결부가 불필요하여 추진제 탱크의 경량화 설계가 가능하다. 그러나 산화제와 연료의 온도차로 인한 열전달에 의하여 추진제의 손실과 점화 지연 등의 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 산화제 탱크와 연료 탱크를 구분하는 공통격벽 구조의 단열 성능 확인이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 기화 질량(boil- off mass)을 이용한 단열 성능 분석을 위하여 단열재 두께가 50, 55, 60, 65, 70 mm인 추진제 탱크에 대해 과도 열전달 해석을 수행하였다. 이어서 추진제 탱크의 1단 비행시간 동안 발생하는 산화제의 기화 질량을 도출하였다. 그 결과, 단열재 두께가 증가할수록 기화 질량이 감소하여 단열 성능이 향상되었다.

• 기록학연구
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• 제10호
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• pp.276-322
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• 2004

Historical interest in China in 1930s has been mostly focused on political characteristic of the National Government(國民政府) which was established by the KMT(中國國民黨) as a result of national unification. It is certain that China had a chance to construct a modern country by the establishment of the very unified revolutionary government. But, it was the time of expanding national crises that threatened the existence of the country such as the Manchurian Incident and the Chinese-Japanese War as well as the chaos of the domestic situation, too. So it has a good reason to examine the characteristic and pattern of the response of the political powers of those days. But, as shown in the recent studies, the manifestation method of political power by the revolutionary regime catches our attention through the understanding of internal operating system. Though this writing started from the fact that the Nationalist Government executed the administrative reform which aimed at "administrative efficiency" in the middle of 1930s, but it put stress on the seriousness of the problem and its solution rather than political background or results. "Committee on Administrative Efficiency(行政效率委員會)", the center of administrative reform movement which was established in 1934, examined the plan to execute the reform through legislation by the Executive Council(行政院) on the basis of the results of relevant studies. They claimed that the construction of a modern country should be performed by not political revolution anymore but by gradual improvement and daily reform, and that the operation of the government should become modern, scientific and efficient. There were many fields of administrative reform subjects, but especially, the field of records and archives adminstration(文書檔案行政) was studied intensively from the initial stage because that subject had already been discussed intensively. They recognized that records and archives were the basic tool of work performance and general activity but an inefficient field in spite of many input staff members, and most of all, archival reform bring about less conflicts than the fields of finance, organization and personnel. When it comes to the field of records adminstration, the key subjects that records should be written simply, the process of record treatment should be clear and the delay of that should be prevented were already presented in a records administrative meeting in 1922. That is, the unified law about record management was not established, so each government organization followed a conventional custom or performed independent improvement. It was through the other records administrative workshop of the Nationalist Government in 1933 when the new trend was appeared as the unified system improvement. They decided to unify the format of official records, to use marker and section, to unify the registration of receipt records and dispatch records and to strengthen the examination of records treatment. But, the method of records treatment was not unified yet, so the key point of records administrative reform was to establish a unified and standard record management system for preventing repetition by simplifying the treatment procedure and for intensive treatment by exclusive organizations. From the foundation of the Republic of China to 1930s, there was not big change in the field of archives administration, and archives management methods were prescribed differently even in the same section as well as same department. Therefore, the point at issue was to centralize scattered management systems that were performed in each section, to establish unified standard about filing and retention period allowance and to improve searching system through classification and proper number allowance. Especially, the problem was that each number system and classification system bring about different result due to dual operation of record registration and archives registration, and that strict management through mutual contrast, searching and application are impossible. Besides, various problems such as filing tools, arrangement method, preservation facilities & equipment, lending service and use method were raised also. In the process this study for the system improvement of records and archives management, they recognized that records and archives are the identical thing and reached to create a successive management method of records and archives called "Records and Archives Chain Management Method(文書檔案連鎖法)" as a potential alternative. Several principles that records and archives management should be performed unitedly in each organization by the general record recipient section and the general archives section under the principle of task centralization, a consistent classification system should be used by classification method decided in advance according to organizational constitution and work functions and an identical number system should be used in the process of record management stage and archive management stage by using a card-type register were established. Though, this "Records and Archives Chain Management Method" was developed to the stage of test application in several organizations, but it was not adopted as a regular system and discontinued. That was because the administrative reform of the Nationalist Government was discontinued by the outbreak of the Chinese-Japanese War. Even though the administrative reform in the middle of 1930s didn't produce practical results but merely an experimentation, it was verified that the reform against tradition and custom conducted by the Nationalist Government that aimed for the construction of a modern country was not only a field of politics, but on the other hand, the weak basis of the government operation became the obstacle to the realization of the political power of the revolutionary regime. Though the subject of records and archives administrative reform was postponed to the future, it should be understood that the consciousness of modern records and archives administration and overall studies began through this examination of administrative reform.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.273-314
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• 2004

There is a belief in the construction industry that the traditional court system may not be an ideal forum to effectively and efficiently resolve construction disputes due to the protracted proceedings and the three tier appeal system resulting in a long delay in the final and conclusive settlement of the dispute, relatively high costs involved, the lack of requisite knowledge and experience in the relevant industry, etc. Hence, they assert that certain alternative dispute resolution ('ADR') methods, such as mediation, conciliation, arbitration or a new system for dispute settlement in the form of any combination thereof should be developed and employed for construction disputes so as to resolve them more promptly and efficiently to the satisfaction of all the disputants concerned. This paper discusses certain merits of such assertions and the need for additional considerations for effective resolution of the construction disputes in light of the complexity of the case, importance of expert witnesses, parties' relationship and non-level playing field of the construction industry and so on. At the same time, however, given the inherent nature of disputes rendering the parties involved in an adversarial position, it would rather be difficult, if not practically impossible, to satisfy all the parties concerned in the dispute. Accordingly, in this study, it is also purported to address the demerits of such assertions by studying the situation from a more balanced perspective, in particular, in relation to the operation of such ADRs. In fact, most of such ADRs as stipulated by special acts, such as the Construction Industry Basic Act of Korea, in the form of mediation or conciliation, have failed to get support from the industry, and as a result, such ADRs are seldom used in practice. Tn contrast, the court system has been greatly improved by implementing a new concentrated review system and establishing several tribunals designed to specialize in the review and resolution of specific types of disputes, including the construction disputes. These improvements of the court system have been warmly received by the industry. Arbitration is another forum for settlement of construction disputes, which has grown and is expected to grow as the most effective ADR with the support from the construction industry. In this regard, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board ('KCAB') has established a set of internal rules end procedures in operation to efficiently handle construction disputes. Considering the foregoing, this paper addresses the most important elements of the arbitration, i.e., arbitration agreement and arbitral award, primarily focusing on the domestic arbitrations before the KCAB. However, since this parer is prepared for presentation at the construction disputes seminar for the public audience, it is not intended for academic purposes, nor does it delve into any specific acadcmic issues. Likewise, although this paper addresses certain controversial issues by way of introduction, it mainly purports to facilitate the understanding of the general public, including the prospective arbitrators on the KCAB roster without the relevant legal education and background, concerning the importance of the integrity of the arbitration agreement and the arbitral award. In sum, what is purported in this study is simply to note that there are still many outstanding issues with mediation, conciliation and arbitration, as a matter of system, institutional operation or otherwise, for further study and consideration so as to enhance them as effective means for settlement of construction disputes, in replacement of or in conjunction with the court proceeding. For this purpose, it is essential for all the relevant parties, including lawyers, engineers, owners, contractors and social activists aiming to protect consumers' and subcontractors' interests, to conduct joint efforts to study the complicated nature of construction works and to develop effective means for examination and handling of the disputes of a technical nature, including the accumulation of the relevant industrial data. Based on the foregoing, the parties may be in a better position to select the appropriate dispute resolution mechanism, a court proceeding or in its stead, an effective ADR, considering the relevant factors of the subject construction works or the contract structure, such as the bargaining position of the parties, their financial status, confidentiality requirements, technical or commercial complexity of the case at hand, urgency for settlements, etc.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.45-69
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• 2002

This study is designed to examine feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in cooking Western food in a hotel, to interpret importance of outsourcing(eg. outside order, outside procurement, outside supply) in a broad sense in order to reinforce the core capacity in the cooking department, and to know whether the cooking human power is efficiently used and how much the chefs recognize outsourcing of food materials. As many companies conduct restructuring to cut down its size, the reduction of human power led the Western food cooking in the hotel to lower core capacities, lower quality, and lower efficiency. In addition, the sagging morale of chefs undermined creativity. To change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen needs to look into importance of outsourcing, cognitive attitude of chefs, relation with outside suppliers. Here suggests performance of positive changes in the structure The study examined feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in the hotel kitchen as well as chefs' cognitive attitude toward outsourcing of food materials to reinforce core capabilities of the hotel kitchen. 1. Companies of outsourcing are selected according to variability of price conditions, flexibility of contract conditions, popularity of the outsourcing company, and reputation of the outsourcing company. 2. The importance of outsourcing in the Western food cooking is divided into 4 factors such as standard of selecting outsourcing companies, policies of cooking manu, quality of cooking, and quantity of cooking. 3. The most feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is a process of kneading flour for bread, which shows that many Western-food chefs expect to put higher possibility of outsourcing on the kneading. In other words, when it comes to confectionery and bakery, there are many outside expert processing companies supplying high quality products. In the order of outsourcing feasibility, sauce is followed by processed vegetable, garnish of main dish, and soup. The least feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is appetize. Appetize includes a concept of a improvised dish and needs speed. Due to its color, freshness, and sensibility of taste, the appetize plays a key role in the Western food cooking. 4. When outsourcing is taken in place, the highest risk is to lower the inner cooking skills. Therefore chefs in charge of the Western food sequently recognize both internal problems including storage of cooking skills, unstability of layoffs, and loss of cooperation between departments, and external problems including inferior goods, difficulty of differentiating manu, delay of delivery, and expiration date. It shows that most of the Western food chefs consider risks of the internal problems at first. 5. A effective outsourcing needs appropriate selection of outsourcing companies, maintenance of credibility, active communication, check and management of hygiene. However regardless of their position or career, chefs in charge of the Western food have the same cognitive attitude toward selecting successful outsourcing companies after the outsourcing system is enforced. The core of cooking, or a final stage in the full process of so-called artistic cooking, should be treated with insourcing. Reduction of several cooking processes resulted in shortened cooking time, increased efficiency, faster cooking, cutting the waiting-lines, and finally more room for customers. The outsourcing system can reduce or eliminate the following processes in cooking: buying various food materials, checking, storing, preparing, and processing. Especially in the Western food cooking department of a hotel, the outsourcing system should be enforced to make an economic kitchen and to efficiently manage it. Wow it's time to change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen in the hotel cooking department. For that, the cooking department should become a small but strong organization by outsourcing except its core work.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제46권12호
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• pp.108-116
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 고품질 비압축 오디오 트래픽의 분배 시에 요구되는 낮은 지연 및 지터를 보장하고 이더넷 환경에서 데이터 트래픽의 효율적인 교환을 가능하게 하는 새로운 L1/L2 혼합형 중계 방식을 적용한 이더넷 기반 오디오 분배 시스템을 제안하고 성능을 분석하였다. 제안하는 방식이 적용된 오디오 분배 시스템은 마스터 노드와 다수의 중계 노드로 구성되며 이들은 상호간에 상향 하향 링크를 통하여 데이지 체인 형태로 연결된다. 마스터 노드는 스테레오 24채널에서 PCM샘플링된 16비트 오디오 채널을 수납할 수 있는 오디오 프레임을 125us의 주기마다 생성하여 하향 링크를 통해 전송한다. 하향 링크를 통하여 오디오 프레임을 수신한 중계 노드들은 생성한 오디오 트래픽을 해당 노드에게 할당된 오디오 채널에 수납하고 다음 중계노드로 물리 계층 기반(L1)의 전송을 한다. 망의 종단 노드는 수신되는 오디오 프레임을 상향 링크를 통하여 마스터 노드로 루프백시키고 오디오가 상향 링크를 통하여 전송되는 과정에서 모든 중계 노드들은 자신이 수신해야 할 오디오 채널을 복사하여 오디오를 재생한다. 오디오 프레임의 송신이 완료되면 남은 기간 동안 중계 노드들은 L2 스위치로 동작하면서 데이터 프레임을 데이터 링크 계층 기반(L2)에서 교환한다. 이와 같은 L1/L2 혼합형 중계 방식의 동작을 위해 노드 입력 부의 물리 계층과 데이터 링크 간에 존재하는 MII에 오디오 프레임과 데이터 프레임을 구분하는 기능을 가지는 글루로직을 새로 추가하였다. 제안된 방식에 대하여 네트워크 시뮬레이터인 OMNeT++를 사용하고 다양한 파라미터를 통하여 제안된 방식이 오디오 트래픽의 지연 특성과 데이터 트래픽의 전송 효율 면에서 우수한 특성을 제공할 수 있음을 보였다. 제안된 방식은 물리 계층 기반의 전송 또는 데이터 링크 기반의 전송 방식을 사용하는 기존 이더넷 기반 오디오 분배 기술에 비하여 향상된 지연 성능 및 전송 효율을 제공할 수 있어 오디오분배 시스템뿐만 아니라 비디오분배 시스템, 디지털 AV장치 간의 연결 등에도 활용될 수 있다.