• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2002

A dynamic model of a water heater system heated by a heat pump was developed. The water heater system was composed of heat pump and hot water reservoirs. Finite volume method (FVM) was applied to describe the heat exchangers. A new constraint on electronic expansion valve (EEV) or thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) that can control superheat after the evaporator was developed. Dynamic performances were evaluated for various sizes of the reservoir. In order to compare those performances, time scale was normalized by time constant representing the characteristics of reservoir size. Time constant was determined from quasi steady-state simulation of the system. From the simulation, the size of the water heater reservoir was found to have a large influence on the transient performance of the sys- tem. Therefore, the optimization of the reservoir size is needed in a design process.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.42-45
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• 2004

This paper is proposed an adaptive fuzzy controller of induction motor drive. The adaptive fuzzy controller approach for an estimate of the rotor time constant which is used to adjust the estimate of the slip angular speed. An estimate of the rotor time constant was obtained using an model reference adaptive system(MRAS) in a fuzzy control scheme. The rotor time constant was estimated by utilizing the rotor nut estimates. This paper is proposed the theoretical analysis as well as the simulation results to verify the effectiveness of the new method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2015

In this study, we have come to the following conclusions regarding to the electrification properties (electrostatic electrification voltage and electrification relaxation time) of electrostatics in the three type of specimen (size: $4cm{\times}4cm{\times}0.103cm$) of silicone rubber which is mixed with the ATH (Aluminium Trihydrate(Al($OH_3$)) of 30 phr, 60 phr, 120 phr as reinforcing filler. The electrification properties of electrostatics were measured for the different mixing ratio of ATH with the applied voltage of DC 10 kV at the temperature range of $10^{\circ}C{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and humidity range of 60%~80%. When the temperature remained constant, the electrical resistance decreased as the humidity increasing in the range of 60%, 70%, 80%. In contrast, when the humidity remained constant, the electrical resistance increased as the temperature increasing in the range of $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$. Regarding these results, may be it is because the absorption of O-H molecule appeared in the silicone specimen. It was confirmed that when the temperature remained constant, the electrification relaxation time decreased as the humidity increased. In contrast, when the humidity remained constant, the electrification relaxation time increased as the temperature increased.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.1046-1053
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• 1999

The musculotendon model is presented to show the declines in muscle force and shortening velocity during muscle fatigue due to the repeated functional electrical stimulation (FES). It consists of the nonlinear activation and contraction dynamics including physiological concepts of muscle fatigue. The activation dynamics represents $Ca^{2+}$ binding and unbinding mechanism with troponins of cross-bridges in sarcoplasm. It has the constant binding rate or activation time constant and two step nonlinear unbinding rate or inactivation time constant. The contraction dynamics is the modified Hill type model to represent muscle force - length and muscle force - velocity relations. A muscle fatigue profile as a function of the intracellular acidification, pH is applied into the contraction dynamics to represent the force decline. The computer simulation shows that muscle force and shortening velocity decline in stimulation time. And we validate the model. The model can predicts the proper muscle force without changing its parameters even when existing the estimation errors of the optimal fiber length. The change in the estimate of the optimal fiber length has an effect only on muscle time constant in transient period not on the tetanic force in the steady-state and relaxation periods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.682-684
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• 2004

The effect of 1/f noise by the random telegraph signal(RTS) on the phase noise and the jitter of CMOS ring Oscillator is investigated. 10 parallel piece-wise-linear current sources connected to each node model the RTS signals. The In, the power spectral density and the jitter of output of the ring oscillator are simulated as functions of the amplitude and time constant of RTS current source. It is confirmed that the increase of amplitude of RTS is directly related to the increase of the width of phase noise md the value of jitter. The shorter the time constant is, the wider width of FET peak and the larger value of cycle to cycle jitter are.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.123-129
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• 2016

Disturbance Observer(DOB) based control is considered for the purpose of the balancing performance enhancement in a single-wheel robot. Design of DOB can be folded into two parts, the inverse model of the plant and the Q-filter. The inverse model is derived from the inverted stick model and a Q-filter is designed to stabilize the inverse model. In this paper, a Q31 filter is designed and its effect is evaluated by experimental studies. The time constant provides a complimentary characteristic between the disturbance suppression and the sensor noise immunity. Therefore, suitable selection of the time-constant must be considered. Comparative experiments are conducted to investigate the control performances when three different Q filters are respectively applied in the DOB. Through the analysis of the experimental results, a time constant is designed to have a proper value in the design of DOB for balancing control of a single-wheel robot.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 2015

With using adaptive control of the resistance spot welding machine, the advantage on electrode life time for galvanized steels has been addressed. This study was aimed to evaluate the electrode life time of galvanized steels with applying the constant current control and the adaptive control resistance spot welding process for a comparison purpose. The growth in diameter of electrode face was similar for both the constant current and the adaptive control up to 2000 welds. The button diameter was decreased with weld numbers, however, sudden increase in button diameter with use of the adaptive control after 1500 welds was observed. The peak load was continuously decreased with increasing number of welds for both the constant current and the adaptive control. The current compensation during a weld was observed with using the adaptive control after 1800 welds since the ${\beta}$-peak on dynamic resistance curve was detected at later weld time. The current compensation with adaptive control during resistance spot welding enhanced the nugget diameter at the faying interface of steel sheets and improved the penetration to thinner steel sheet.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.548-561
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• 1989

In single atrial cells isolated from the rabbit the properties of inward current of Na-Ca exchange were investigated using the whole cell voltage clamp technique. The current was recorded during repolarization following brief 2 ms depolarizing pulse to +40 mV from a holding potential of * 70 mV. Followings are the results obtained: 1. When stimulated every 30 seconds, the inward currents were activated and reached peak values 6-12 ms after the beginning of depolarizing pulse. The mean current amplitude was 342 pA/cell. 2. The current decayed spontaneously from the peak activation and the time course of the relaxation showed two different phases fast and slow phase. The time constants were 10-18 ms and 60-140 ms, respectively. 3. The recovery of inward current was tested by paired pulse of various intervals. The peak current recovered exponentially with time constant of 140 ms and 1 p M isoprenaline accelerated the recovery process. 4. Relaxation time course was also affected by pulse interval and time constant of the fast phase was reduced almost linearly according to the decrease of pulse interval between 30 sec and 1 sec. 5. The peak activation was increased in magnitude by long prepulse stimulation, 5 p M Bay K, 1 p M isoprenaline or internal and external application of c-AMP. 6. The relaxation time constant of the fast phase was prolonged by 5 p M Bay K or c-AMP, and shortened by isoprenaline. However the time course of the slow relaxation phase was not so much changed. From the above results, it could be concluded that increase of the calcium current by Bay K or c-AMP results in the potentiation and prolongation of intracellular calcium transient, and the facilitation of Ca uptake by SR might be a mechanism of shortening the time constant of current relaxation by short interval stimulation or isoprenaline.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.11
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• pp.1571-1577
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• 2015

A new mixed mode control of constant power and constant current for resistance spot welding inverter is proposed to improve the weld quality. The conventional control scheme adopts constant current or constant power control mode, however, it is not easy to guarantee the high weld quality because of the nonlinear resistance characteristics of the welding point. The proposed method utilizes the nonlinear characteristics by measuring the dynamic resistance in real time. Therefore, it is possible for the welder to be controlled adaptively depending on the welding state. Experimental results show that the proposed control scheme improves the weld quality by 6.8 times compared with the conventional constant current mode control.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1712-1717
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• 1997

Stability and accuracy for the trapezoidal rule of the Newmark time integration method are analyzed when variable time step sizes are adopted. A new analytic approach to stability and accuracy analysis is also proposed for time integration methods with variable time step sizes. The trapezoidal rule with variable time step sizes has the "actual" unconditional stability which is the same as that of the method with constant time step sizes. However, the method with variable time step sizes is first-order accurate while the method with constant time step sizes is second-order accurate. accurate.