• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1999년도 학술발표대회 논문집 제18권 1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 1999

The aim of the work described in this paper is to develop a complex underground acoustic system which detects and localizes the origin of an underground hammering sound using an array of hydrophones located about loom underground. Three different methods for the sound localization will be presented, a time-delay method, a power-attenuation method and a hybrid method. In the time-delay method, the cross correlation of the signals received from the array of sensors is used to calculate the time delays between those signals. In the power-attenuation method, the powers of the received signals provide a measure of the distances of the source from the sensors. In the hybrid method, both informations of time-delays and power-ratios are coupled together to produce better performance of position estimation. A new acoustic imaging technique has been developed for improving the hybrid method. This new acoustic imaging method shows the multi-dimensional distribution of the normalized cost function, so as to indicate the trend of the minimizing direction toward the source location. For each method the sound localization is carried out in three dimensions underground. The distance between the true and estimated origins of the source is 28m for a search area of radius 250m.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1999년도 제14차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.149-152
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• 1999

The aim of the work described in this paper is to develop a complex underground acoustic system which detects and localizes the origin of an underground hammering sound using an array of hydrophones located about loom underground. Three different methods for the sound localization will be presented, a time-delay method, a power-attenuation method and a hybrid method. In the time-delay method, the cross correlation of the signals received from the way of sensors is used to calculate the time delays between those signals. In the power-attenuation method, the powers of the received signals provide a measure of the distances of the source from the sensors. In the hybrid method, both informations of time-delays and power-ratios are coupled together to produce better performance of position estimation. A new acoustic imaging technique has been developed for improving the hybrid method. For each method the sound localization is carried out in three dimensions underground. The minimum distance between the true and estimated origins of the source is 28 m for a search area of radius 250m.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2015

Compact Network Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is a method that combines compact RTK and network RTK, and it can effectively reduce the time and spatial de-correlation errors. A network RTK user receives multiple correction information generated from reference stations that constitute a network, calculates correction information that is appropriate for one's own position through a proper combination method, and uses the information for the estimation of the position. This combination method is classified depending on the method for modeling the GPS error elements included in correction information, and the user position accuracy is affected by the accuracy of this modeling. Among the GPS error elements included in correction information, tropospheric delay is generally eliminated using a tropospheric model, and a combination method is then applied. In the case of a tropospheric model, the estimation accuracy varies depending on the meteorological condition, and thus eliminating the tropospheric delay of correction information using a tropospheric model is limited to a certain extent. In this study, correction information modeling accuracy performances were compared focusing on the Low-Order Surface Model (LSM), which models the GPS error elements included in correction information using a low-order surface, and a modified LSM method that considers tropospheric delay characteristics depending on altitude. Both of the two methods model GPS error elements in relation to altitude, but the second method reflects the characteristics of actual tropospheric delay depending on altitude. In this study, the final residual errors of user measurements were compared and analyzed using the correction information generated by the various methods mentioned above. For the performance comparison and analysis, various GPS actual measurement data were collected. The results indicated that the modified LSM method that considers actual tropospheric characteristics showed improved performance in terms of user measurement residual error and position domain residual error.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2011

본 연구는 버스정보시스템(BIS)의 운행데이터를 이용하여 신호교차로에서의 지체시간을 추정하기 위한 연구이다. 기존의 버스시스템에 첨단정보통신 기술을 접목한 BIS는 많은 지방자치단체에서 구축하여 운영 중에 있다. 그러나 기존에 구축된 BIS의 운영을 통해 실시간으로 수집되고 있는 운행데이터의 활용은 활발히 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 BIS 운행데이터를 이용하여 실시간으로 지체시간을 산정하여 도시교통관리, 교통정보를 제공에 활용하기 위한 기초적인 연구를 수행하고자 하였다. VISSIM 5.20을 활용하여 시뮬레이션 모형을 구축하였으며 버스정류장에서의 서비스 시간을 제외한 버스 통행시간과 일반차량 지체시간 간의 상관관계가 유의한 것으로 분석되어 거시적 통계모형인 회귀모형으로 구축하여 분석한 결과 직선회귀모형의 결정계수가 0.826으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 구축된 모형을 통계적으로 검증하기 위하여 현장조사 값과 모형추정 값으로 T-test를 실시한 결과 95% 신뢰수준에서 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.270-277
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• 2012

Purpose: In this paper, storage lifetime of delay system in the fuse of 81MM illuminating projectile is estimated. Methods: Accelerated degradation testings of tungsten delay system using both temperature and humidity stresses were performed, and then delay time increase of the systems were analyzed as degradation data based on distribution-based degradation processes. Results: The estimated storage lifetime of detonator is between 11.8 years and 17.6 years with each stress-life relationship. Conclusion: Comparing with field data, storage lifetime of 90% reliability is about 12 years.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.177-190
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• 2006

Construction projects are facing delay problems. Delays in construction have been immense effect on performance or satisfactory delivery of the project. Delays have been causing project cost overrun as well as it is a source of dispute hence damaging the relationship between the project participants. The purpose of this study was to explore the causes of delay risk through a field survey study. Data were collected from construction professionals working in owner, consultant and contractor organizations. All together 208 questionnaire instruments were used and analyzed by employing statistical tools (SPSS computer program). 19 delay factors were identified by this study, out of which following factors were critical: Frequent interruptions from public (local people, pressure group etc.), changed site condition, failure to provide required construction site, unrealistic project time estimation and design errors.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.3057-3075
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• 2020

End-to-end network delay plays an vital role in distributed services. This delay is used to measure QoS (Quality-of-Service). It would be beneficial to know all node-pair delay information, but unfortunately it is not feasible in practice because the use of active probing will cause a quadratic growth in overhead. Alternatively, using the measured network delay to estimate the unknown network delay is an economical method. In this paper, we adopt the state-of-the-art matrix completion technology to better estimate the network delay from limited measurements. Although the number of measurements required for an exact matrix completion is theoretically bounded, it is practically less helpful. Therefore, we propose an online adaptive sampling algorithm to measure network delay in which statistical leverage scores are used to select potential matrix elements. The basic principle behind is to sample the elements with larger leverage scores to keep the traits of important rows or columns in the matrix. The amount of samples is adaptively decided by a proposed stopping condition. Simulation results based on real delay matrix show that compared with the traditional sampling algorithm, our proposed sampling algorithm can provide better performance (smaller estimation error and less convergence pressure) at a lower cost (fewer samples and shorter processing time).

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제9B권4호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2002

지금까지 삽입(Embedding)백터를 이용한 국소적예측방법은 고차미분방정식으로부터 생성된 카오스 시계열을 예측할 때, 파라메타 $\tau$의 추정이 정확하지 않으면 예측성능은 떨어졌다. 지금까지 지연시간 ($\tau$)의 값을 추정하는 방법은 많이 제안되어있지만 실제로 고차원미분방정식부터 생성되어진 수많은 시계열에 모두 적용 가능한 방법은 아직 없다. 이것을 기울기 백터를 이용한 기울기 선형모델을 도입하는 것에 의해 정확한 지연시간 ($\tau$)의 값을 추정하지 않아도 예측성능에 만족할 수 있는 결과를 표시했다. 이것을 이론뿐이 아니고 경제시계열에도 적용해서 종래의 예측방법과 비교해서 그 유효성을 표시했다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.434-439
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 신호 대 잡음비를 향상시키기 위해서 시간지연을 보상하는 제어 알고리즘을제안하고, 제안한 제어 알고리즘을 연속파 레이더 방정식에 적용하여 목표물의 정보를 추정한다. 제안한 제어 알고리즘은 신호 대 잡음비를 향상시키기 위해서 수신신호에 가중치를 곱하여 각 배열소자의 출력신호를 향상시킨다. 레이더는 공간상에 신호를 방사하고 불체로부터 반사된 신호를 수신하여 정보를 추출한다. 그러나 무선통신환경에서는 인공 및 자연구조물로 인해서 다중 경로현상이 발생되어 시호의 시간지연이 나타나게 된다. 시간지연은 간섭신호 및 신호왜곡 현상으로 시스템 성능이 저하되어 원하는 정보를 정확히 추정하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 등 간격 선형 배열 안테나를 사용하여 수신신호에 가중치로 지연신호를 보상함으로서 목표물의 추정 정보를 향상 시킬 수 있다. 모의실험으로 본 연구에서 제안한 제어 알고리즘과 지연시간이 보상되지 않은 방법에 대해서 성능을 비교 분석하였으며 본 연구에서 제안한 제어 알고리즘이 원하는 목표물 거리추정 정보가 향상되었음을 입증하였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1589-1597
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• 2021

Due to the low output rate and time delay of vehicle's navigation results, the electro-optical tracking system(EOTS) cannot estimate accurate target positions. If an inertial measurement unit(IMU) is additionally mounted into the EOTS and inertial navigation system(INS) is constructed, the high navigation output rate can be obtained. And the time-delay can be compensated by using the augmented Kalman filter. An accurate initial attitude is required in order to have accurate navigation outputs. In this paper, an attitude determination algorithm is proposed using the augmented Kalman filter in order to compensate measurement delay of the EOTS and have accurate initial attitude. The proposed initial attitude determination algorithm consists of an augmented Kalman filter, an INS, and an integrated Kalman filter. The augmented Kalman filter compensates the time-delay of the vehicle's navigation results and the integrated Kalman filter estimates the navigation error of the INS. In order to evaluate performance of the proposed algorithm, vehicle's navigation outputs and IMU measurements were generated using sensors' model-based measurement generator and initial attitude estimation errors of the proposed algorithm and the conventional algorithm without the augmented Kalman filter were compared for the generated measurements. The evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm has better accuracy.