• Title/Summary/Keyword: Time-Deal Effect

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A structure of musculotendon model with a fatigue profile of electrically stimulated skeletal muscle (전기자극이 가해진 골격근의 피로항을 갖는 근육 모델의 구조)

  • Lim, Jong-Kwang;Nam, Moon-Hyon
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1998.07b
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    • pp.611-613
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    • 1998
  • A structure of musculotendon model with a fatigue profile is investigated. The Hill-type musculotendon model can predicts the decline in muscle force for a given fatigue profile. It consists of nonlinear activation and contraction dynamics based on the physiological concepts. It is normalized for generalization to deal with the various muscles. Muscle force generated by continuous tetanic electrical monophasic pulsewidth modulation stimulation is decreased in time. A fatigue profile is expressed by a function of intramuscular acidification and applied to the relationship between muscle force and shortening velocity in contraction dynamics. The results of computer simulation are well matched with data in a literature which are isometrically performed for knee extension muscles. Also change in optimal fiber length has an effect only on muscle time, constant not on the steady-state tetanic force.

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A Case of Advanced Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Treatment with Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy

  • Ryu, Jae-Wook;Kim, Youn Seup
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.78 no.1
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    • pp.36-40
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    • 2015
  • Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive, treatment-resistant, and generally fatal disease. A 68-year-old male who was diagnosed with MPM at another hospital came to our hospital with dyspnea. We advised him to take combination chemotherapy but he refused to take the treatment. That was because he had already received chemotherapy with supportive care at another hospital but his condition worsened. Thus, we recommended photodynamic therapy (PDT) to deal with the dyspnea and MPM. After PDT, the dyspnea improved and the patient then decided to take the combination chemotherapy. Our patient received chemotherapy using pemetrexed/cisplatin. Afterwards, he received a single PDT treatment and then later took chemotherapy using gemcitabine/cisplatin. The patient showed a survival time of 27 months, which is longer than median survival time in advanced MPM patients. Further research and clinical trials are needed to demonstrate any synergistic effect between the combination chemotherapy and PDT.

LIVELOCK-THIN LOCKING PROTOCOL FOR TRANSACTION SCHEDULING IN DISTRIBUTED DATA NETWORK MANAGEMENT (분산망 거래관리를 위한 기아현상 극소화 잠금규약)

  • 이혜경;김응모
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.24 no.12A
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    • pp.1891-1898
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    • 1999
  • Traditional syntax-oriented serializability notions are considered to be not enough to handle in particular various types of transaction in terms of duration of execution. To deal with this situation, altruistic locking has attempted to reduce delay effect associated with lock release moment by use of the idea of donation. An improved form of altruism has also been deployed in extended altruistic locking in a way that scope of data to be early released is enlarged to include even data initially not intended to be donated. In this paper, we first of all investigated limitations inherent in both altruistic schemes from the perspective of alleviating starvation occasions for transactions in particular of short-lived nature. The idea of two-way donation locking(2DL) has then been experimented to see the effect of more than single donation in distributed database systems. Simulation experiments shows that 2DL outperforms the conventional two-phase locking in terms of the degree of oncurrency and average transaction waiting time.

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A Study on the Coordinate Estimate Algorithm of the Electromagnetic Induction Based Wired Tablet Device (전자기 유도 방식을 이용한 유선 태블릿의 좌표 측정 알고리즘 연구)

  • Hong, Dong-Goo;Ryu, Young-Kee;Oh, Chun-Suk
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.153-159
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, we deal with the coordinate estimate algorithm of the wired tablet device. In order to got the position of the electric pen on the tablet, electromagnetic induction effect is used. Most electric tablets have used the electromagnetic induction effect. Tracking the position of the pen on a tablet that is directly related with the performance of the device is very important. In this research, a new real time coordinate estimate algorithm is introduced. To estimate the position of the pen, the electromagnetic induced signals og the wired tablet are used.

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The Effects of Intention Inferences on Scarcity Effect: Moderating Effect of Scarcity Type, Scarcity Depth (소비자의 기업의도 추론이 희소성 효과에 미치는 영향: 수량한정 유형과 폭의 조절효과)

  • Park, Jong-Chul;Na, June-Hee
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.195-215
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    • 2008
  • The scarcity is pervasive aspect of human life and is a fundamental precondition of economic behavior of consumers. Also, the effect of scarcity message is a power social influence principle used by marketers to increase the subjective desirability of products. Because valuable objects are often scare, consumers tend to infer the scarce objects are valuable. Marketers often do base promotional appeals on the principle of scarcity to increase the subjective desirability their products among consumers. Specially, advertisers and retailers often promote their products using restrictions. These restriction act to constraint consumers' ability th take advantage of the promotion and can assume several forms. For example, some promotions are advertised as limited time offers, while others limit the quantity that can be bought at the deal price by employing the statements such as 'limit one per consumer,' 'limit 5 per customer,' 'limited products for special commemoration celebration,' Some retailers use statements extensively. A recent weekly flyer by a prominent retailer limited purchase quantities on 50% of the specials advertised on front page. When consumers saw these phrase, they often infer value from the product that has limited availability or is promoted as being scarce. But, the past researchers explored a direct relationship between the purchase quantity and time limit on deal purchase intention. They also don't explored that all restriction message are not created equal. Namely, we thought that different restrictions signal deal value in different ways or different mechanism. Consumers appear to perceive that time limits are used to attract consumers to the brand, while quantity limits are necessary to reduce stockpiling. This suggests other possible differences across restrictions. For example, quantity limits could imply product quality (i.e., this product at this price is so good that purchases must be limited). In contrast, purchase preconditions force the consumer to spend a certain amount to qualify for the deal, which suggests that inferences about the absolute quality of the promoted item would decline from purchase limits (highest quality) to time limits to purchase preconditions (lowest quality). This might be expected to be particularly true for unfamiliar brands. However, a critical but elusive issue in scarcity message research is the impacts of a inferred motives on the promoted scarcity message. The past researchers not explored possibility of inferred motives on the scarcity message context. Despite various type to the quantity limits message, they didn't separated scarcity message among the quantity limits. Therefore, we apply a stricter definition of scarcity message(i.e. quantity limits) and consider scarcity message type(general scarcity message vs. special scarcity message), scarcity depth(high vs. low). The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the scarcity message on the consumer's purchase intension. Specifically, we investigate the effect of general versus special scarcity messages on the consumer's purchase intention using the level of the scarcity depth as moderators. In other words, we postulates that the scarcity message type and scarcity depth play an essential moderating role in the relationship between the inferred motives and purchase intention. In other worlds, different from the past studies, we examine the interplay between the perceived motives and scarcity type, and between the perceived motives and scarcity depth. Both of these constructs have been examined in isolation, but a key question is whether they interact to produce an effect in reaction to the scarcity message type or scarcity depth increase. The perceived motive Inference behind the scarcity message will have important impact on consumers' reactions to the degree of scarcity depth increase. In relation ti this general question, we investigate the following specific issues. First, does consumers' inferred motives weaken the positive relationship between the scarcity depth decrease and the consumers' purchase intention, and if so, how much does it attenuate this relationship? Second, we examine the interplay between the scarcity message type and the consumers' purchase intention in the context of the scarcity depth decrease. Third, we study whether scarcity message type and scarcity depth directly affect the consumers' purchase intention. For the answer of these questions, this research is composed of 2(intention inference: existence vs. nonexistence)${\times}2$(scarcity type: special vs. general)${\times}2$(scarcity depth: high vs. low) between subject designs. The results are summarized as follows. First, intention inference(inferred motive) is not significant on scarcity effect in case of special scarcity message. However, nonexistence of intention inference is more effective than existence of intention inference on purchase intention in case of general scarcity. Second, intention inference(inferred motive) is not significant on scarcity effect in case of low scarcity. However, nonexistence of intention inference is more effective than existence of intention inference on purchase intention in case of high scarcity. The results of this study will help managers to understand the relative importance among the type of the scarcity message and to make decisions in using their scarcity message. Finally, this article have several contribution. First, we have shown that restrictions server to activates a mental resource that is used to render a judgment regarding a promoted product. In the absence of other information, this resource appears to read to an inference of value. In the presence of other value related cue, however, either database(i.e., scarcity depth: high vs. low) or conceptual base(i.e.,, scarcity type special vs. general), the resource is used in conjunction with the other cues as a basis for judgment, leading to different effects across levels of these other value-related cues. Second, our results suggest that a restriction can affect consumer behavior through four possible routes: 1) the affective route, through making consumers feel irritated, 2) the cognitive making route, through making consumers infer motivation or attribution about promoted scarcity message, and 3) the economic route, through making the consumer lose an opportunity to stockpile at a low scarcity depth, or forcing him her to making additional purchases, lastly 4) informative route, through changing what consumer believe about the transaction. Third, as a note already, this results suggest that we should consider consumers' inferences of motives or attributions for the scarcity dept level and cognitive resources available in order to have a complete understanding the effects of quantity restriction message.

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Finite-Time Nonlinear Disturbance Observer Based Discretized Integral Sliding Mode Control for PMSM Drives

  • Zheng, Changming;Zhang, Jiasheng
    • Journal of Power Electronics
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.1075-1085
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    • 2018
  • To deal with the operation performance degradation of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drives with uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics, this paper presents a finite-time nonlinear disturbance observer (FTNDO) based discretized integral sliding mode (DISM) composite control scheme. Based on the reaching-law approach, a DISM speed controller featuring a superior dynamic quality and global robustness against disturbances is constructed. This controller can avoid the reaching phase and overlarge control action. In addition, a sliding mode differentiator based FTNDO is devised and extended to the discrete-time domain for disturbance estimation. The attractive features of the FTNDO are that it can provide a finite-time converging estimation and alleviate the chattering effect in conventional sliding mode observers, while retaining robustness to parameter variations. By feeding the estimate forward to the pre-stage DISM controller, both disturbances and chattering can be significantly suppressed. Moreover, considering the estimation error of a FTNDO caused by discrete sampling, a stability analysis of the composite controller is discussed. Experimental results validate the superiority of the presented scheme.

A Design Method Reducing the Effect of Zeros of a Cascaded Three-Parameters Controller: The Characteristic Ratio Assignment Approach (종속형제어기의 영점의 영향을 고려한 저차제어기의 설계: 특성비지정 접근법)

  • Hua, Jin Li;Lee, Kwan-Ho;Kim, Young-Chol
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2005.10b
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    • pp.158-160
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    • 2005
  • This paper presents a new approach to the problem of designing a cascaded three-parameters controller for a given linear time invariant (LTD plant in unity feedback system. We consider a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and a first-order controller with specified overshoot and settling time. This problem is difficult to solve because there may be no analytical solution due to the use of low-order controller and furthermore. the zeros of controller just appear in the zeros of feedback system. The key idea of our method is to impose a constraint on the controller parameters so that the zeros of resulting controller are distant from the dominant pole of closed-loop system to the left as far as the given interval. Two methods realizing the idea are suggested. We have employed the characteristic ratio assignment (CRA) in order to deal with the time response specifications. It is noted that the proposed methods are accomplished only in parameter space. Several illustrative examples are given.

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A Design Method Reducing the Effect of Zeros of a Cascaded Three-Parameters Controller: The Characteristic Ratio Assignment Approach (종속형제어기의 영점의 영향을 고려한 3-파라미터 제어기의 설계: 특성비지정 접근법)

  • Jin Li-Hua;Lee Kwan-Ho;Kim Young-Chol
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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    • v.55 no.1
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    • pp.20-23
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    • 2006
  • This paper presents a new approach to the problem of designing a cascaded three-parameters controller for a given linear time invariant (LTI) plant in unity feedback system. We consider a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and a first-order controller with the specified overshoot and settling time. This problem is difficult to solve because there may be no analytical solution due to the use of low-order controller. Furthermore, the zeros of controller just appear in the zeros of feedback system. The key idea of our method is to impose a constraint on the controller parameters so that the zeros of resulting controller are distant from the dominant pole of closed-loop system to the left as far as the given interval. Two methods realizing the idea are suggested. We have employed the characteristic ratio assignment (CRA) in order to deal with the time response specifications. It is noted that the proposed methods are accomplished only in parameter space. Several illustrative examples are given.

Quantitative Analysis for the Expected Effect of Tractor Appointment System (컨테이너 반출예약제 기대효과의 계량적분석)

  • Kim, Woo-Sun;Choi, Yong-Seok;Ha, Tae-Young
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.403-407
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    • 2003
  • A basic concept of TAS(Tractor Appointment System), which not only enhances the terminal productivity, but also yields higher efficiency of domestic CT(Container Terminal), is developed in this paper for CT to more competitive and serviceable. To analyze the effects of TAS when applied to the existing four-tier CT, a quantitative analysis is performed. The results showed that the number of rehandling time of CT has been significantly decreased, the efficiency of CT increased, and the flow time of trucks in CT reduced in a great deal

A Study on the Scope of Effect in Arbitration Agreements (중재합의의 효력범위에 관한 고찰 - 대법원 2011.12.22. 선고 2010다76573 판결을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Yong-Kil
    • Journal of Arbitration Studies
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.1-35
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    • 2013
  • In the 21th century, its important role in international commercial disputes has established arbitration as the preferred form of dispute resolution. Because commercial disputes have become more complicated and varied with their quantitative increase, it is important that they be settled in a reasonable and rapid manner. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is now regarded as one of the most effective dispute resolution methods for the settling of commercial disputes and merits notice. Arbitration is a form of dispute resolution in which two parties agree to have their dispute resolved by one or more arbitrators and thereby avoid what could be costly and time-consuming court battles. Often contracts mandate that disputes be settled through arbitration. These arbitration clauses also frequently prohibit plaintiffs from banding together to bring an action on behalf of a larger class. An arbitration agreement is an agreement by parties to summit to arbitration all or certain disputes which have arisen or which may arise between them with respect to their defined legal relationship, whether contractual or not. According to the Supreme Court, general elective arbitration clauses may be considered valid in light of all the relevant facts. Arbitration has been the subject of a great deal of research and the scope of effect in arbitration agreements is a promising avenue for future research.

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