• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.18-36
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze Chinese randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the oral herbal medicine treatment for pediatric chickenpox. Methods We searched RCTs after 2000s from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Afterwards, the year of publication, demographic information, duration of chickenpox, intervention, treatment duration, outcome measure, results and adverse events were investigated and analyzed for this study. Results 21 RCTs out of 219 studies were collected and analyzed. Although each composition of the herbal medicine was different, they have common ingredients such as 清熱解毒, 散結消腫, 疏散風熱, 涼血解毒, 解表散風 in order to make efficacy of 清熱解毒, 散結消腫, 疏散風熱, 涼血解毒, 解表散風. The oral herbal medicine showed better efficacy and safety to improve clinical symptoms such as total efficacy, cure rate, antipyretic time, antipruritic time, scab time, anti-rash time, hospitalization period and herpes recovery time compared to the western medicine treatment. Conclusions These results show that the oral herbal medicine treatment on chickenpox in children may be more effective in reducing of clinical symptoms compared to the western medicine treatment.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.323-333
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of situational, clinical and psychsoical factors on treatment-seeking behavior among those with acute myocardial infarction(AMI). This study used a retrospective, descriptive design. The sample consisted of 72 patients aged over 30 and who were diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction at two large university-affiliated medical centers from July 1, 1998 to March 30, 2000. But of 72, patients 5 who were an outlier in treatment-seeking time were deleted. Data were collected by using questionnaires, which included demographic data, situational, clinical and psychosocial data. Also patient interviews and chart review were used to obtain information related to treatment-seeking time. The results of this study were summarized as follows ; 1. Mean time from the onset of AMI symptoms to arrival at the hospital was $12.09{\pm}11.44$ hours; 2. Treatment-seeking time was not significantly different by age, gender, or education; 3. Most(44 or 65.78%) patients were at home when they began having AMI symptoms. The remaining patients were either in a public area, workplace or in a car. Patients at home delayed longer than those who had their first symptoms elsewhere, but not significantly different. Also, most patients were with another person when they began to experience AMI symptoms: a spouse(25 or 37.3%), other family member(31 or 46.3%); the remaining 11 were alone. There were no significant differences in treatment-seeking time based on whether alone or with others. Most patients(46 or 68.7%) used an ambulance rather than taking private transportation, and patients who used an ambulance were delayed longer than those who used private transportation, but there were no significant differences; 4. Time to treatment-seeking was not significantly different by blood pressure, heart rate on admission and the peak CK-MB, CPK and Cholesterol level, Killips class; 5. There were no significant statistical differences in treament-seeking times by anxiety level, mood status or control ability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2007

The study was conducted to find out the harvesting time, storage duration, cold treatment and sterilization on seed germination of Miscanthus sinensis. The optimum harvesting time of the Miscanthus seed in native to Jeju island was December. And the seed germination passible 3 years after harvesting. When the seeds had cold treatment, seed germination nate was 74% rather than 63% of non-treatment. For seed sterilization treatment, soaking in solution of Benomyl 7% during from 3 hours to 12 hours germinated 9% over. But the non-treatment on 24 hours treatment reduced the seed germination of Miscanthus sinensis.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of solution treatment time and Sr-modification on the microstructure and property of the Al-Si piston alloy. It was found that as-cast microstructures of unmodified and Sr-modified Al-Si alloys consisted of a coarse acicular plate of eutectic Si, $Cu_3NiAl_6$ and $Mg_2Si$ phases in the ${\alpha}$-Al matrix but different in size and morphology. Both size and inter-particle spacing of Si particles were significantly changed by increasing of the solution treatment time. After a short solution treatment, the coarse acicular plate of the eutectic Si appears to be fragmented. Fully modified microstructure of Sr-modified alloy can reduce the solution treatment time to shorter compared to unmodified alloy. The maximum of a peak hardness value is found in the very short solution treatment of both Al-Si piston alloys. Compared to 10 h solution treatment, the solution treatment of 2-4 h is sufficient to achieve appropriate microstructures and hardness. The short solution treatment is very useful to increase the productivity and to reduce the manufacturing cost of the Al-Si piston alloys.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1153-1160
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• 2003

Purpose. 1) To identify the time taken from symptom onset to the arrival at the hospital (pre-hospital delay time) and time taken from the arrival at the hospital to the initiation of the major treatment (in-hospital delay time) 2) to examine whether rapid treatment results in lower mortality. 3) to examine whether the pre- and in-hospital delay time can independently predict in-hospital mortality. Methods. A retrospective study with 586 consecutive AMI patients was conducted. Results. Pre-hospital delay time was 5.25 (SD=10.36), and in-hospital delay time was 1.10 (SD=1.00) hours for the thrombolytic therapy and 50.24 (SD=121.18) hours for the percutaneous transluminal coronary angio-plasty (PTCA). In-hospital mortality was the highest when the patients were treated between 4 to 48 hours after symptom onset using PTCA (p=.02), and when treated between 30 minutes and one hour after hospital arrival using thrombolytics (p=.01). Using a hierarchical logistic regression model, the pre- and in-hospital delay times did not predict the in-hospital mortality. Conclusion. Pre- and in-hospital delay times need to be decreased to meet the desirable therapeutic time window. Thrombolytics should be given within 30 minutes after arrival at the hospital, and PTCA should be initiated within 4 hours after symptom onset to minimize in-hospital mortality of AMI patients.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.846-853
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• 2024

Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), which provides plant-based proteins and functional substances, requires a long soaking time during processing, which limits its usefulness to industries and consumers. To improve this, ultrasonic treatment using high pressure and shear force was judged to be an appropriate pretreatment method. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions of ultrasound treatment for the improved hydration of adzuki beans using the response surface methodology (RSM). Independent variables chosen to regulate the hydration process of the adzuki beans were the soaking time (2-14 h, X₁), treatment intensity (150-750 W, X₂), and treatment time (1-10 min, X₃). Dependent variables chosen to assess the differences in the beans post-immersion were moisture content, water activity, and hardness. The optimal conditions for treatment deduced through RSM were a soaking time of 12.9 h, treatment intensity of 600 W, and treatment time of 8.65 min. In this optimal condition, the values predicted for the dependent variables were a moisture content of 58.32%, water activity of 0.9979 a_w, and hardness of 14.63 N. Upon experimentation, the results obtained were a moisture content of 58.28 ± 0.56%, water activity of 0.9885 ± 0.0040 a_w, and hardness of 13.01 ± 2.82 g, confirming results similar to the predicted values. Proper ultrasound treatment caused cracks in the hilum, which greatly affects the water absorption of adzuki beans, accelerating the rate of hydration. These results are expected to help determine economically efficient processing conditions for specific purposes, in addition to solving industrial problems associated with the low hydration rate of adzuki beans.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1386-1397
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• 2020

Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of various treatments; bifocal spectacles, orthokeratology, atropine, and time spent in outdoors; in slowing down the myopia progression for Asian adolescents (6-18age). Methods: The research focused on examining the most effective treatment in controlling myopia based on the literature sources that have been published. Through meta-analysis of various research papers that already has been done in this field, a lot of data was collected. For each treatment, the difference in axial length and spherical equivalent over time was measured and recorded. To quantitatively record the difference, both axial length and spherical equivalent was determined by value of control group value of treatment group. The paper compared the effectiveness of each treatment based on the data that was measured. Results: Adolescents who chose to spend time outdoors in order to slow down myopia progression had axial length difference of 0.03 mm and spherical equivalent difference of 0.17 D. Adolescents that used atropine had axial length difference of 0.36 mm and spherical equivalent difference of 0.92 D. Bifocal spectacle resulted in axial length difference of 0.21 mm and spherical equivalent difference of 0.59 D, and for orthokeratology 0.23 mm and 0.04 D, respectively. Axial length wise, myopia was most controlled by the atropine since there was a greatest difference between the group that got the treatment and the group that did not have the treatment. According to the spherical equivalent difference data, myopia was most controlled by atropine. Conclusion: Atropine showed the most effective result in controlling myopia among the four treatment. Again, compared to other three treatment, using atropine appeared to have greatest ability in slowing down myopia progression since adolescents who were treated with atropine had greatest difference from adolescents in the control group that had the same condition but didn't get the treatment. However, every treatment was only used for 2 or 3 years which is quite short time period to measure the long term effect of the four treatments. Also, since atropine is a pharmaceutical method to control myopia, it may harm adolescents' eyes compared to optical or environmental treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.560-565
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• 2009

It is known that heat treatment decreases the hygroscopicity of wood. Thus heat-treated wood is good for outdoor construction due to its improved dimensional stability. This study is to investigate the hygroscopicity and discoloration of spruce and birch boards heat-treated above $190^{\circ}C$. The equilibrium moisture contents (EMCs) at all relative humidities decreased with the increase of heat treatment temperature and/or time for both spruce and birch. It was revealed that heat-treatment temperature affected more on the hygroscopicity thaan heat-treatment time. The average basic densities decreased for the spruce specimens, but increased for the birch specimens with an increase of the treatment time and/or temperature. The same heat treatment condition (190-8) made the birch specimens darker than the spruce specimens.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2021

Natural nonwoven silk fabric has attracted researchers' attention owing to its unique properties as a biomaterial. It is fabricated by reeling, wetting, and hot pressing natural silk filament from silkworm cocoons. In this study, silkworm cocoons were immersed in water at different temperatures for various durations to examine the effects of wet treatment on their crystallinity and morphology. As the treatment temperature and time increased, the cocoon's silk filament separation became more evident, and fibroin strands were observed in it. The crystallinity indexes of the silkworm cocoons increased until a treatment time of 2 h and remained constant thereafter. The increase in the crystallinity index using wet treatment was enhanced by increasing the treatment temperature. Although the weight loss of the silkworm cocoon was insignificant until 40℃, it was appreciable above this temperature, and the degree of weight loss constantly increased with increases in the treatment temperature and time.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2016

Background: Arthroscopic surgical repair is a better intervention than non-operative (conservative) treatment for patients with shoulder dislocations. This systematic review determined the numbers-needed-to-treat (NNT) and relative risk reduction (RRR) associated with arthroscopic surgical repair versus non-operative treatment in reducing recurrence rates among patients with first-time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations. Methods: We searched Google Scholar, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL from inception in 2015. All articles had to compare arthroscopic surgical repair and non-operative treatment and be written in English. We used the total number of subjects and the number of recurrent dislocations within each treatment to calculate the NNT and RRR for each study and the pooled data. Results: Six articles were selected and all clearly demonstrated that the arthroscopic surgical repair was more effective than non-operative treatment in reducing the recurrence episodes. The pooled NNT was 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]=NNT to benefit 1.50-2.13) and the pooled RRR was 86.0% (95% CI=77.0%-92.0%) among individuals who underwent arthroscopic repair. The average follow-up time was 56 months. Conclusions: A Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy level of evidence of 1 with a grade A recommendation supports the use of arthroscopic surgical repair over non-operative treatment in prevention of first-time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations. We suggest that sports medicine practitioners consider the patients' age, occupation, and physical activity level when making a clinical decision.