• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제7권1_2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 1980

Hysterosalpingograms (H.S.G.) have been done for several decades to determine causative factors in female infertility. However, the H.S.G. only reverals uterine cavity and tubal patency or inpatency. The author prefers to find more details in regard to the status and condition of the female reproductive organs and their surrounding tissue as they pertain to infertility. H.S.G. in combination with laparoscopic examination reveals the following results. Preparation and method of performance of H.S.G. during laparoscopy in a healthy reproductive age women are as follows. When laparoscopy is not contraindicated, NPO is ordered with routine bowel preparation. Analgesics administered by injection prior to procedure are valium 10mgs and pethidine 50-100mgs. The radiographic procedure is the same as for any HSG technique. During laparoscopy a solution of 3 to 10 ccs. of 60% hypaque sodium is used. Fluroscopic scout films are obtained A-P and oblique views as well as a delayed check film. 1. Age distribution of primary and secondary infertility in this studies involving tubal factors was as follows: 20-29 age group showed 46% incidence and in the 30-39 age group, 50% incidence. Duration of infertility in this study group was the following: 1-2 years showed 26.7%, 3-5 years 53.8%, and 6-9 years 13.3%. 2. Indications of laparoscopic examination were as follows: Secondary infertility in 35% of the cases, obscure tubal occlusion on previous H.S.G. in 25%, unknown origin in 11.7%, and the remaining cases included pelvic pain, small masses, dysmenorrhea, and uterine anomaly. The laparoscopic examination showed clearly the reproductive organs and the surrounding tissues in the pelvic cavity. The abnormal tubal findings there revealed were tuberculous salpingitis and hydrosalpinx in 10% each, endometriosis and peritubabl adhesions in 6.7% each, biconuate uterus in 3.3%. The remaining 58.3% of the cases showed normal findings. Laparoscopic observation for possible myoma nodules, streak ovary, and peritubal adhesions was also done at this time. 3. Comparative tubal findings in combined H.S.G. and laparoscopic examination revealed the following. Bilateral tubal occlusion was present in 14% (7cases) on laparoscopic examination but on H.S.G. 38% (19 cases) were noted. However, tubal occlusion and peritubal adhesions were found in 26% (13 cases) upon laparoscopy and only 8% (4 cases) on H.S.G. examination alone. Normal pelvic findings were present in 60% (27 cases).

• Wind and Structures
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.661-682
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• 2015

This study investigates the use of time-frequency coherence analysis for detecting and evaluating coherent "structures" of surface pressures and wind turbulence components, simultaneously on the time-frequency plane. The continuous wavelet transform-based coherence is employed in this time-frequency examination since it enables multi-resolution analysis of non-stationary signals. The wavelet coherence quantity is used to identify highly coherent "events" and the "coherent structure" of both wind turbulence components and surface pressures on rectangular prisms, which are measured experimentally. The study also examines, by proposing a "modified" complex Morlet wavelet function, the influence of the time-frequency resolution and wavelet parameters (i.e., central frequency and bandwidth) on the wavelet coherence of the surface pressures. It is found that the time-frequency resolution may significantly affect the accuracy of the time-frequency coherence; the selection of the central frequency in the modified complex Morlet wavelet is the key parameter for the time-frequency resolution analysis. Furthermore, the concepts of time-averaged wavelet coherence and wavelet coherence ridge are used to better investigate the time-frequency coherence, the coherently dominant events and the time-varying coherence distribution. Experimental data derived from physical measurements of turbulent flow and surface pressures on rectangular prisms with slenderness ratios B/D=1:1 and B/D=5:1, are analyzed.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 1992

To obtain the basic data for blood chemistry, the effects of the time elapse of serum separation on bovine blood chemical values were investigated. The results obtained are summerized as follows : 1. The constant fluctuation tendency and significance was not detected in GOT, GPT, BUN, Creatinine, ALP, CPX, Cholesterol, Ca, Mg and Pi. 2. Glucose showed the decrease tendency according to the time elapse of serum separation. As the values at 12 and 24 hours showed significant lower values than those at 1 and 2 hours (p＜0.01) it was thougth that separation time of serum should be focussed for the glucose determination.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.44-53
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• 1991

This paper is aimed to develop a Lanchester type combat model for the direct-fire engagement. This model incorporates number of combatants, inter-firing time, detection time by movement, detection probability by the signature of fire, where the inter-firing time and the detection time are assumed to follow a negative exponential distribution. The approach to modeling is as follows : in the process of an engagement, a combatant takes one of the states('observing' state or 'firing' state), a combatant is initially in the observing state, if the combatant detects a target, he changes his state from 'observing' to 'firing' and will cause attrition to the opposing forces. Thus this transition mechanism is embodied into the differential equation form with each transition rate. A limited examination of the validity has been conducted by comparison with the Monte-Carlo simulation model 'BAGSIM', and with a traditional Deterministic Lanchester model.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2020

Between May and November 2018, babesiosis was examined in 162 bloods samples obtained to an animal hospital in Jeju island for anemia and medical examination. Sixty-two of 162 (38.3%) were positive by PCR. The ultra fast real-time PCR test with blood directly analyzed without DNA extraction showed the same results. Accurate diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of babesiosis should be combined with clinical symptoms, blood tests, the babesia antibody test, and the PCR antigen test. Ultra fast real-time PCR, with these tests, is expected to be a point-of-care testing (POCT) for easy, fast and accurate diagnosis of babesiosis in the veterinary clinic.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 1999년도 PharmWorld
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• pp.30-60
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• 1999

In spite of many studies of The Korean Association of College of Pharmacy for improvement of the Korean pharmacy education and decrearing to change 4 year curriculum for pharmacy education to 6year curriculum from 1998 by The Ministry of Health and Wellfaire, there are many problems right now in view of the student-oriented education in front of the revolution program of The Ministry of Education. So the student-oriented reformation for pharmacy education in Korea was studied not only by observations of worldwide pharmacy education and pharmacy system, but also by 416 questionaires from many kinds of man and women such as pharmacists in drug store and hospital(159), administraters of The Ministry of Health and Wellfaire (59), professors in college of pharmacy (65), researchers in pharmaceutical company (31) and seniors in college of pharmacy(102).It shows that our Korean pharmacy education was a type of teacher-oriented education which is caused by the short time-education, a lots of subjects in the examination for pharmacy license and egoism of professors for their subjects, and so our teacher-oriented education have to change to the student-oriented education for the most function of pharmacist which is the pharmaceutical care for patients. For the preparing the clerkship/externship for one year, we have to change 4 year curriculum to 6 year curriculum for clinical pharmacy edu-cation, and also subjects of pharmacy in the national examination for pharmacy liciense have to reduce within 3-4 subjects of totally non-subject examination. The Korean Association of Collage of Pharmacy of Pan-pharmaceutical Revolution Association must purchase them and their program can be begun right now in spite of loss of the pharmacist supplement for 2 year and preparing the program of 6 years curriculum. Our teaching purposes of departments of pharmacy and manufacturing pharmacy were respectively clinical pharmacy, and development of new drug and compounding of many kinds of commercial drugs, but we have been not gone to their goals, respectively, because of short time-education for pharmacy as compared as world-wide pharmacy education containing the clerkship/externship and same twelve subjects in their examination for pharmacy license. Most function of pharmacist in Korea are the development of new drug, and social and administrative pharmacy in health care for patients, and so we have to teach them in the department of maunfacturing pharmacy.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.94-101
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• 1987

Enterobiasis is common helminthic infections found in man. But control of this disease is still troublesome because of its difficulty in the d diagnosis and prevention of infection. Considering the difficulty of accurate diagnosis of pinworm infection, which is very common and somewhat pathogenic, reevaluation of cellotape anal swab method for the diagnosis of enterobiasis was performed. A total of 147 children ranging the ages of 1-12 years in 3 orphanages in the suburbs of Seoul, Korea was subjected for this study. Repeated cellotape anal swabs were carried out against 70 children, 7 times for 3 days interval, in the morning 6am. Finally 10 mg/kg body weight pyrantel pamoates were given to all children including egg negative cases and whole stools of 3 following successive days were collected for the confirmation of residual worm ourden at the time of treatment. Cellotape anal swabs were also performed to another 77 children at 6am, 3pm, 9pm, twice for 3 days interval. The resultant findings were summarized as follows; 1) While the each time average detection rate of Enterobius egg was 28.8% in this study group, the accumulative detection rate up to 7th examination was 62.8%. The accumulative detection rate rose continuously up to 6th examination. 2) After administration of pyrantel pamoate 10 mg/kg body weight, final infection rate was increased to 72.9% by adding worm positive cases who didn't show any evidence of infection in the cellotape anal swabs. 3) Although pinworms were detected in 35 among 70 children treated, 7 cases (20%) of them were egg negative cases in 7 consecutive cellotape anal swabs. 4) Pinworms were expelleded in 14 (87.5%) among 16 children whose swab result was positive in the last examination which was done concurrently with drug administration. 5) Estimated infection rate calculated by best asymptotically normal estimate of Neuman from Moriya's modification revealed 71.5% similar to 72.9% of present results. 6) The result of anal swab performed at 6am was higher than that of 3pm or 8pm. In conclusion, cellotape anal swab method for Enterobius vermicularis infection was considered as method having relatively high positive accuracy. However to gain the reliable infection rate, at least 6 examination is required in the group with 25-30% infection rate by single swab. Moriya's modification of Neuman could be used efficiently in the mass control of this diease for the estimation of true infection rate of E. vermicularis in the sampled population.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2016

Purpose: As our population ages and becomes an elderly society the number of elderly care hospitals is rapidly increasing. Because physical functions and spatial perception in the elderly decrease with age, these hospitals require more systematic and intelligent space designs. The design of these spaces are even more complex because they must accommodate medical programs to treat various different diseases and ailments and also because there are many first time patients and irregular short term patients that seek out outpatient treatment services. Also by analyzing the spatial configuration systems and systematic relationships between each of the functional spaces of the outpatient treatment service departments for hospitals specialized in care for the elderly by focusing on the hallway and corridor systems of these hospitals, the according characteristics and trends were examined. Methods: Based on preceding research, the types of hallway and corridor systems of these hospitals were categorized into five types, including gallery corridors, middle corridors, hall-type, mixed type and cyclic type corridors, and into six types according to function including by medical diagnosis, patient registration, examination, administration and convenience and shared common space to derive any interconnecting relationships between the corridor systems. Also by comprehensively examining the types and combined utilization of the corridor types and the integration and the intelligibility of the space syntax, any trends within the corridor system were derived. The elderly care hospitals examined in this research study were twelve hospitals that opened after the year 2000 in Korea with more that 150 sick beds with areas larger than $1000m^2$ and with all outpatient medical service related rooms located entirely on a single floor of the hospital. Results: The following results could be confirmed based on this research study. 1) The spaces where medical diagnosis and examination occurred were adjacent, and the movement lines for first time patients and re-visiting patients were taken into consideration by separating the treatment space. 2) This research study confirmed that the larger the size of the hospital was, there were more detailed categorizations of treatment services and that there was a tendency for treatment areas to be separated and independent from examination areas. 3) There was a tendency for integration and intelligibility to decrease the more complex and diverse the combination of hall types designed into the corridor systems of these hospitals was. cyclic type corridors dramatically decreased the intelligibility of the corridor systems of these hospitals. 4) The priority rank of these spaces were confirmed to be highest in the order of registration, diagnosis, examination, treatment, administration and shared common spaces. However it was confirmed for the local integration that the diagnosis scope had the highest priority rank. Implications: There were exceptional cases confirmed where the number of unit spaces did not have an absolute effect on integration and intelligibility. These results can be interpreted to mean that this can be overcome through efficient architectural planning.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5153-5157
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• 2016

Objective: The benefits of screening and early detection of breast cancer, including reduced morbidity and mortality, have been well-reported in the literature. In 2011, a breast cancer screening program was launched in Meknes-Tafilalt region of Morocco. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early performance indicators of this program. Materials and Methods: This retrospective evaluative study was conducted between April 2012 and December 2014, in Meknes-Tafilalt region of Morocco. Several performance indicators of the breast cancer screening program were calculated: the compliance rate, the positivity rate, the referral rate, the cancer detection rate and the organizational indicators. Results: During 2012-2014, a total of 184,951 women participated in the breast cancer screening program. The compliance rate was 26%, the positive rate was 3.3%, the referral rate was 36.7%, and the cancer detection rate was 1.2 per 1,000 women. The median time between the date of clinical breast examination and the date of biopsy (or cyto-puncture) was 36 days. The median time between the date of positive mammography and the date of biopsy (or cyto-puncture) was 6 days. The median time between the date of clinical breast examination and the date of the first received treatment was 61 days. Conclusions: The program needs better monitoring, as well as implementation of quality assurance tools to improve performance in our country.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.139-153
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to consider the kinds and features of costume and fabrics of the early Koryo period which are mentioned in the records of costume system, royal presents and diplomatic articles at that time ranging from the reigns of king Gwangjong to king Gyeongjong and to king Seongjong. Findings of the study can be summarized as follows. In the 11th year of king Gwangjong's reign, the official costume system was established, which reflected the royal will to independence as an imperial nation. That system also became the basis of the official wage system in king Gyeongjong's reign. In the reigns of king Gwangjong and king Gyeongjong, the monarch granted official uniforms to persons who passed the state examination, directly connecting with new bureaucrats and strengthening the royal authority. Those uniforms were usually worn at a banquet where the monarch and subjects participate together in the early Koryo period. In the reign of king Seongjong, costume and fabrics were positive means of realizing political Confucianism as they were used for bureaucrats who advanced to official position through the state examination. Records issued at that time explain that the monarch presented costume and fabrics in an effort to getting along with officials and civilians of different classes as the state and the royal authority stabilized. Found in the records released in the reigns of king Gwangjong to king Seongjong, the kinds of costume or fabrics at that time include jikseongeuio, gap, yongeui, seupeui, gyegeum baekcheop, geumeunseon gyegeumpoyok and po. The techniques of manufacturing armors in the early Koryo period were probably advanced since the item was a craftwork presented to the court in the reigns of kings Gwangjong and Gyeongjong. Presumedly, baekcheop was a kind of hemp and po. Koryo's native hemp cloth.