• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.241-257
• /
• 2000

Rheumatoid arthritis as one of the chronic illness requiring management in long period of time puts great burden to patients, their family and society. For patients with chronic illnesses, providing a social support is important and the most important source comes from spouses. Therefore we assessed burden of husbands of female rheumatoid arthritic patients and also found out the factors affecting burden. The sample of study was 107 female rheumatoid arthritic patients and their spouses. The tool of assessing spouses' burden was the revised version of subjective and objective parameters developed by Montgomery et al.(1985). The results are as follows: 1. General characteristics of patients and spouses: The mean age of the patients was 48 years. Educational level of patients was high school 41.1%. The mean age of the spouses was 51years. Educational level of spouses was mostly high school(40.2%) and college(29.9%) graduate. The mean marital period was 23.4years. Average income per month was 1,609,000 won. The average duration since diagnosis was 9.4years. As a therapy, 67.3% chose standard drug therapy. Average rating of discomfort by patient was 3.05(range 1-5) and that of severity was 3.48 and that of dependency was 2.58. The husband's rating of their spouses disease severity was 3.68. 2. Husbands' burden: The average burden in subjective items was 21.61(range 6-36) and objective items was 35.24(range 10-60). The average of total burden was 56.59(range 16-96). 3. Husband's total burden correlated with patient's age, educational level of patients, therapy method, patient's level of discomfort, patient's severity, patient's level of dependence, husband's recognition of level of severity in statistical level. Husband's objective burden correlated with patient's age, educational level of patient, patient's level of discomfort, husband's recognition of level of severity. Husband's subjective burden correlated with patient's age, educational level of patients, therapy method, patient's severity, patient's level of dependence, husband's recognition of level of severity. 4. Linear correlation analysis on burden: The husbands' total burden is explained in 37 7% by husband's recognition of level of severity and husband's age. The husbands' objective burden is explained in 31.2% by patient's level of dependence, husband's age, husband's recognition of level of severity. The husbands' subjective burden is explained in 26.7% by husband's recognition of level of severity and patient's age. In conclusion, husbands' level of burden is affected by many factors and therefore nursing strategy for relieving burden of middle aged husbands should be individualized taking these factors into consideration.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.299-307
• /
• 1995

This study was surveyed concept and consumption for Instant foods by homemakers in Inchon city. The result of study were as follows. 1. In the view of integral numberized high, middle, low, high group reached 19.2%, middle was 50.2% and low showed 30.1%. As higher their ages up, the point was high. 2. Their concept of instant food is close to 'convenience' and 'time saving' but far from 'good for health', 'high nutrition' and 'safe sanitation'. 3. Divied into two groups with positive and negative, which proved their concept of Instant foods as 57.5% positively. Negative group which has negative concept for instant food has a good dietary pattern, Positive group which consists of low ages and high income showed positive attitute for instant fodds. 4. Consumption of bred, noodles and soybean sourecs is little bit higher than other items. Consumption by the group which has low ages, highly educated, having small number of children proved high percentage. Also, the group which has good dietary pattern showed low consumption of instant foods comparing to other group. 5. According to the relation between concept and consumption of the instant foods the group that conceives instant foods positive consumes higher than the group which has negative concept.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.323-341
• /
• 2011

In this study, the factor that affect use value of domestic public library was analysed. This study try to grasp the effect of various variables such as characteristics of the respondent and library through the measurement using CVM that extract the value by the user's statement. For this purpose, effective variables identified in the value measurement study of domestic and foreign public library was grasped and characteristics of the effective variables presented in the study examined. The factor influenced WTP representing library's value are the demographic characteristics such as gender, income, age and the using pattern such as frequency of use, time to visit. As to user's satisfaction and recognition, the recognition about librarian's satisfaction, place for resident's exchange, degree of financial support, culture-art volunteers are affecting depending on the service such as information, facilities and programs. The study comprehensively analysed the impact on the value measured by all types of public library in the nation and provided the information about property of value assessed by user according to region and scale. This information is expected to help the strategic policy making to enhance the value of library in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.11 no.8
• /
• pp.53-64
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted from the time when discussion of improvement and keeping heavy taxation on multiple home owners was began, experts who may express professional opinion such as realtors, tax accountants and revenue officers were picked up besides the direct interested parties such as single and multiple home owners. This study collected their various opinions regarding whether keeping the heavy taxation system on multiple home owners or not and the effect of it. As a result of the survey, people living in Seoul who owned more houses showed higher awareness about heavy taxation on multiple home owners, and people agreed more about abolishing the heavy taxation when they own more homes. From this study, it was found out that different recognition about heavier transfer income tax on multiple home owners of each person concerned and necessity of rearranging this uncertain condition of temporary regulation in the future. The tax law should be improved to supply clear policy signals to the market for recovery of housing transactions and supply expansion of jeonsei to monthly rental housing and managing of taxation policy which reflects taxpayers' opinion may correspond to more effective and fair taxation principle.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.125-135
• /
• 2021

Due to the lack of national consensus on the importance and value of the character industry and the lack of recognition of value as a national strategic industry, the development of the character industry is experiencing great difficulties. The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic effects of character industry in China to help establish policies and strategies for the character industry in the future. To this end, this study utilized the China 2017 Industrial Association Table. The analysis results are as follows. China's character industry has a lower production inducement effect than other industries with a column total of 3.45514, and a row total of 1.30015. This shows that China's character industry is still being produced by small and medium-sized companies with a low equity ratio. Second, in the character industry, the index of the sensitivity of dispersion representing the forward linkage effect is 0.01426 and the impact factor is 0.03790, which are all less than 1. Therefore, it can be said to be the final demand manufacturing type.Third, in China character industry's income induction is 0.47690 and the production tax induction effect is -0.04912. It can be seen that the character industry has less income induction and tax burden generated every time the final demand increases by one unit in the entire industry than in other industries.Despite the quantitative growth of the character industry in China, the impact on other industries is low and it is not playing a role as an income-generating industry. Structural improvement is needed for the qualitative development of China's character industry.

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.46
• /
• pp.177-211
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate how portal users recognize the role and function of the portal as a press. Furthermore, this study aims to analyze the pattern of portal news use among portal users and their recognition about replies to news. For this, we conducted online survey of 1,036 people aged from 15 to 45, who used portal site at least once a week. As a result, most users(70.8%) agreed that portal news played a role as a press with other media. In addition, six out of ten agreed that portal news set the agenda of society. These results suggest that portal users think highly of the social impact and responsibility of portal in society. However, about 40 percent of respondents said that they did not trust in information shown in replies to news and many replies to news were written by albeit. Six out of ten thought that replies to news were written by intention. Therefore, to manage the quality of replies to news is necessary to secure the credibility of portal news. As respondents use portal news often, they tend to think that portals are convenient to use and their social impact is very large, at the same time considering their sensation and commercialization. On the other hand, as portal users use the internet often, they tend to think that portals are convenient to use and their social impact is immense. However, there was no significant relationship between income and portal users' recognition of portals as the press.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.149-165
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the health status on the quality of life of the rural elderly, and to examine the conditional effect of socialsupport for that influence. 'Quality of life' used in this study was defined by unidimensional approach. The data were collected by conducting individual interviews with 296 rural elderly people aged 60 and the above who were living in one township of Kangwondo, between the time period of October and November 1995. The main findings are as follows: 1. Hierarchical regression analyses were carried out to examine the relative contribution of three set of variables on the quality of life. The first step, which included sociodemographic factors showed that the coefficient of determination (R$^{2}$) was 8% and income was a statisically significant variable. The second step, by adding health related factors, revealed that the R$^{2}$ was increased to 34% by 26% point and the degree of health recognition was the statistically significant variable. The third step, by projecting additionall social support related variables revealed that the R$^{2}$ was 42% 2. The conditional effect of social support was analyzed to examine the influence the health status has on the quality of life. The results are as follows: 1) The IADL and the degree of social contact interacted, resulting in that the higher degree of social contact boosted the stronger effect of IADL. 2) The effect of subjective health recognition on the quality of life is depended upon degree of family ontact. 3) The effect of eyesight on the quality of life is depended upon degree of satisfaction in social relation. The lower the degree of social support was, the bigger the influence of health related variables affecting quality of life became. This study explains that health status is a major factor in predicting the quality of life of the aged. Particularly the subjective health recognition was an important factor as the perception of quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.132-146
• /
• 1998

This Study was attempted to provide the basic data necessary in the development and introduction of Home Health Nursing System by investigating the recognition and attitude level of Home Health Nursing System. The data were collected by means of questionaires presented to 74 patients who had been admitted in C general hospital in Chon Ju, from June 30, 1997. As the tool for this study, the questionares developed by Kim Yong. Soon, et al (1990) and Han Bok Hee(1993) were modified and supplemented for the aim of this study. The computer was used for data analysis. The items about the charateristics of the subjects and the attitude to the management plan of Home Health Nursing System were represented as the frequency and percentage. The standard deviation and calculation average were produced on the items related to definition, recognition, necessity, expected effect of the attitude of Home Health Nursing System and the items related to admission. The ANOVA test was .used according to the characteristics of variables to analyze the necessity and difference of Home Health Nursing System. The results of this study were as follows 1) The general characteristics of the subjects were as follows ; for sex, man, $58.1\%$ ; for age, 50-59 years, $29.7\%$ ; for the level of education, high school, $51.4\%$ ; $79.7\%$ of them were married; for the family forms, small family, $73.0\%$ ; and $68.9\%$ of them take the monthly income over 100 million won. 2) The characteristics related to admissions of the subjects were as follows ; for clinic, surgical department, $78.4\%$ ; addmission not more then 7days, $47.3\%$ ; for the operation-performance $71.6\%$ of them were experienced; for the admission route, via outpatients clinic, $54.1\%$ ; for waiting period to the admission day, 1-2 days, $71.6\%$. 3) The difficulties comming from the hospitalization were related mostly to the factor that they felt hospital life more inconvenient than home.(3.66) The reasons for the difficulties in the admission which was due to insufficient beds in the hospital was related to the concentration to the general hospital because of 'The Whole National Medical Insurance System'(4.05). 4) On the previous informations about the Home Health Nursing System, those who have heard of only the name were 42 $(56.8\%)$, and on the recognition of it, they thought that it is periodic treatment by the licenced nurses for the recovering pateints after early discharge(3.73). On the attitude about the necessity of Home Health Nursing System, they thought that it is necessary because of the increasing trend of a psychological disease by the change of environment and complexity of the social structure(4.24). On the expected effect of Home Health Nursing System, they answered that it is convinient for the family of the patient to take care of them(4.l8). 5) On the attitude to the management plan of the Home Health Nursing System, those who had intention to participate in the system in the case of systemic support were 42(56.8). In the visiting time, 'visit periodically' and 'visit when the patient needs' were $28(37.8\%)$ respectively. For the application of medical insurance, if possoble, they will use $(91.9\%)$; for the method of payment for the treatment, 'pay by the time required' was $23(31.1\%)$, for the subject of management, 'National public institute must operate' was $33(44.6\%)$. 6) The relationship between the general characteristics of the subjects and the necessity of Home Health Nursing System showed the notable difference in the age (F=3.508, P<0.05) and marrage state (F=5.402, P<.023).

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 2013

In these days, agricultural products are regarded as a core income source in tourism villages. Nevertheless, poor packaging of agricultural products has threatened the competitiveness and quality of products. For farmers, it is less likely to employ individual designer for developing and improving their packages due to low accessability to rural villages and budgets. Based on this background, this study conducted 'Charrette' in order to improve agricultural product packaging. The target village was 'Goraday' in Gangwon province. This study consisted of different steps for building and implementing proper 'Charrette' programs. Then, it also conducted empirical investigation about the effectiveness and efficiency of 'Charrette'. 'Charrette' has made progress as follows; first step was concerned with advance preparation for constructing program. Second, implementation of 'Charratte' included data collection and analysis, and development of design. Third, evaluation and feedback stage have given presentation and discussion about suggested design with local residents. Empirical investigation about the effectiveness and efficiency of 'Charrette' has been composed with survey and interview targeting participants. In survey and interviews, designers were asked about their attitudinal changes in relation to knowledge, recognition, function, motivation, and satisfaction toward 'Charrette' and 'agricultural product package design' before and after participating the event. The results showed that knowledge and perception of designers toward 'agricultural product package design' have positively increased. In addition, it revealed that designers were satisfied with collaborations with others and their contribution to rural community business. However, the results also suggested that sufficient preparation time/schedules and opportunity to meet other and farmers before events would be required to have better communication and understanding in relation to their tasks and role distribution. Furthermore, it is also required for designers to hold relationship with local community in order to actualize their packaging design.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of project selection procedures such as information provision and transparency and project application conditions such as required documents and conditions on the satisfaction of agricultural subsidy support policy and re-application intention to support pig farmers in Jeju. The results of analysis are summarized as follows. First Need to improve the satisfaction of the business selection procedure rather than to relax the business application conditions in order to improve the satisfaction of the subsidy support business. Second, Need to improve the satisfaction of the business selection procedure rather than to relax the business application conditions in order to increase the subsidy re-application intention through the income increase effect by the subsidy support project. It is shown that the efforts to improve the satisfaction of the selection process can improve the satisfaction of the subsidy support project as well as re-application intention at the same time. Therefore, It is necessary to focus on improving the satisfaction of the project selection process, such as providing information and reflecting opinions on the subsidy project.