• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 1998

Work-related Low Back Pain(LBP) is one of tile most important Issues in the field of industrial safety and health. Particularly, manual lifting is known as a major cause of work-related LBP and impairment. Total number of 163 manual lifting tasks in motor assembly processes were investigated. The 1981 and the 1994 equations developed by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) were applied to evaluate potential hazards of lifting-related LBP. Comparisons between the 19R I and 1994 NIOSH criteria were made. The relationships between the NIOSH criteria and lifting-related LBP were also analyzed. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The values of Action Limit(AL) by the NIOSH 1981 lifting equation. Recommended Weight Limit(RWL) by the 1994 equation and the weight of the load handled at each manual lifting task were shown log-normal distributions. 2. LI'(the weight of tile load/AL) and LI(the weight of the load/RWL) were calculated estimate the physical stress imposed by each individual lifting task. As a result. 76.7% of the total LI' value exceeded 1 and 12.9% exceeded 3, and 84.7% of the total LI values exceeded 1 and 20.9% exceeded 3. 3. Bus 2 Department showed the highest rate of LI'>1 and LI>1 and Bus 1 Department showed the highest rate of LI'>3 and LI>3 4. In general, the RWLs by the 1994 equation were found lower than the ALs by the 1981 equation. It is assumed to he resulted from the fact that the 1994 equation includes methods evaluating asymmetrical lifting tasks and lifts of objects with less then optimal hand-container couplings, and also covers a larger range of work durations and lifting frequencies than the 1981 equation. 5. Significant correlations were found between LI' and incidence of LBP (R=0.734, p<0.05). LI and incidence of LBP(R=0.671. p<0.10) and load-weights and incidence of LBP(R=0.797, p<0.05). 6. Control measures are required to achieve the value of LI less than 1 for some tasks having high LI values. Engineering control is highly recommended for some tasks having the value of LI above 3.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.355-362
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• 2019

연구개발 자원이 절대적으로 부족했던 과거 우리나라 국가연구개발사업에는 이른바 선택과 집중이라는 전략이 설득력을 얻어 왔으며, 이 전략은 지금도 여전히 유효한 논리이다. 그러나 정부출연연구소(출연연), 대학 등 다양한 연구수행주체가 등장하고, 이들의 연구역량이 성숙한 현재의 상황에서 연구수행주체의 구분 없이 이 전략을 획일적으로 적용할 수만은 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국가연구개발사업을 수행하는 주체들에게 배분된 연구비 집중도를 분석함으로써 선택과 집중이 어떻게 작용해왔는지 확인하고자 한다. 2002년부터 2016년까지 국가연구개발과제를 수행한 연구주체에게 배분된 연구비 규모를 기준으로 집중도를 측정했고, 타일 지수를 이용하여 전체 국가연구개발사업을 개별 연구수행주체가 보유한 집중도로 분해하였다. 그 결과 전체 국가연구개발 시스템을 구성하는 하위 요소인 대학, 출연연 등이 보유한 집중도 및 이들의 기여를 분석할 수 있었다. 집중도 결과에 따르면 출연연의 연구비 집중도가 가장 높았으며, 대학이 그 뒤를 이었다. 그러나 10년 전에 비하면 두 주체 모두 집중도는 다소 완화된 것으로 드러났다. 반면, 중소기업의 경우 집중도가 높은 편은 아니나 일정한 수준을 꾸준히 유지해 오고 있었다. 즉, 대학과 출연연은 기관 간 연구비 배분에 편차가 줄어드는 경향이었는가 하면, 중소기업은 고르게 배분하는 방식이 주요했던 것이다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.447-463
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the histomorphological changes and the electrophoretic patterns of egg components, obtained from 100 of 2-year-old female catfishes (Silurus asotus). Female Korean catfishes collected in the vicinity of Chollabukdo have synchronous ovaries which discontinously ovulate eggs during the breeding season (from late May until early July). The fishes were killed by severing the spinal cord just posterior to the head after immobilization with tricaine methanesulfonate (MS 222). Especially, the light microscopic and ultrastructural changes of ooplasm and follicular membranes of oocytes, were examined by means of light and transmission electron microscopy. The size of the nucleoli and number of the yolk granules increased as the oocyte groved. Yolk granules were deposited in the oocyte as fluid Due to tile presence of large early and late maturing oocytes, their ovaries were enlarged, transparent, granular and greenish in color. As the percentages of fish in late maturing oocyte (LMO) and ripe oocyte (RO) stage increased from March to April, mean gonadosomatic index (GSI) values (19.95%) increased. Zona radiata changed from squamous into cuboid in shape in the early maturing oocyte (EMO) stage. Processes, microvilli, from the zona radiata and from the oocyte grow, and make contact with each other in the pore canals of the zona radiata during vitellogenesis, but are withdrawn as the zona radials becomes more compact and devoid of pore canals during oocyte maturation. Seasonal changes in the microscopic appearance of the ovaries were well correlated with those in both gonadosomatic index and macroscopic appearance. The main cytological changes such as increase in size of cell, nucleus, nucleolus, and increase in number of nucleoli and mitochondria demonstrated with electron microscopy in the previtellogenic oocytes of Korean catfish, provided evidences for important synthetic processes in an early preparatory phase of oocyte development. The electrophoretic pattern of major band in mature stage was much thicker (24 k, 66 k, 90-110k dalton) than that in previtellogenic phase.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.386-393
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• 1997

This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of different dietary lipids on the risk factors of coronary vascular disease(CVD) in ovariectomized rats. female rats of Sprague-Dawley stram were divided into sham-operated(sham) and ovariectomized(ovx) groups and then each group was divided into a beef fallow group, a soy bean oil group and a fish oil group. After 16 weeks of feeding on experimental diets, animals were sacrificed and blood, liver, kidney and perirenal fat pad were obtained. Food intake and weight gain of fish oil group were significantly lower than other dietary lipid groups. food intake and weight gain tended to be higher in ovx groups than in sham groups. The weight Index(g/100g body weight) of liver and kidney was higher in the fish oil group than the other groups and weight index was lower in ovx groups compared to sham groups. The weight of the perirenal fat pad was the highest in the beef tallow group and the lowest in the fish oil group. The fish oil group showed the lowest total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels in serum. Serum TG levels were lower in all ovx groups than in sham groups, but serum TC levels were not influenced by ovariectomy. fatty acid composition of serum reflects the recent dietary Intake of fat. Linoleic acid content was tile highest in soy bean oil group and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) contents were the highest in fish oil group. fatty acid composition of adipose tissue, especially EPA and DHA contents in perirenal fat pad, was highest in the fish oil group. Saturated fatty acid(SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) in serum and adipose tissue did not reflect fatty acid intake. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, a lipogenic enzyme, in the blood of the beef tallow and soybean oil groups showed the tendency to be high and that of the fish oil group to be low in ovx. Carnitine acetyltransferase, a lipolytic enzyme, showed the highest activity in the liver of the fish oil group and was least active in the soy bean oil group.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.555-562
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• 2006

컴퓨터애니메이션은 영상, 음향, 기획, 아이디어를 활용할 수 있는 종합예술이다. 국내의 기술은 다른 나라에 비해 결코 뒤지지 않지만 창의력이나 내용면에서 아직 뒤쳐진다는 점을 감안하여 본 논문은 기술보다는 기획단계의 중요성을 고지하고 형식에 얽매이지 않는 자기만의 애니메이션을 제작할 수 있는 나레이티브 애니메이션을 소개하고자 한다. 디지털 애니메이션 산업에서 성공적인 작업은 전문적인 기술 그 이 상을 요구한다. 즉, 창의적인 통제, 경의로운 감각, 무한한 상상력을 필요로 한다. 비길바 없는 이 실무의 프로그램은 전통적이고 창의적이고 정통한 기술을 아울러 가지고 소프트웨어 기술자가 아닌 디지털 아티스트를 계발해야 한다. 특히 3D애니메이션과 게임에만 치중한 요즘 나레이티브 애니메이션의 특성을 인식하여 새로운 형식 질 높은 애니메이션 제작이 필요하다고 본다. 따라서 본 논문은 디지털 애니메이션 교육에 지표를 제시함으로써 많은 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 1992

A floor system have played a major part in the living in Korean house. It is an essential element in the residential houses. Uufortunately, a design method of the floor heating system for the human thereat comfort has not established in Korea system. This paper aims to review the previous researches to find the issue for the futher study of comfort floor heating design. The following results were obtained: 1) Nevins et at conducted experiments on the effect of the comfortable of floor and air temperatures on the psychological responses by a large number of subjects. Its objective was to find the combined condition to obtain thermal comfort for sedentary posture.7here has never been researches regarding a sitting Person on the heated floor. 2) Some investigation in Japan on the effect of floor heating system on a sitting person on the floor have been conducted for these years, but they are net based on the human heat balance but on only psychological responses. 3) Hirayama et al developed an indication method of the effect of heat conduction on the sedentary person.4) There are few researches on the human thermal comfort compared whth indoor environmental researches on mechanical controls in Korea. Thus, the further study on the followings in needed the estimaiing of heat conduction between tile hunman body and a floor, developing an index expressed the combined effect of convection, radiation and conduction and its associated experiments.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2006

Objectives : Waist circumference (WC) is the best simple anthropometric index of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and obesity-related health risks. We measured WC and other anthropometric indices to assess relationships between the abdominal fat distribution and Sasang constitution. Methods : 196 participants who completed a QSCC II were measured some anthropometric indicies - height, weight and WC. Collected data were stratified by sex and analysed by oneway analysis of variances among constitutional groups. Results : In men, there were significant differences in weight, BMI and WC among Constitutional groups (p<0.001). In women, there were significant differences in weight and BMI, but there were no significant difference in WC among Constitutional groups. Conclusions : There was a significant relationship between taeumin men md abdominal chesty. But, in women, there was no clear relationship between abdominal obesity and participant's constitution.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1973

An attempt was made to study circulatory and respiratory responses to the passive tilt. Anesthetized dogs were tilted from horizontal to upright $(+90^{\circ})$ and head down $(-90^{\circ})$ position. The arterial blood pressure was decreased in the upright position and was decreased slightly in the head down position comparing to that in the horizontal position. Cardiac index also decreased in the both upright and head down positions. The total systemic vascular resistance was slightly increased in the upright position and was markedly increased in the head down position. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was significantly decreased in the both upright and head down positions. The total pulmonary vascular resistance was decreased in the both upright and head down positions. Oxygen consumption was slightly decreased in the upright position, whereas it was slightly increased in the head down position. The A-V $O_2$ difference (vol. %) was slightly increased in the upright position and increased in the head down position. From the above results, process of the circulatory compensation to the gravity in the Passive tilting test was discussed. Neuronal cardiovascular regulation to the gravity and tile adaptation of capacitance vessles to hydrostatic stress and oxygen consumption concerning anoxic endurance of the brain were also discussed.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.509-516
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• 2003

In tile design of base isolation system for building and short-span bridge, shift of the natural period of the structure is main objective. But, most long-span bridges such as a cable-stayed bridges have a number of long-period modes due to their flexibility and small structural damping. thus the design concept of base isolation system for building and short-span brigde may be difficult to use directly to these structures. However, the effectiveness of LRB for cable-stayed bridges is indicated by Ali and Abdel-Ghaffar. In this study, the design procedure and guidelines of LRB for a seismically excited cable-stayed bridge are investigated. The design properties of LRB are chosen that the design index(DI) is minimized or little changed for variation of properties. This result show that the stiffer rubber and bigger lead core size are need to cable-stayed bridges. And the seismic performance of designed LRB is also investigated. The consequences show that the perforamnce of designed LRB is better than that of Naeim-Kelly mettled designning LRB for general building structures. Moreover, the design properties of LRB are researched to several diffrent dominant frequency of earthquake. The results present that the plastic and elastic stiffness of LRB are affected by the dominant frequency of earthquake.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2014

In this study, we have investigated the maximum smoke density and the initial stage smoke density in order to see the characteristics of smoke release of the architectural surface materials and the architectural adhesives, using smoke density chamber. As a result of the study, polyurethane foam showed the highest smoke density index, 206.55 within 10 min. In the case of the other samples, reinforced styrofoam was followed as 39.90, general styrofoam 33.73, and glass fiber 5.40, respectively. In the intial stage of a fire, it is forecasted actually to give hardship at the clear visibility. In the case of architectural adhesives, the highest ranking was those for windows and doors 509.64, stone 275.63, wood 232.25, tile 18.65, and styrofoam 6.44 were followed, respectively. This result is an early research to show characteristics of smoke release through experiment. However, it is meaningful that this study can be used as a basic for further study on architectural fire hazard prediction.