• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.789-795
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• 2010

This study aimed to investigate the effect of differing heel height on static balance and muscle activation of ankle joint during standing. Twenty-one young females volunteered to participate in this study. To measure balance function and EMG activity of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles, the subjects were asked to perform 1-min standing with eyes open and closed state under 3 different heel heights: barefoot, 3cm, and 7cm each. During the standing, postural sway distance and area, and EMG activity of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles were significantly augmented with increasing heel height (p<0.05). For comparison between eyes open and closed in terms of postural sway area and EMG activity of tibialis anterior muscle, barefoot and 7cm height conditions respectively showed significant differences as well. The findings indicate that high-heeled shoes may have disadvantages in maintaining balance function because of extra-muscular effort of ankle joint. This study provides useful information that will inform future studies on how heel height affects muscle activity around the ankle joint in aspects of static and dynamic balance.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study was to examine changes in muscle activity of lower extremity shoes sole form (high heels, shoes with curved out sole, house shoes). METHODS: The subjects of this study were 12 women in their twenties. They put three kinds of shoes (high heels, shoes with curved out sole, house shoes) and walked 5m. The muscles activities of lower extremity muscles (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medial part) were measured using a wireless electromyogram (EMG). Rectus femoris was attached to 1/2 position at the distance between ASIS and knee bone and vastus medials was attached to 2cm from upper inside of knee bone. Tibialis anterior was attached to 75% position above line connecting knee joint and ankle joint and gastrocnemius medial part was attached to 3 5% position above knee joint and ankle. RESULTS: It was found that there were significant differences in changes of muscles activities of lower extremity muscles (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medial part) on shoes sole forms (p<.05). All lower extremity muscles were showed high muscles activities, when high heels wear (p<.05). Wearing shoes with curved out sole was showed high muscle activity of tibialis anterior and lower muscle activity of gastrocnemius medial part compared with wearing house shoes (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Shoes sole form should be considered when patients with knee and ankle joint problems choose shoes because muscles were showed different activities according to shoes sole forms.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study analyzed how proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) combined with auricular acupuncture affected the activation of the leg muscles of stroke patients and measured the effects of this combination to provide clinical data. METHODS: The subjects were divided randomly into experimental group I, which received PNF combined with auricular acupuncture, and experimental group II, which received PNF alone. Each group had ten members. A 30-minute intervention was performed four days a week for six weeks. Before the six weeks of intervention, pre-tests were conducted to measure muscle activation in the legs. After six weeks, post-tests were also conducted to measure muscle activation in the legs. RESULTS: Experimental group I showed a statistically significant difference in muscle rectus femoris, muscle biceps femoris, muscle tibialis anterior, and muscle soleus. Experimental group II also showed a statistically significant difference in the muscle rectus femoris, muscle biceps femoris, muscle tibialis anterior, and muscle soleus (p < .05). In a between-group comparison of the changes, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of muscle rectus femoris, muscle biceps femoris, muscle tibialis anterior, and muscle soleus (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Intervention in experimental group I increased the activation of the leg muscles more effectively because auricular acupuncture was applied to various spots on the ear corresponding to the spleen, liver, kidney, pelvis, knee, ankle, and toe. Auricular acupuncture is expected to be used more widely in the future because it is a safe way of stimulating muscle activation.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 편평발을 가진 자를 대상으로 Low-dye 테이핑과 발 내재근육 강화 운동이 한 발 서기 동안 앞정강근, 장딴지근, 긴종아리근의 근육활성도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 대상자는 편평발을 가진 20대 성인 16명이며, Low-dye 테이핑(LTG; n=8) 및 발 내재근육 강화 운동(FSG; n=8) 그룹으로 나누었다. 각 그룹은 해당되는 중재를 주 2회 6주간 실시하였다. 앞정강근, 긴종아리근 및 안쪽 장딴지근의 근육 활성도를 측정하였다. 중재 전·후 근육활성도의 변화를 비교하기 위하여 반복된 이원 배치 분산분석을 실시하였다. 근육활성도 측정 결과, LTG에서는 모든 근육에서 실험 전·후 사이에 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). FSG에서는 실험 전·후 사이에 앞정강근에서만 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). 따라서, Low-dye 테이핑과 발 내재근 육강화 운동은 편평발 환자에게 효율적인 하지 근육 활동에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2017

Background: To determine the effect of proprioceptive exercise(PE) on muscle activation and balance of healthy subjects. Methods: 20 subjects were randomly assigned to proprioceptive exercise(PE, n=10) and general exercise group(GE, n=10). To measure muscle activation of the lower limb and balance. For evaluation of muscle activation(Tibialis anterior, Gastrocnemius lateral and medial head), the Electromyogram was used, and balance was measured using the one-leg standing test, OLST. Results: Tibialis anterior(TA), Gastrocnemius medial head(GM) and Gastrocnemius lateral head(GL) muscle activations were significantly (p<0.05) improved in PE group and GE group. and significantly difference between groups(p<0.05). Regarding balance, eye open and close OLST were significantly (p<0.05) increased in PE group and GE group. and significantly difference between groups(p<0.05). Conclusion: Proprioceptive exercise can improve muscle activation of the lowe limb and balance in subjects.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high heeled shoes on the static & dynamic balance performance and electromyography(EMG) of back and lower extremity muscles. Materials & Methods : Sixteen women participated in this study. Subjects were composed two groups with LL shoes group and higher heel shoes group. We carried out Romberg's test and muscle activity of left and right Paraspinalis, Quadriceps femoris, Tibialis anterior, Gastrocnemius muscles by EMG in order to determine static balance performance according heel height. Using by Biorescue(Incenierie company), we trained subject to transfer of COG each direction(Anterior, posterior, Right, Left), we carried out this test for distance, surface, distance/surface in order to determine dynamic balance performance according heel height. The data were analyzed by independent t-test between lower and high heel height using SPSS(ver. 17.0)/PC program. Results : There was significant difference of distance(p<.05) of weight perturbation between lower and high group in dynamic balance performance and EMG value of left Gastrocnemius(p<.05), both Tibialis anterior(p<.05) muscle in static balance performance. Conclusions : Height of heel has effect on dynamic balance performance in distance of the Anterior, posterior direction. EMG of Gastrocnemius and Tibialis anterior muscles were affected by Romberg's test.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2007

When an active muscle is stretched, its steady-state isometric force following stretch is greater than that of a purely isometric contraction as the corresponding muscle length, referred to as force enhancement (FE). The purpose of this study was to investigate possible effects of muscle architecture on the FE. While subject performed maximal isometric dorsiflexion (REF) and isometric-stretch-isometric dorsiflexion (ECC) contractions, ankle joint angle and dorsiflexion torque using a dynamometer and electromyography of the tibialis anterior and the medical gastrocnemius muscles were measure. Simultaneously, real-time ultrasound images of the tibialis anterior were acquired. Regardless of the speed of stretch of the ECC contractions. the torques produced during the isometric phase following stretch ($37.3{\pm}1.5\;Nm$ ($10{\pm}3%$ FE) and $38.3{\pm}1.5$ ($12{\pm}3%$ FE) for the ECC contractions with $15^{\circ}$/s and $45^{\circ}$/s stretch speeds, respectively) were greater than those of the REF contractions ($34.5{\pm}2.5\;Nm$). Moreover, the amount of FE was found to be stretch speed dependent. Angles of pennation ($\alpha$) during the isometric phase following stretch were the same for the REF ($15{\pm}1^{\circ}$) and the ECC ($14{\pm}1^{\circ}$(LS), $15{\pm}1^{\circ}$(LF)). During the same phase, muscle thicknesses were the same ($14.9{\pm}0.6$, and $14.9{\pm}0.5\;mm$ for the REF and the ECC contractions, respectively). For a large limb muscle, the tibialis anterior muscle, a similar amount of force enhancement was observed as did for other human skeletal muscles. Architectural variables, pennation angle and thickness, were not systematically different between the REF and ECC contractions when FE occurred. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that muscle architecture may have little influence on the production of FE.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2019

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to obtain detailed and quantified data concerning the effects of plantarflexor fatigue induced to the non-paretic side on muscle activities of the bilateral lower extremities during walking in chronic stroke patients. METHODS: In this study, chronic stroke patients were evaluated for six months after the onset of stroke. To induce the non-paretic plantarflexor fatigue, 20 chronic stroke patients were asked to perform their given fatigue affecting assignments, which were presented in a forced contraction fatigue test method, until the range of motion of the plantarflexor was reduced to less than 50%. The muscle activities of the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius in the paretic and non-paretic lower extremities were measured using a wireless surface EMG before and after muscle fatigue induction. RESULTS: The findings showed that after plantarflexor fatigue was induced on the non-paretic side, a significant decrease in muscle activities of the rectus femoris on the paretic side was noted (p<.05). The muscle activities of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius were also observed to decrease, but, these results were not statistically significant (p>.05). In the non-paretic side, there was a significantly decrease in the muscle activities of the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These finding suggest that the muscle fatigue of the non-paretic plantarflexor affects not only the muscle activity of the ipsilateral lower extremity but also the muscles activity of the contralateral lower extremity. This highlights the necessity of performing exercise or training programs that do not cause muscle fatigue in clinical aspects.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in the dynamic balance and leg muscle activity of adults in their 20s with or without shoes. Methods: In this study, seven male and 11 female university students in their 20s were randomized to determine the order of being with or without shoes, and the dominant foot was supported on the central platform of dynamic balance according to the order procedure. Using the opposite foot, the distance of leg stretching in the anterior, posterior medial, and posterior lateral directions and the muscle activity of the supporting leg were measured. Muscle activity measurement sites were attached to the dominant vastus medialis oblique muscle, vastus lateral oblique muscle, tibialis anterior muscle, peroneus longus muscle, and lateral gastrocnemius muscle. Results: As a result of this study, the distance of leg stretching was significantly increased in the anterior, posterior medial, and posterior lateral directions when barefoot rather than when wearing shoes (p < 0.05). The muscle activity of the vastus medial and lateral oblique muscles was significantly increased in all three directions when barefoot rather than when wearing shoes (p < 0.05). The muscle activity of the tibialis anterior was significantly increased in the anterior direction when barefoot (p < 0.05), the peroneus longus muscle was significantly increased when it was barefoot in the posterior medial direction (p < 0.05), and the lateral gastrocnemius muscle activity significantly increased when barefoot in the posterior direction (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The movement of the legs is freed when barefoot as compared to when wearing shoes, and being barefoot can effectively activate muscle activity and improve balance ability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of open kinetic chain (OKC) exercise for the gastrocnemius (GCM) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles on static and dynamic balance and muscle strength. Methods: We recruited 21 healthy participants, dividing them into 3 groups (GCM, TA, and non-exercise). Each group contains 7 participants. Two exercise groups (GCM and TA) performed OKC exercise with elastic bands twice per week for 4 weeks, while non-exercise group did nothing. We obtained the data for static and dynamic balance and muscle strength before and after the intervention. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare and analyze the pre-post-intervention differences among the groups. Results: For static balance, the stability index of the TA group was the lowest for the dynamic platform (p<0.05). The dynamic balance of the TA group increased for the anterior and posteromedial directions (p<0.05). The peak torque increased in the TA group for dorsiflexion (D/F) movement and in the GCM group for plantar flexion movement compared with the other groups, except for the left direction during D/F (p<0.05). Conclusion: OKC exercises with elastic bands were effective for selectively increasing muscle strength. It is clinically thought that strength training for TA muscles will be effective among the muscles of the ankle.