• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.575-580
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• 2010

The microstructure and positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) characteristics of 0.1 mol%$Na_2Ti_6O_{13}$ doped $0.94BaTiO_3-0.06(Bi_{0.5}Na_{0.5})TiO_3$ (BBNT-NT001) ceramics sintered at various temperatures from $1200^{\circ}C$ to $1350^{\circ}C$ were investigated in order to develop eco-friendly PTCR thermistors with a high Curie temperature ($T_C$). Resulting thermistors showed a perovskite structure with a tetragonal symmetry. When sintered at $1200^{\circ}C$, the specimen had a uniform microstructure with small grains. However, abnormally grown grains started to appear at $1250^{\circ}C$ and a homogeneous microstructure with large grains was exhibited when the sintering temperature reached $1325^{\circ}C$. When the temperature exceeded $1325^{\circ}C$, the grain growth was inhibited due to the numerous nucleation sites generated at the extremely high temperature. It is considered that $Na_2Ti_6O_{13}$ is responsible for the grain growth of the $0.94BaTiO_3-0.06(Bi_{0.5}Na_{0.5})TiO_3$) ceramics by forming a liquid phase during the sintering at around $1300^{\circ}C$. The grain growth of the BBNT-NT001 ceramics was significantly correlated with a decrease of resistivity. All the specimens were observed to have PTCR characteristics except for the sample sintered at $1200^{\circ}C$. The BBNT-NT001 ceramics had significantly decreased $\tilde{n}_{rt}$ and increased resistivity jump with increasing sintering temperature at from $1200^{\circ}C$ to $1325^{\circ}C$. Especially, the BBNT-NT001 ceramics sintered at $1325^{\circ}C$ exhibited superior PTCR characteristics of low resistivity at room temperature ($122\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$), high resistivity jump ($1.28{\times}10^4$), high resistivity temperature factor (20.4%/$^{\circ}C$), and a high Tc of $157.9^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2009

This study investigated sensitivity of the gas sensor to chemical weapons with the sensor material doped with catalysts. The nano-sized SnO2 powder mixed with metal oxides (TiO2) was doped with transition metals(Pt, Pd and In). Thick film of nano-sized SnO2 powder with TiO2 was prepared by screen-printing method onto Al2O3 substrates with platinum electrode and chemical precipitation method. The physical and chemical properties of sensor material were investigated by SEM/EDS, XRD and BET analyzers. The measured sensitivity to simulant toxic gas is defined as the percentage of resistance of value equation, [(Ra-Rg)/$Ra\;{\times}100$)], that of the resistance(Ra) of SnO2 film in air and the resistance(Rg) of SnO2 film in acetonitrile gas. The best sensitivity and selectivity of these thick film were shown with 1wt.% Pd and 1wt.% TiO2 for acetonitile gas at the operating temperature of $250^{\circ}C$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1038-1042
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• 2008

Mono and multilayer TiO2(Fe, $PEG_{600}$) films were deposited by the dip-coating on $SiO_2$/glass substrate using sol-gel method. In an attempt to improve the antibacterial properties of doped $TiO_2$ films, the influence of the iron oxides and polyethilenglycol ($PEG_{600}$) on the morphological, optical, surface chemical composition and biological properties of nanostructured layers was studied. Complementary measurements were performed including Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with the fractal analysis, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and antibacterial tests. It was found that different concentrations of Fe and $PEG_{600}$ added to coating solution strongly influence the porosity and morphology at nanometric scale related to fractal behaviour and the elemental and chemical states of the surfaces as well. The thermal treatment under oxidative atmosphere leads to films densification and oxides phase stabilization. The antibacterial activity of coatings against Escherichia Coli bacteria was examined by specific antibacterial tests.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.959-962
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• 2001

In this study, the piezoelectric and dielectric properties and Temperature stability of resonant frequency with MnO$_2$doped 0.36Pb(Sc$_{1}$2/Nb$_{1}$2/)O$_3$- 0.25Pb(Ni$_{1}$3/Nb$_{2}$3/)O$_3$-0.39PbTiO$_3$(hereafter PSNNT) were investigated. The tetagonality of crystal structure was developed with increasing MnO$_2$additive content. With increasing MnO$_2$additive content, the electromechanical coupling factor and quality factor were increased. Electromechanical coupling k$_{p}$ and quality factor Q$_{m}$ at MnO$_2$doped with 2.0mol% were showed highest value of 55.6% and 252. In the case of specimen for MnO$_2$doped with 2mol%, temperature dependance of resonant frequency had a good properties.ies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.91-92
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• 2007

An anomalous positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity (PTCR) was investigated in a ferroelectric lead-free perovskite-type compound $(Bi_{0.5}Na_{0.5})TiO_3$ within $BaTiO_3$-based solid solution ceramics. The effect of $Nb_2O_5$ content on the electrical properties and the microstructure of (1 - x) $BaTiO_3-x\;(Bi_{0.5}Na_{0.5})TiO_3$ (BNT) ceramics made using a conventional mixed oxide process also has been studied. The Curie temperature was obviously increased with the increasing of $(Bi_{0.5}Na_{0.5})TIO_3$ content. The Nb - doped BNT ceramics (x=0.01) display low resistivity values of $10^{1{\circ}}C-10^{2{\circ}}C$ ohm.cm at room temperature and the Curie Temperature of $T_c=160^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.372-377
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• 2013

Machinable SiC ceramics are prepared with the addition of $Al_2TiO_5$. Ready-to-press SiC and $Al_2TiO_5$ powders are mixed and pressureless sintered at $1750^{\circ}C$ and $1850^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. The weight ratios of the SiC and $Al_2TiO_5$ powders are 100 : 0, 100 : 10, and 100 : 20. After sintering, only SiC peaks are detected in the X-ray diffraction analyses. The density, strength, and grain size of the SiC increase with increases in the $Al_2TiO_5$ content and sintering temperature. The $Al_2TiO_5$-doped specimens are easy to micro-hole machine. Based on the density and strength data, the ceramics sintered at $1850^{\circ}C$ can be used as machinable ceramics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2008

The positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) effect in (1-x)$BaTiO_3$ - $x(Bi_{0.5}K_{0.5})TiO_3$ doped with $Nb_2O_5$ was investigated. $(Bi_{1/2}K_{1/2})TiO_3$ (BKT) is more environment-friendly than $PbTiO_3$ in order to use in PTC thermistors. The incorporation of 1 mol% BKT to $BaTiO_3$ increased the Curie temperature (Tc) to $148^{\circ}C$. Doping of $Nb_2O_5$ to $Ba_{0.99}(Bi_{0.5}K_{0.5})_{0.01}TiO_3$ (BaBKT) ceramic has enhanced its PTCR effects. For the sample containing 0.025 mol% $Nb_2O_5$, it showed good PTCR properties; low resistivity at room temperature (${\rho}_r$) of 30 $\Omega{\cdot}cm$, a high PTCR intensity of approximately $3.3\times10^3$, implying the ratio of maximum resistivity to minimum resistivity (${\rho}_{max}/{\rho}_{min}$) in the measured temperature range, and a large resistivity temperature factor (a) of 13.7%/$^{\circ}C$ along with a high Curie temperature (Tc) of $167^{\circ}C$. In addition, the cooling rate of the samples during the sintering process had an influence on their PTCR behavior. All the samples showed the best ${\rho}_{max}/{\rho}_{min}$ ratio when they have cooled down at a rate of $600^{\circ}C$/min.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.182-185
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• 2012

N-doped $TiO_2$nanotubes have been newly prepared by two stage sol-gel and strong-alkali hydrothermal process using $TiCl_4$ and hydrazine/ammonia aqueous solution as raw materials. These nanotubes revealed a well developed anatase crystalline phase and perfect nanotube morphology with the diameter around 10nm and the wall thickness below 3 nm. Also, they showed a superior visible light activity and yellowish color due to the light absorption redshifted by ~35 nm and ~25 nm compared to undoped $TiO_2$ nanotubes and anatase nanoparticles, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.45.2-45
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• 2002

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.119-123
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• 2005

$0.10Pb(Sb_{1/2}Sn_{1/2})O_3-0.25PbTiO_3-0.65PbZrO_3$ specimens doped with $ MnO_2\;(0.18\;mol\%)$ and $Y_2O_3\;(0\~0.4\;wt\%)$ were fabricated by the mixed-oxide method. All specimens showed the typical XRD patterns of a perovskite polycrystalline structure and the lattice constant decreased with increasing amount of $Y_2O_3$. The relative dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the specimens doped with $0.2\;wt\%\;Y_2O_3$ were 704 and 0.0201, respectively. The remanent polarization, the coercive field and the pyroelectric coefficient of the specimen doped with $0.2\;wt\%\;Y_2O_3$ were $10.88\times10^{-2}Cm^{-2},\;11.12\times10^2kVm^{-1}$ and $5.03\times10^{-4}Cm^{-2}K^{-1}$ at $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. The figures of merit, $F_V$ for the voltage responsivity and $F_D$ for the specific detectivity, of the specimen doped with $0.2\;wt\%\;Y_2O_3$ were the good values of $3.04\times10^{-2}\;m^2C^{-1}\;and\;1.50\times10^{-5}\;Pa^{-1/2}$, respectively.