• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.333-336
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• 2012

The study to give electrical conductivity by dispersing carbon nanotubes (CNT) into silicon nitride ($Si_3N_4$) ceramics has been carried out in recent years. However, the density and the strength of $Si_3N_4$ ceramics were degraded and CNTs disappeared after firing at high temperatures because CNTs prevent $Si_3N_4$ from densification and there is a possibility that CNTs react with $Si_3N_4$ or $SiO_2$. In order to suppress the reaction and the disappearance of CNTs, lower temperature densification is needed. In this study, $HfO_2$ and $TiO_2$ was added to $Si_3N_4-Y_2O_3-Al_2O_3$-AlN system to fabricate CNT-dispersed $Si_3N_4$ ceramics at lower temperatures. $HfO_2$ promotes the densification of $Si_3N_4$ and prevents CNT from disappearance. As a result, the sample by adding $HfO_2$ and $TiO_2$ fired at lower temperatures showed higher electrical conductivity and higher bending strength. It was also shown that the mechanical and electrical properties depended on the quantity of the added CNTs.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.257-264
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• 2017

Film of new Ti-15Zr-5Nb alloy formed during galvanic anodizing in orthophosphoric acid solution was characterized by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman micro-spectroscopy. Its anticorrosive properties were determined by electrochemical techniques. The film had a layer with nanotube-like porosity with diameters in 500-1000 nm range. The nano layer contained significant amounts of P and O as well as alloying element. Additionally, Raman micro-spectroscopy identified oxygen as oxygen ion in $TiO_2$ anatase and phosphorous as $P_2O_7{^{4-}}$ ion in phosphotitanate compound. All potentiodynamic polarization curves in artificial Carter-Brugirard saliva with pH values (pH= 3.96, 7.84, and 9.11) depending on the addition of 0.05M NaF revealed nobler behavior of anodized alloy and higher polarization resistance indicating the film is thicker and more compact nanolayer. Lower corrosion rates of the anodized alloy reduced toxicity due to less released ions into saliva. Bigger curvature radii in Nyquist plot and higher phase angle in Bode plot for the anodized alloy ascertain a thicker, more protective, insulating nanolayer existing on the anodized alloy. Additionally, ESI results indicate anodized film consists of an inner, compact, barrier, layer and an outer, less protective, porous layer.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2010

Tissue engineering has been enhanced by advance in biomaterial nature, surface structure and design. In this paper, I report specifically vertically aligned titania ($TiO_2$) nanotube surface structuring for optimization of titanium implants utilizing nanotechnology. The formation, mechanism, characteristics of titania nanotubes are explained and emerging critical role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is reviewed. The main focus of this paper is on the unique 3 dimensional tubular shaped nanostructure of titania and its effects on creating epochal impacts on cell behavior. Particularly, I discuss how different cells cultured on titania nanotube are adhered, proliferated, differentiated and showed phenotypic functionality compared to those cultured on flat titanium. As a matter of fact, the presence of titania nanotube surface structuring on titanium for dental applications had an important effect improving the proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro, and enhancing the bone bonding strength with rabbit tibia over conventional titanium implants in vivo. The nano-features of titania nanotubular structure are expected to be advantageous in regulating many positive cell and tissue responses for various tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.123-123
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• 2003

나노튜브는 반도체 재료로서 뿐만 아니라 다른 분야로까지 다양한 응용범위를 가진 물질로서 기존에는 주의 탄소를 사용하여 제작, 사용되어지고 있으나 게이트옥사이드(Gate Oxide) 물질인 지르코니아(ZrO$_2$), 타이타니아(TiO2$_2$) 등을 이용한 나노튜브는 많이 제작되어지고 있지 못하다. 따라서 보다 나은 성질을 갖는 물질로서 나노튜브를 제작할 시 반도체 재료에서의 고집적화를 통해 좋은 성질을 갖게 할 수 있으며 여러 분야로까지 확대가 가능한 재료를 사용하여 광학 및 환경분야 등 응용범위를 넓힐 수 있다. 본 실험은 나노튜브 제작에 있어서 템플레이트의 구멍 내부를 ALD 기술을 이용하여 균일한 두께를 갖는 금속 산화물층을 성장시킨 후 템플레이트 재료의 식각을 통해 금속산화물 나노튜브가 남아있게 하여 제작하는 방법이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.175-175
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• 1999

Circumventing problems lying in the conventional lithographic techniques, we devised a new method for the fabrication of nanometer scale metal wires inspired by the unique characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Since carbon nanotubes could act as masks when CNT-coated thin Au/Ti layer on a SiO2 surface was physically etched by low energy argon ion bombardment 9ion milling), Au/Ti nano-wires were successfully formed just below the CNTs exactly duplicating their lateral shapes. Cross-sectional analysis by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the edge of the metal wire was very sharply developed indicating the great difference in the milling rates between the CNTs and the metal layer as well as the good directionality of the ion milling. We could easily find a few nanometer-wide Au/Ti wires among the wires of various width. After the formation of nano-wires, the CNTs could be pushed away from the metal nano-wire by atomic force microscopy, The lateral force for the removal of the CNTs are dependent upon the width and shape of the wires. Resistance of the metal nano-wires without the CNTs was also measured through the micro-contacts definted by electron beam lithography. since this CNT-based lithographic technique is, in principle, applicable to any kinds of materials, it can be very useful in exploring the fields of nano-science and technology, especially when it is combines with the CNT manipulation techniques.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.412-419
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• 2022

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of cyclic pre-calcification treatment on the improvement of bioactivity and osseointegration of Ti-6Al-4V mini-screws. Methods: The experimental groups were: an untreated group (UT), an anodized and heat-treated group (AH), and an anodized treatment followed by cyclic pre-calcification treatment group (ASPH). A bioactive material with calcium phosphate was coated on the mini-screws, and its effects on bioactivity and osseointegration were evaluated in in vitro and in vivo tests of following implantation in the rat tibia. Results: As a result of immersing the ASPH group in simulated body fluid for 2 days, protrusions appearing in the initial stage of hydroxyapatite precipitation were observed. On the 3rd day, the protrusions became denser, other protrusions overlapped and grew on it, and the calcium and phosphorus concentrations increased. The removal torque values increased significantly in the following order: UT group (2.08 ± 0.67 N·cm), AH group (4.10 ± 0.72 N·cm), and ASPH group (6.58 ± 0.66 N·cm) with the ASPH group showing the highest value (p < 0.05). In the ASPH group, new bone was observed that was connected to the threads, and it was confirmed that a bony bridge connected to the adjacent bone was formed. Conclusions: In conclusion, it was found that the surface treatment method used in the ASPH group improved the bioactivity and osseointegration of Ti-6Al-4V orthodontic mini-screws.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.306-306
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• 2007

The surface was transformed to porous titanium oxide by the anodization of pure titanium. Titanium was anodized in non-aqueous and aqueous electrolytes at different potentials between 5 V and 150 V. Various electrolytes were compose of ethylene glycerol, $H_2SO_4,\;NH_4F\;and\;H_2O$. We obtained titania nanotube arrays on the micro pore of titanium. Micro pores and nano tubes were obtained by anodization at high potentials and low potentials, respectively. Morphologies of nanotubes and micro pore were characterized by FE-SEM. The unique surface structure is very attractive to electrical and medical applications such as gas sensor, biosensor, dental implant and stent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.146-146
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• 2017

산화비스무트는 리튬이온과의 반응에서 현재 상용화된 그래파이트보다 높은 이론용량을 가지고 있으나, 리튬이온과의 반응에서 비교적 큰 부피팽창 특성을 가져 리튬이차전지의 음극재로서 상용화가 어려운 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는, 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 양극산화법을 통해 충 방전시 부피팽창 변화가 매우 적은 타이타니아 나노튜브를 제조한 후, 그 위에 스프레이 방법으로 산화비스무트를 코팅하여 두 물질의 복함체를 만듦으로써 용량과 구조적 안정성을 향상시키는 방법을 소개한다. 음극재의 구조적 특성은 고분해능 주사전자현미경 (HR-SEM), 고분해능 엑스선 회절분석기(XRD)를 통해 조사하였으며, 전기화학 임피던스 분광법 (EIS), 순환전류법 (CV), 충 방전 싸이클 분석을 통해 리튬이차전지의 작동원리와 보다 향상된 성능을 규명하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.510-510
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• 2007

Titanate nanotube(TNT)는 높은 비표면적과 우수한 물리화학적 특성을 가지고 있어 광촉매, 수소 저장재료, 태양전지용 전극재료 등에 적용되고 있다. 또한, 티타네이트 나노튜브는 전자 이동이 원활한 구조적 특징을 가지고 있어 리듐 이차전지용 호스트 재료로서 많은 연구가 진행 중이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 저온균일침전법으로 제조한 루틸상 $TiO_2$ 분말에 Lithium chloride를 1~10wt%를 동시에 첨가한 후 10M의 sodium hydroxide 수용액 내에서 수열합성하여 리튬이 도핑된 티타네이트 나노튜브를 제조하였다. 제조된 분말의 입자형상 및 크기는 전자주사 현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였으며, X-선 회절분석을 이용하여 리튬 첨가에 따른 결정상 변화를 관찰하였다. 또한 리튬이 도핑된 티타네이트 나노튜브의 전기화학적 특성 평가를 위해 양극 활물질 : 도전제 : 바인더를 75 : 20 : 5의 비율로 혼합한 후 coin cell을 제조하였고, potentiostat를 이용하여 용량 측정 및 cycle 특성을 실시하였다. 수열 합성법에 의해 형성된 입자는 직경 10nm, 길이 수 ${\mu}m$로 관찰되었으며, X-선 회절 시험 결과 LiO와 같은 이차상은 발견되지 않았다. 측정된 coin cell의 용량은 240mAh/g을 나타내었으나, 싸이클 특성이 빠르게 저하됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.05b
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• pp.836-839
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• 2011

염료감응형 태양전지의 상대전극으로 MWCNT(multi-walled carbon nanotube)의 농도 (0.01~0.06g)를 달리하여 FTO(fluorine-doped tin oxide) glass에 분산시켜 상대전극을 만들었다. 그리고 glass/FTO/$TiO_2$/Dye(N719)/electrolyte(C6DMII,GSCN)/MWCNT/FTO/glass 구조를 가진 0.45$cm^2$급 DSSC(dye-sensitized solar cells) 소자를 만들었다. 소자의 미세구조, 분산정도, 광특성은 각각 광학현미경, SEM, source measure unit (Keithley model 2400) 장비를 이용하여 확인하였다. MWCNT 농도 증가와 FTO의 거친 표면형상에 따라 비선형적으로 MWCNT 분산면적이 증가하였고, MWCNT 농도 0.06g일 때 FTO 표면에 전체적으로 MWCNT가 완전히 분산됨을 확인하였다. 소자의 광변환 효율은 MWCNT 분산면적에 비례하는 효율을 보였고, MWCNT 분산농도인 0.06g 일 때 4.49%의 광변환 효율을 얻을 수 있었다.