• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.157-160
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• 1992

Unusual surface impurity levels of PREPed Ti-51at%Al powders were analyzed using Auger spectroscopy and they were compared with these obtained from bulk starting electrode. Oxygen and carbon contents were varied very much with particle size. Powder surfaces were believed to be mainly covered by a complex compound containing Ti, Al, O, and C. The decrease in contents of oxygen and carbon of powders were attributed to the certain refining reaction of transfer type DC Ar plasma during the powder production.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.290-298
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• 2019

$TiO_2$-particles containing Co grains are fabricated via thermal hydrogenation and selective oxidation of TiCo alloy. For comparison, $TiO_2$-Co composite powders are prepared by two kinds of methods which were the mechanical carbonization and oxidation process, and the conventional mixing process. The microstructural characteristics of the prepared composites are analyzed by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scattering electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the composite powders are sintered at $800^{\circ}C$ by spark plasma sintering. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the sintered samples prepared by thermal hydrogenation and mechanical carbonization are found to be higher than those of the samples prepared by the conventional mixing process. Moreover, the microstructures of sintered samples prepared by thermal hydrogenation and mechanical carbonization processes are found to be similar. The difference in the mechanical properties of sintered samples prepared by thermal hydrogenation and mechanical carbonization processes is attributed to the different sizes of metallic Co particles in the samples.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.246-251
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• 2001

The $[(Pb_{1-x}$La_{2x/3})TiO_3$, X=0.2] powder was synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and their sintering and dielectric properties according to Mn additive were examined. The relative density of sintered PLT specimen at $1150^{\circ}C$ for 5 hrs with Mn 0.02 mol% additive was 96.7%. The dielectric properties of sintered PLT specimen were changed by content of Mn and increacement of sintering temperature. Dissipation factor was improved by increasing of measuring temperature. Curie temperature of sintered PLT specimens was decreased with increasing of Mn additive.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2017

$TiO_2$ films, thickness of $1{\sim}30{\mu}m$ were deposited on glass substrate at room temperature by room temperature granule spray in vacuum. The starting powder was calcinated at $600^{\circ}C$ for 4 h using $Al_2O_3$ crucible in the furnace. The particle size of the $TiO_2$, $1.5{\mu}m$ was measured by a particle size analyzer. The effect of different process parameters such as number of pass, gas flow rate and feeder voltage was studied. As the number of passes increased, the film thickness increased proportionally due to adequate kinetic energy conserved. The effect of three different flow rates (i.e. 15, 25, and 35 LPM) on deposited film was investigated. As gas flow rate increased, the film thickness increased up to 25 LPM and then decreased. Higher feeder voltage with low flow rate of 15 LPM resulted in unsufficient coating thickness due to insufficient kinetic energy. Microstructure of $TiO_2$ films was investigated by scanning electron microscope and high resolution tramission electron microscope.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.427-431
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• 2011

Hybrid $SiO_2-TiO_2$ photoelectrode with different type of layers was investigated in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Use of a thin layer of nanocrystalline $TiO_2$ would imply reduction in the amount of dye coverage, however, lower amount of dye in the thin films would imply fewer electron generation upon illumination. So, thus, it becomes necessary to include a $SiO_2-TiO_2$ layer for increase light harvesting effect such that the lower photon conversion due to thin layer could be compensated. In this paper reports the use of transparent high surface area $TiO_2$ layer and an additional $SiO_2-TiO_2$ layer, thus ensuring adequate light harvesting in these devices. The best solar conversion efficiency 6.6% under AM 1.5 was attained with a multi-layer structure using $TiO_2$ layer/$SiO_2-TiO_2$ layer/$TiO_2$ layer for the light harvesting and this had resulted to about 44% increase in photocurrent density of dye-sensitized solar cells.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.594-602
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• 1998

Titanium hydroxide (TiO({{{{ {OH }_{2 } }})) fine particles were produced by the reverse micelle technique. For the formation of titanium hydroxide (TiO({{{{ {OH }_{2 } }})) particles with the technique reversed micellar solution was prepared by solubilizing water into organic solvent (isooctane) with a surfactant and titanium alkoxide (tetraisopropyl orthotitanate) diluted with isopropyl alcohol was added to the reversed micellar solution. The hdrolyzed species (TiO({{{{ {OH }_{2 } }})) was formed by the hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide and titanium dioxide is then formed by the condensation of the hydrolyzed species. There are several process variables such as surfactants concentration of surface cosurfactant hydrolysis temperature and pH. In this work the ef-fects of process variables on paticle shapes particle size distribution and paticle agglomeration were bi-nodal for an anionic surfactant(AOT) in the whole range of temperature pH and surfactant concentration of this experiment. The addition of ethanol as a cosurfactant resulted in narrow particle size distribution of the experiment. The additiono of ethanol as a cosurfactant resulted in narrow particle size distribution and 0.12${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of smaller average particle diameter. FT-IR spectrum of particles shows the absorption peak of Ti-OH bonding and Ti-O bonding. An exothermic peak around 41$0^{\circ}C$ in TGA-DTA curve shows that crys- tallized anatase phase appears and completely transits to anatase around 45$0^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.1209-1210
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• 2006

A novel sintering process is proposed for bonding of $BaTiO_3$ and $Al_2O_3$ layers. Common commercial glass was used and infilterated among filler particles. As the kind of commercial glass, the phenomenon of the infilteration is different. Although Sud-1140 glass forms a glass/filler composite, it is not completely infilterated into the filler particles at $900^{\circ}C$. However as the increase of sintering temperature the infilteration of glass was improved. In this study, GA-1 and GA-12 glasses were infilterated the more than Sud-1140 glass. However, they are reacted by $BaTiO_3$ layer. The results of the experiment show that constrained sintering and the co-firing of the different materials were possible for glass infilteration using Sud-1140 glass at $1000^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.103-103
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• 2003

대기나 물에 용해된 여러 가지 유해한 유기물을 분해하기 위한 방안으로서 다양한 광촉매 재료를 이용하려는 시도가 진행되고 있다. 하지만 광촉매 반응은, 현탁액 내에서 submicrometer 크기를 갖는 반도체재료에서 발생하므로 처리된 폐수로부터 촉매를 제거해야 하는 정제공정 (downstream process)이 필요하며, 이는 경제적인 측면에서 큰 경비를 요구하게 된다. 이를 해결 하기 위하여, 가장 우수한 광촉매 재료로 평가받는 TiO$_2$를 glass beads, sands, silica gel등의 물질에 고정시키거나, TiO$_2$를 자성 입자에 코팅시킨 형태인, 자성 광촉매입자를 응용하려는 연구가 최근 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 광촉매의 고정화와 재활용 효율을 향상시키기 위하여 TiO$_2$ 나노입자를 y-Fe$_2$O$_3$ 나노입자의 표면에 코팅하여 나노입자의 큰 비표면적을 활용하고 미세구조를 제어하여 입자간의 고정특성과 자기적 특성의 제어기술을 확립하고자 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.947-954
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• 2002

HCl concentration and reaction time are the decisive factors in determining the structure of precipitates in the process of synthesis of $TiO_2$ particles from aqueous $TiOCl_2$ solution by precipitation and the volumetric proportion of brookite phase in $TiO_2$ particles can be controlled by these two factors. As reaction rate increases with increase of reaction temperature, the reaction time, at which maximum volumetric proportion of brookite phase in $TiO_2$ particles was obtained, was reduced. The brookite was transformed directly to rutile phase with only increase of reaction time. And precipitation was delayed with increase of HCl concentration because the amount of $H_2$O, which is necessary source of oxygen for conversion of $Ti^{+4}$ to $TiO_2$, was relatively reduced with increase of that. Brookite in the mixture phase powder was finally transformed to rutile phase via anatase through heat-treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1146-1149
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• 2000

표면윤활층 처리와 540 MPa 까지의 진공가압성형을 통하여 나노 TiO$_2$과립 분말의 가압성형공정에서 나타나는 접합압력을 확인하였으며, 접합압력 상하에서 제조된 시편의 소결특성을 $700^{\circ}C$ 등온 소결을 통하여 분석하였다. 접합압력 이상에서 가압성형한 성형체를 $700^{\circ}C$에서 48시간 소결하여 96%의 높은 소결밀도와 112 nm의 평균 결정립 크기를 얻었다.