• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.260-265
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• 2010

STD 61 steel has been widely used for tools, metallic mold and die for press working because of its favorable mechanical properties such as high toughness, and creep strength as well as excellent oxidation resistance. The STD 61 tool steel coated with TiN and ZrN by sputtering results in improvement of wear and corrosion resistance. In this study, surface characteristics of TiN and ZrN film coated STD 61 by sputtering were studied by using FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, and XRR and nanoindentation tests. From the results of surface characteristics of coated specimen, the ZrN coated surface showed finer granular than that of TiN coated surface. The coated layer structures of ZrN and TiN were grown to (111) and (200) preferred orientation. From the results of XRR test for surface roughness, density and growth rate of coating film, surface roughness and growth rate of ZrN coated film revealed lower values those of TiN coated film, whereas density of ZrN coated film showed higher values than that of TiN coated film. From the nanohardness and elastic modulus test, nanohardness value and elastic modulus of ZrN coated film became higher than those of TiN coated film.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.289-293
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• 2010

To investigate the corrosion behavior of tools steel surface in various coating film, the surface of hard coated Ti-Zr-N film on the tool steel by using magnetron-sputtering methods was researched using various experimental methods. STD 61 steels were manufactured by using vacuum furnace and solutionized for 1hr at $1050^{\circ}C$. Steel surface was coated with Ti-Zr-N film at $150^{\circ}C$ and 100W for 1h by using DC-sputtering equipment. Surface characteristics of Ti-Zr-N film coated specimens were investigated by OM, XRD, FE-SEM and nano-scratch tester. And corrosion behaviors of the coated specimen were investigated by polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EG&G Co, PARSTAT 2273. USA). It was found that Ti-Zr-N film coated sample had a thick coated layer and showed a good wear resistance and corrosion resistance of surface compared with ZrN and TiN coated sample. The corrosion resistance and mechanical property of Ti-Zr-N film coated STD 61 alloy increased as sputtering time increased.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2021

The effect of chemical composition on the structural and thermal properties of TiZrN thin films was studied. As the Zr fraction in the deposited TixZr1-xN (x = 0.87, 0.82, 0.7, 0.6, and 0.28) increased, microstructural changes consisted of reduction in the grain size and a gradual transition from columnar structure to granular structure were observed. In addition, it was also confirmed that a gradual crystal phase transition from TiN to TiZrN has occurred as the Zr fraction increased up to 0.4. After heat treatment at 900℃, Ti0.82Zr0.18N and Ti0.7Zr0.3N layers were converted to a form in which rutile phase TiO2 and TiZrO4 oxides coexist, while Ti0.6Zr0.4N layer was converted to TiZrO4 oxide. Among the five compositions of TiZrN films, the Ti0.6Zr0.4N showed the best high temperature stability and produced a significant enhancement in the thermal oxidation resistance of Inconel 617 through suppressing the surface diffusion of Cr caused by thermal oxidation of the Inconel 617 substrate.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.210-225
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• 2004

Statement of problem: Implant screw loosening has been remained problem in restorative practices. Surface treatment of screw plays a role of preventing screw from loosening in implant screw mechanism. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate surface characteristics of TiN and ZrN film ion plated screw with titanium and gold alloy screw and to evaluate wear resistance, surface roughness, and film adhesion on screw surface using various instruments. Material and methods : GoldTite screws and titanium screws provided by 3i (Implant Innovation, USA) and TorqTite screws or titanium screws by Steri-Oss (Nobel Biocare, USA) and gold screws and titanium screws by AVANA (Osstem Implant, korea) were selected. Ion plating which is much superior to other surface modification techniques was carried out for gold screws and titanium screws using Ti and Zr coating materials with nitrogen gas. Ion nitrided surface of each abutment screw was observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, micro-diamond scratch tester, vickers hardness tester, and surface roughness tester. Results : 1) The surface of gold screw and GoldTite is more smooth than ones of other kinds of non coated screw. 2) The ZrN and TiN coated surface is the more smooth than ones of other kinds of screw. 3) The hardness of TiN and ZrN coated surface showed higher than that of non coated surface. 4) The TiN coated titanium screw and ZrN coated gold screw have a good wear resistance and adhesion on the surface. 5) The surface of ZrN coated screw showed low surface roughness compared with the surface of TiN coated screw. Conclusion : It is considered that the TiN and ZrN coated screw which would prevent a screw from loosening can be applicable to implant system and confirmed that TiN and ZrN film act as lubricant on surface of screw due to decrease of friction for recycled tightening and loosening.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.212-217
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• 2011

In this study, corrosion characteristics of TiN and ZrN film on the abutment screw by arc-ion plating were investigated using a potentiodynamic anodic polarization test in deaerated 0.9% NaCl solution at $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The surface morphologies of the coating layers before and after corrosion test were investigated by a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and a energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The surfaces of the TiN and ZrN coated abutment screws showed the smooth surfaces without mechanical defects like scratches which can be formed during the manufacturing process, compared with those of the non-coated abutment screw. The corrosion and passive current densities of TiN and ZrN coated abutment screws were lower than those of the non-coated abutment screw.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.134-134
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.45-46
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• 2006

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.332-338
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• 1993

TiN/Ti is the best buffer layer between PZT thin film and si substrate among the Ti, TiN, ZrN, TiN/Ti, ZrN/Ti. The amorphous PZT films deposited on TiN/Ti buffer layer directly transform into perovskite phase when rapid thermal annealed for 30sec above 55$0^{\circ}C$. As Rapid Thermal Annealing(RTA) temperature increased, the remanent polarization(Pr) and dielectric constant($\varepsilon$r) increased and then showed Pr=21 $\varepsilon$r=593 when rapid thermal annealed 80$0^{\circ}C$ for 30sec. On the contrary the leakage current increased with increasing RTA temperature due to the formation of void made by Pb evaporationand grain cohesion.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.740-750
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• 2006

Statement of problems. In an attempt to reduce screw loosening, dry lubricant coatings such as pure gold or tefron have been applied to the abutment screw. However, under repeated tightening and loosening procedures, low wear resistance and adhesion strength of coating material produced free particles on the surface of abutment screw and increased frictional resistance resulting in screw tightening problems. Purpose. The aim of this study was to compare friction coefficient, adhesion strength, vickers hardness and evaluate coating surface of titanium alloy specimens coated with TiN(titanium nitride), ZrN(zirconium nitride) and WC(tungsten carbide). Material and method. Titanium alloy(Ti-6Al-4V) discs of 12mm in diameter and 1mm in thickness divided into 4 groups. TiN, ZrN and WC was coated for the specimens of 3 groups respectively, and those of 1 group were not coated. Each group was made up of 4 specimens. In this study, sputtering method was used among the PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition) techniques available for TiN, ZrN and WC coatings. Friction coefficient, adhesion strength, vickers hardness and coating surface of 4 groups were measured. Results. 1. For all three coating conditions, friction coefficient was significantly decreased. Especially, ZrN coated surface showed the lowest value. $TiN(0.39{\pm}0.02)$, $ZrN(0.24{\pm}0.01)$, $WC(0.31{\pm}0.03)$. 2. TiN coating showed the highest adhesion strength, however ZrN coating had the lowest value. $TiN(25.3N{\pm}1.6)$, $ZrN(14.8N{\pm}0.6)$, $ WC(18.4N{\pm}0.7)$. 3. Vickers hardness of all three coatings was remarkably increased as compared with that of none coated specimen. TiN coating had the highest Vickers hardness, however WC coating showed the lowest value. $TiN(1865.2{\pm}33.8)$, $ZrN(1814.4{\pm}18.6)$, $WC(1008.5{\pm}35.9)$. 4. The ZrN or WC coated specimen showed a homogeneous and smooth surface, however the rough surface with defects was observed for TiN coating. Conclusions. When TiN, ZrN and WC coating applied to the abutment screw, frictional resistance would be reduced, as a result, the greater preload and prevention of the screw loosening could be expected.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

Quaternary TiZrAlN nanocomposite thin films were synthesized by Closed-Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering (CFUBMS), and their microstructure and mechanical characteristics were examined. The grain refinement of the TiZrAlN nanocomposite thin films was controlled by adjusting the $N_2$ partial pressure. The hardness of the film varied with the $N_2$ partial pressure and the maximum value was obtained approximately 47 GPa. It was also confirmed that there is a critical value of the grain size($d_c$) to need maximum hardness.