• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.460-465
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• 2008

Incidences of pulmonary thromboembolism markedly increase with age. Risk factors of pulmonary thromboembolism are surgery, trauma, acute medical illness, immobilization, pregnancy, usage of hormone, and advanced age. In the cases of thrombomembolism occurred in young age, the possibility of thrombophilc state is needed to be investigated. Among many diseases or state associated thrombophilic state, homocyteinemia should be considered a cause of thromboembolism before fifth decade. Homocyteinemia is caused by deficiency of N-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, cystathionie ${\beta}$-synthase and vitamin B12. The presence of the mutation of 5,10-methyleneterahydrofolate lead to homocyteinemia by deficiency of N-5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Homocysteine is acknowledged the risk factor of cardiovascular event, and storke. Homocysteinemia can be the cause of thromboemboism via damaging endotheial cell. We present two cases of pulmonary thromboembolism in young age which seem to be associated with homocysteinemia precipitated by mutation of 5,10-methyleneterahydrofolate.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.792-796
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• 2001

Chronic pulmonary artery thromboembolism is a relatively rare phenomenon causing hypoxia and pulmonary hypertension that eventually leads to respiratory failure and right heart failure. Patients with acute pulmonary artery thromboembolism are generally treated with antithrombotics and thrombolytics. However, in cases with chronic pulmonary artery thromboembolism the fibrinized thrombus is so strongly adhered to the pulmonary artery wall that medical treatment becomes ineffective and surgical treatment must then be considered. We report a 47year old patient, with a history of repeated admission due to unresolved chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic pulmonary artery thromboembolism at a local hospital, who underwent a successful endarterectomy of pulmonary artery thromboemboli using intermittent total circulatory arrest.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2007

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) causes recurrent thromboses and morbidity during pregnancy, including fetal loss. This malady is associated with the persistent presence of anticardiolipin antibody or lupus anticoagulant. The pulmonary manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome include pulmonary thromboembolism, pulmonary hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome, etc. Pulmonary thromboembolism is often the initial manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome and a timely diagnosis is critical due to the high mortality rate. We herein report on a 19-year-old man with pulmonary thromboembolism that was caused by primary antiphospholipid syndrome. He presented with blood-tinged sputum, fever and epigastric pain, and his chest computerized tomography showed pulmonary thromboembolism. The other possible causes of pulmonary thromboembolism were excluded and the diagnosis of primary antiphospholipid syndrome was confirmed by the lupus anticoagulant that was present on two occasions six weeks apart. We also discuss the nature and management of antiphospholipid syndrome, along with a brief review of the relevant literatures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.6
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• pp.1378-1383
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• 2023

Pulmonary artery sarcomas are rare, high-grade malignancies, primarily affecting the proximal elastic pulmonary artery and usually manifesting as tumoral impaction on imaging. Due to similar clinical and imaging findings, pulmonary artery sarcomas are frequently misdiagnosed as pulmonary thromboembolism or, occasionally, as vasculitis. Herein, we reported a case of pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma initially misdiagnosed as pulmonary thromboembolism and vasculitis due to its relatively atypical location and morphology, along with a literature review.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2016

Four dogs were brought to the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University (VMTH SNU) with a history of hind limb ataxia, three with pain, one without pain. Three of the four showed weak to absent femoral pulses and cold extremities. Thromboembolism was identified by ultrasonography in the external and/or internal iliac arteries. A thrombolytic agent, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), was administered (0.5-1 mg/kg, every 60-120 min, 3-5 doses). Two dogs (Cases 2 and 3), which were instantly provided rt-PA treatment, survived 6 and 17 months, respectively, although hematemesis and hematochezia were observed during treatment. In the other two dogs (Cases 1 and 4), rt-PA was administered 4 and 28 days after the appearance of pelvic limb symptoms, which may have limited the benefits of the treatment. When rt-PA treatment is instituted instantly and the side effects are monitored thoroughly during treatment, a good prognosis might be expected in canine aortic thromboembolism. For this reason, we suggest that rt-PA treatment should be initiated immediately if thromboembolism is identified.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.370-373
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• 2009

Crohn's disease, a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a chronic inflammatory condition that is characterized by microvascular and macrovascular involvement. Some extraintestinal complications can occur due to chronic systemic inflammation in IBD. Among them, a pulmonary thromboembolism is a rare manifestation of IBD but is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. To our best of knowledge, there is only one case report of a pulmonary thromboembolism as a complication of Crohn's disease in Korea. We present another rare case of pulmonary thromboembolism as complication in a 25-year-old man with underlying Crohn's disease.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.242-246
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• 2017

Acute limb ischemia (ALI) due to an embolism is associated with high mortality rate and poor prognosis, and early diagnosis with prompt revascularization is required to reduce the risk of limb amputation or even death. The etiologies of ALI are diverse, and it includes an embolism from the heart and thrombotic occlusion of the atherosclerotic native vessels, stents, or grafts. An uncommon cause of ALI is acute arterial thromboembolism, and atrial fibrillation (AF) is the single most important risk factors for systemic thromboembolism. It is important to correctly identify the source of ALI for secondary prevention, as it depends on the underlying cause. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment for focal atherosclerotic and thrombotic occlusive diseases of the aorta and its major extremity branches. Herein, we report on a 77-year-old female patient with acute upper limb ischemia, treated by PTA using a catheter-guided thrombectomy. He was newly diagnosed with paroxysmal AF (PAF) while evaluation the cause of his acute arterial thromboembolism. We recommend that cardiologists always consider PAF as a possible diagnosis even in patients without any history of AF under ALI because it is possible to develop thromboembolism in clinical practice.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 2008

A 2-year-old, female, Turkish Angora cat was presented due to hindlimb paralysis with 2-day history of vomiting and depression. Physical examination revealed weak femoral pulse and cyanotic footpads of hind limbs. Chest auscultation, thoracic radiography, and electrocardiogram were no remarkable. Abdominal ultrasonography showed suspected hyperechoic thrombus in abdominal aorta. Underlying causes of the arterial thromboembolism were not found on multiple diagnostic examinations and the cat was diagnosed as idiopathic saddle thromboembolism. Despite 4-week regimen with heparin sodium, aspirin, and diltiazem, the hind limbs were progressively and irreversibly necrotized. Therefore, coxofemoral amputation was performed. After surgery, the clinical condition of this cat returned to normal without further complications.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.75 no.3
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

Pulmonary embolism (PE), which can originate as a consequence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is the most frequent and potentially fatal venous thromboembolic event. Despite the fact that the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Asians is lower than that in the Western populations, a recent epidemiologic study demonstrates an increasing incidence of VTE in the Korean population. Anticoagulants, including low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and vitamin K antagonist (VKAs), have been the main treatments for PE, however, recently new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were introduced. We will review how well patients with PE can be managed with the existing anticoagulants and NOACs along with the time span of treatment, which still pose some challenges for clinicians.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.911-917
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• 1988

Pulmonary thromboembolism originated most commonly from the venous thrombus, especially deep vein thrombus in the leg, which migrated to and occluded the pulmonary vasculatures. The failure of clot lysis and repeated embolic episodes resulted in the hemodynamic compromise -that is- in the increasing in the pulmonary vascular resistance, which would cause the right ventricle failure[Car Pulmonale]. Under the cardiopulmonary bypass, 20 year old male patient was treated successfully by thromboembolectomy of pulmonary thromboembolism with pulmonary hypertension, which originated from the deep vein thrombus in the leg. The results of radiologic studies and clinical evaluations were excellent in that the postoperative lung perfusion scan showed the newly increased perfusion of post-embolectomy territories and in the arterial blood gas finding of 76 from 66[mmHg] in PaO2. The patient was uneventful and discharged on postop. $ 14 days with anticoagulant continued.