• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.149-156
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• 2002

Field measurements were carried out in this study to investigate the behavior of cut and cover tunnel such as the distribution and the magnitude of the earth pressure during back fill process of the ground material. Three kinds of measuring instruments, such as the earth pressure load cell, the concrete strain gauge and the reinforcing bar meter of embedded type in concrete structure were installed and measured. Earth pressure load cells, installed after construction of the tunnel lining, measure the outside forces acting on the tunnel lining with radial directions. Three load cells were installed at the crown, the right and the left shoulder of the tunnel, respectively. Three sets of reinforcing bar meter were installed in the double reinforcements of the tunnel lining and their locations were the same with the position of the earth pressure load cells. Concrete strain gauge was installed only one site of the upper compressive part at the tunnel crown. Based on the measuring results in the field, the deformation and the earth pressure acting on the tunnel lining were investigated with the back fill process of the ground material. Considerations on the validity of the measuring results were paid. For the analysis of measurements, after dividing back fill process into three steps, various factors which affect on the behavior of tunnel lining were investigated at each step.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2007

Demand forecasting methods for a consumer product such as TV or refrigerator are widely known. However, sales forecast for a brand new product cannot be estimated using conventional forecasting methods. This study proposes a five-step procedure in forecasting a newly developed product. Step one defines functions in a High Touch product in order to estimate relative attraction of the product to consumer group. In step two, for a comparison purpose, a compatible product that is successfully penetrated into market is selected. Step three breaks a target population into many segments based on demography. Step four calculates relative attraction between the High Touch product and the compatible product. Finally, market penetration rate of the High Touch product is estimated using a bell-shaped diffusion curve of the compatible product. The process offers a method to estimate potential demand and growth pattern of the new High Touch product.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.286-289
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• 2001

This paper deals with the procedures of effective mid-term Operation Planning establishment for painting shop in shipbuilding. and develop prototype system. In general, the block painting process consists of two stages such as blasting operation for surface preparation and painting operation for paint application for blocks. Weather condition is a potent Influence on those operations. The procedures consists of four steps, Load analysis, Generate alternative simulation plan. Implementation of Allocation automation module and Compare result of each simulation plan. Explain of each step. as follows, 1.step, Load analysis measure amount of assigned workload and manhour. 2.step, simulation scheme include alterable control variable such as overtime, weather. Auto allocating module carry out feasibility of simulation plan. 3.step, Allocation automation module are composed of three algorithms, as followings: - the block allocation algorithm that determines the number of blocks to be processed each day, - the team allocation algorithm that allocates blocks to worker groups. - the block arrangement algorithm that arrange blocks in blasting and painting cells. Since the block arrangement algorithm is conducted simultaneously with the team allocation algorithm, the total structure of the operating algorithms is considered to have two phases: first, daily load balancing with capacity limit and second, team allocation considering arrangement each day 4 step, Comparing result of each simulation plan. and select best simulation plan.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2013

CIGS (Cu-In-Ga-Se) films were deposited on the Mo coated soda lime glass (Mo/SLG) by RF magnetron sputtering using a single sintered target with different chemical compositions. Heat treatment of the CIGS films were carried out under three different conditions, 1step ($350^{\circ}C$ for 2 hour and $550^{\circ}C$ for 2 hour) and 2step ($350^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour and $550^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour). In the case of CIGS films post-annealed on 2step method, grain size remarkably increased compared to other methods, indicating that chemical composition [Cu/(Ga+In) = 1] of CIGS films was same as CIGS target. After heat treatment by 2step method, band gap energy of the CIGS film deposited at RF 80 W showed 1.4 eV which is broadly similar to identical band gap energy (1.2 eV) of CIGS film prepared by evaporation method. Therefore, 2step heat treatment method could be expected to low temperature process.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.219-230
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to discover the recovery process of those having had myocardial infarction. Methods: 15 participants with myocardial infarction were recruited by theoretical sampling methods. The data were retrieved through in depth interview, participant observation, and medical records of the patients. Collected data were analyzed through grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin(1998). Results: 63 concepts, 27 subcategories, and 11 categories were deduced from the open coding process. The recovery process of myocardial infarction showed to be a process of 'Controling healthy track', and chronological recovery process was a four-step process of recognizing disruption of healthy track, making efforts for controlling the disrupted healthy track, reconstructing the new healthy track, and adapting to the new healthy track phase. 'Controling healthy track' had three types of self-initiation, contention of reality, and fateful acceptance. Conclusion: The results provided basic information for nursing intervention strategies depending on 'Controling healthy track' process by each phase and different types.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.18-21
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• 2005

A new technology for reducing photolithography process from a four step to a three step process in the fabrication of TFT LCD is introduced. The core technology for 3-mask-TFT processes is the lift-off process [1], by which the PAS and PXL layers can be formed simultaneously. A different method of the lift-off process was developed in order to enhance the performance of efficiency with conventional positive and not negative PR which is the generally used in other lift-off process. In addition, the removal capacity of the ITO/PR in lift-off process was evaluated. The evaluation results showed that the new process can be run in conventional TFT production condition. In order to apply this new process in existing TFT process, several tests were conducted to ensure stability of the TFT process. It was found that the outgases from PR on the substrate in ITO sputtering chamber do not raise any problem, and the deposited ITO film beside the PR has conventional ITO qualities. Furthemore, the particles that were produced due to the ITO chips in PR strip bath could be reduced by the existing filtering system of stripper. With the development of total process and design of the structure for TFT using this technology, 3-mask-panels were achieved in TN and IPS modes, which showed the same display performances as those with the conventional 4mask process. The applicability and usefulness of the 3-mask process has already verified in the mass production line and in fact it currently being used for the production of some products.

• Plant Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.58-65
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• 2023

In this study, to increase the methane content of biogas supplied from Nanji Water Regeneration Center and to purify impurities, a three-stage membrane purification process was designed and installed to demonstrate operation. The methane concentration of biomethane produced in the 2 Nm3/h purification process was set to three cases: 95%, 96.5%, and 98%, and the membrane area ratio of the membrane was 1:1, 1:2, 1:1:1, The optimum conditions for the membrane area of the separator were derived by changing to five of 1:2:1 and 1:2:2. 3 stage separation membrane process of 30 Nm3/h was installed to reflect the optimum condition of 2 Nm3/h, and biomethane production of 98% or more of methane concentration was demonstrated. As a result of the operation of the 2 Nm³/h refining device, the methane recovery rate at the 98% methane concentration was 95.6% when the membrane area ratio was 1:1 as the result of the two-stage operation of the separator, and the recovery rate of methane at 1:2 was increased to 96.8%. The methane recovery rate of the membrane three-stage operation was highest at 96.8% when the membrane area ratio was operated at 1:2:1. The carbon dioxide removal rate was 16.4 to 96.4% and the 2:2 to 95.7% film area ratio in the two-step process. In the three-step process, the film area ratio was 1:2:1 to 95.4%, and the two-step process showed higher results than the three-step process. In the 30 Nm3/h scale biogas purification demonstration operation, the methane concentration after purification was 98%, the recovery rate of methane was 97.1%, the removal rate of carbon dioxide was 95.7%, and hydrogen sulfide, the cause of corrosion, was not detected, and the membrane area ratio was 1:2:1 demonstration operation, biomethane production with a methane concentration of 98% or higher was possible.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.373-378
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• 2006

Recently the technical advances and complexities have generated much of the difficulties in managing the project resources, for both scheduling and costing to accomplish the project in the most efficient manner. The project manager is frequently required to render judgments concerning the schedule and resource adjustments. This research develops an analytical model for a schedule-cost and risk analysis based on visual PERT/CPM. We used a three-step approach: 1) in the first step, a deterministic PERT/CPM model for the critical path and estimating the project time schedule and related resource planning and we developed a heuristic model for crash and stretch out analysis based upon a time-cost trade-off associated with the crash and stretch out of the project. 2) In second step, we developed web-based risk evaluation model for project analysis. Major technologies used for this step are AHP (analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy-AHP, multi-attribute analysis, stochastic network simulation, and web based decision support system. Also we have developed computer programs and have shown the results of sample runs for an R&D project risk analysis. 3) We developed an optimization model for project resource allocation. We used AHP weighted values and optimization methods. Computer implementation for this model is provided based on GUI-Type objective-oriented programming for the users and provided displays of all the inputs and outputs in the form of GUI-Type. The results of this research will provide the project managers with efficient management tools.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.55-59
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• 2004

Recently, life cycle and lead-time of products have been shortened with the demand of customers. Therefore, it is important to reduce time and cost at the step of manufacturing trial molds. In order to realize three dimensional shape on CAD, the machining process has been widely used because it offers practical advantages such as precision and versatility. However, traditional machining process spends a lot of time in cutting product and the remained material causes trouble such as inconvenience for clean. In this work, a new machining process using the hot tool has been proposed to overcome those limitations. In the process, the hot tool moves the predetermined path and the heat of the tool decomposes the remained material. In order to set up the process, the hot tool to satisfy requirements is designed and the material thermal properties are obtained using the DSC and TGA machine. The relationships between process parameters and thermal radius of the tool are obtained through experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.34D no.3
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• pp.74-86
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• 1997

With continued miniaturization and development of new devices, the highly nonuniform oxidation of three-dimensional non-planar silicon structures plays an increasingly important role. In this paper, the three-dimensional finite element numerical simulator. Grwoth of oxide is a coupled process of diffusion of oxidant and deformation of oxide. Because boundaries of oxide are moved in each time step and LOCOS structure is formed three-dimensional shape of sruface, it is necessary to develope an efficient node control algorithm that can locally generate and eliminate the node. Therefore we have developed the optimized three-dimensional mesh generator which is cpable of refining and eliminating the meshes at the moving boundary of oxide, and hve developed three-dimensional finite element oxidation solver.