• 수산경영론집
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.103-118
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to discuss possibilities of applying growth curve models, such as Logistic, Log-Logistic, Log-Normal, Gompertz and Weibull, to three specific technology areas of Fishery Science and Technology in the process of measuring their technology level between Korea and countries with the state-of-the art level. Technology areas of hazard control of organism, environment restoration, and fish cluster detect were selected for this study. Expert panel survey was conducted to construct relevant panel data for years of 2013, 2016, and a future time of approaching the theoretical maximum technology level. The size of data was 70, 70 and 40 respectively. First finding is that estimation of shape and location parameters of each model was statistically significant, and lack-of-fit test using estimated parameters was statistically rejected for each model, meaning all models were good enough to apply for measuring technology levels. Second, three models other than Pearl and Gompertz seemed very appropriate to apply despite the fact that previous case studies have used only Gompertz and Pearl. This study suggests that Weibull model would be a very valid candidate for the purpose. Third, fish cluster detect technology level is relatively higher for both Korea and a country with the state-of-the-art among three areas as of 2013. However, all three areas seem to be approaching their limits(highest technology level point) until 2020 for countries with the state-of-the-art. This implies that Korea might have to speed up her research activities in order to catch up them prior to 2020. Final suggestion is that future study may better apply various and more appropriate models respectively considering each technology characteristics and other factors.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.499-512
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• 2022

Intervention measures have been implemented worldwide to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. The COVID-19 outbreak has occured in several waves of infection, so this paper is divided into three groups, namely those countries who have passed the pandemic period, those countries who are still experiencing a single-wave pandemic, and those countries who are experiencing a multi-wave pandemic. The purpose of this study is to develop a multi-wave Richards model with several changepoint detection methods so as to obtain more accurate prediction results, especially for the multi-wave case. We investigated epidemiological trends in different countries from January 2020 to October 2021 to determine the temporal changes during the epidemic with respect to the intervention strategy used. In this article, we adjust the daily cumulative epidemiological data for COVID-19 using the logistic growth model and the multi-wave Richards curve development model. The changepoint detection methods used include the interpolation method, the Pruned Exact Linear Time (PELT) method, and the Binary Segmentation (BS) method. The results of the analysis using 9 countries show that the Richards model development can be used to analyze multi-wave data using changepoint detection so that the initial data used for prediction on the last wave can be determined precisely. The changepoint used is the coincident changepoint generated by the PELT and BS methods. The interpolation method is only used to find out how many pandemic waves have occurred in given a country. Several waves have been identified and can better describe the data. Our results can find the peak of the pandemic and when it will end in each country, both for a single-wave pandemic and a multi-wave pandemic.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2009

The marketing environment has become competitive to an extent that requires firms to target their products at markets that span national boundaries. However, competitive clout cannot be achieved in global consumer markets unless firms thoroughly understand and adequately respond to the core values and needs of those consumers. Brand equity is one of the most important assets to a company. Especially in sportswear markets, brand equity is the crucial value added to a product by its brand name. Factors such as country of origin also influence customer's attitude towards brand equity. Therefore, this paper discusses the relationship between country of origin effect and brand equity, and how they influence consumers' loyalty for respective brands. This paper focused on the sports shoes market, because it is an increasing area of opportunity for world manufacturers. The objectives of this study were the following. (1) Test the effect of country of origin on brand equity. (2) Test how brand equity influences consumers' brand loyalty. (3) Find whether there are differences in the effects of country of origin and brand equity among the three countries. (4) Find whether there are differences in the effects of country of origin and brand equity among the different lifestyles. Based on the review of literature results, the hypotheses are concluded as the following: H1-a: Country image has positive influence on country of origin. H1-b: Product perception has positive influence on country of origin. H2-a: Perceived quality has positive effect on brand equity. H2-b: Perceived price has positive effect on brand equity. H3: Country of origin has positive effect on brand equity. H4: Brand equity has a positive impact on brand loyalty. Research model was constructed (see Fig. 1). After data analysis, the following results were concluded: sports shoes purchase behavior showed significant differences among Korean, Chinese, and American consumers for favorite brand, purchased brand, purchased place, information usage, and favorite sports games. The results of this study also extend the research of the relationship among country of origin, brand equity and brand loyalty to the sports shoes market. Brand equity was proven to have a significant relationship with brand loyalty for all countries. The factors which can influence brand equity are different for different countries. The third finding of this paper is that we identified different three lifestyles, adventurer, follower, and laggard, for Korean, Chinese and American consumers. Without the nationality boundary, seeing the emergence of a new group of consumers who have similar preferences and buy similar brands is more important. All of the consumers consider brand equity to keep their brand loyalty. Perceived price is the only factor which can influence brand equity for adventurers; brand is more important for them. The laggards were not influenced by any factor. All of the factors expect perceived price are important for the followers. Marketing managers should consider brand equity when introducing their brand into a new market. Also localization is the basic strategy that all the sports shoes companies should understand. But as a global brand, understanding the same characteristics for each country is more important to build global strategy.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.507-514
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• 2018

기술집약적 분야 산업은 영토 내 가용할 수 있는 자원이 극빈한 국가의 주요 성장 동력으로 활용되어질 수 있다. 예로, 한국의 경우 원자력 및 방사선 기술 산업을 고도로 육성시켜 자국 내 에너지 문제의 해결과 원자력발전소 수출 등 국익을 얻을 수 있었다. 반면 기술집약적 분야 산업에 대한 잘못된 정부정책결정에 의하여 국가적 손해가 발생한 경우도 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 기술집약적 산업에 대한 잘못된 정부정책사례를 분석하여 3가지 요인을 도출하였다. 그리고 3가지 모형의 앨리슨모델을 복합적으로 이용하여, 사례분석에서 도출된 3가지 요인의 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 합리적 정책결정 모형을 개발하고자 하였다. 궁극적으로, 본 연구의 결과는 기술집약적 산업에 대한 합리적인 정부정책결정 과정을 위해 향후 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권7호
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• pp.1129-1134
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• 2008

This paper proposes a reliability evaluation for interconnection planning using a tie line equivalent assisting generator model (TEAG) that considers the uncertainties of the interconnected transmission systems and the tie lines. Development of this model was triggered by the need to perform probabilistic reliability evaluations on the NEAREST (North East Asia Region Electric Systems Tied) interconnection. The TEAG is the basis for the newly developed interconnection systems reliability evaluation computer program, NEAREL. The model is capable of considering uncertainties associated with generators, tie lines, and the tied grids. Reliability evaluations for six interconnection scenarios involving the power systems of six countries in the Asian north eastern region were performed using NEAREL. Sensitivity analysis was used to determine reasonable tie line capacities for three interconnected country scenarios of the six countries. Test results and summarized comments of the scenarios are included in the paper.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제38권
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• pp.61-74
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• 1988

Changing patterns of population densities in urban centers are different between Western countries and non-Western countries. Although Seoul is located in a non-Western country, the result of this study shows that its pattern of population density falls into the category of Western cities. Through the examination of three population density gradient models, it is clear that no model can precisely explain the population distribution of Seoul over time. Some of the models partly indicate the actual population distrisbution. The Clark model is appropriate to denote population distribution in the center of Seoul at an early stage in development. The Sherratt model cannot adequately explain the population distribution of Seoul.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.21-36
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• 2022

Purpose - Carbon emission standards are based on the "production-based carbon emissions" generated by the production of goods in the relevant country which were the existing measurement methods. However, can such carbon emissions measurement standards be established international? For example, some of the goods produced in developing countries are produced for the demand of developed countries. The method of measuring carbon emission based on the final demand of a certain country is called "consumption-based carbon emissions." This study compares productionand consumption-based CO₂ emissions according to economic growth in ninety-three countries categorized by income level. Design/methodology - Our empirical model considers the difference between production- and consumption-based CO₂ emissions according to economic growth. Also, our model investigated whether the EKC hypothesis in most of the previous studies that had been based on production-based emissions was also established in the consumption-based emission model. Considering the continuous characteristics of CO₂, we utilized the generalized method of moments (GMM), specifically a system GMM econometric technique because CO₂ in the previous period can affect CO₂ in the present period. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: The results show that for the consumption-based CO₂ emissions model, CO₂ continuously increases as economic growth increases in the upper-middle income countries. The inverted U-shaped result was found in the case of the production-based model. However, in the lower-income countries, an inverted-U shape in which CO₂ emissions decrease at some point as the economy grows in the production-based model does not appear. On the other hand, in the consumption-based model, an inverted U-shaped result was obtained when estimating with system-GMM. Additionally, the proportion of manufacturing, energy imports, and energy consumption had an effect on both the production- and the consumption-based model regardless of the group's CO₂ emissions. On the basis of such assessments, policymakers need to consider not only production- but also consumption-based options. Originality/value - Previous studies have mainly focused on production-based CO₂ emissions, with most of them revolving around economic growth or the effect of various social and economic factors on CO₂ emissions. However, this study considers the relationship with economic growth using consumption-based emissions as a dependent variable by classifying ninety-three countries by income level.

• 기록학연구
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• 제2호
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• pp.195-230
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• 2000

In this paper I tried to get an overall view of the training course of German archivists, based on the curriculum of Marburger Archivschule. In Germany the short-term training courses are offered by some archives and also graduate-level course is offered by a college in Potzdam. Marburger Schule is, however, said to be a representative institute for training of archivists in Germany because the institute has a long history and its graduates have been playing a leading role in the archival science and archival administration of Germany. By examining the curriculum of the Marburger Schule, I tried to analyze the important elements which have decided the shaping of curriculum historically. I also examined the general prerequisite to be an archivist in Germany, including qualification-examination in order to see how the high standards of German archivists can be maintained. There are three kinds of training courses in Marburger Schule: course for academic archivists, course for administrative archivists, short-term course for complementary training. The former two main courses are runned in association with each state archives(staatliche Archive, Landesarchive) in the Federal Republic of Germany along the line of public regulation. These courses consist of theoretical and practical education. Marburger Schule is charged with the theoretical education, while each local government(Landesregiergung) runs the training system according to its own rules with autonomy. The education of archivists must be structured to fill the expected role in a society to which archivists belong. The image of archivist changes in the course of times and makes a greate many differences according to the conditions and tradition of a country. The whole system of formal education is also related with the style of managing of Archives in each country. Therefore an example of a country can not be taken so easily as a model. The education system of archivists must be interpreted in the relation with the historical condition of a country and its administrative system of archives.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.85-110
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• 2015

Science and technology diplomacy has become an important policy agenda because of its diplomatic utility and enhancing of international science networks. However, different countries possess different objectives and governance of S&T diplomacy. In this context, this paper seeks to answer the following questions: what are the similarities and differences of S&T diplomacy in countries and what shapes these characteristics? To answer these questions, this paper conducts a comparative case study with five countries - Switzerland, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States - whose S&T diplomatic programs are highly recognized and benchmarked by other countries. A useful typology is devised to conduct a systematic comparison. For S&T diplomatic objectives, this paper suggests five types by elaborating concepts from the previous literature: access diplomacy, promotion diplomacy, public aid diplomacy, functional diplomacy, and global leadership diplomacy. Also, in terms of a governance model for S&T diplomacy, three models - a sciencecentered model, a science-outsourcing model and a top-down coordinating model - are suggested based on leadership organization. This paper reveals the different characteristics of the selected countries in S&T diplomacy. While the selected countries pursue almost every type of S&T diplomatic objective, the US and the UK tend to conduct influence-based diplomacy more than other countries do. In addition, different countries each have unique governance models for S&T diplomacy. While more research is necessary for vigorously testing the causes of different objectives and their relationship with governance models, this paper suggests more general policy implications throughout. The strength of the country's S&T base is fundamentally important for the success of S&T diplomacy. However, domestic S&T assets need to be transferred to its diplomatic capabilities. In this sense, the appropriate governance that fits best with the country's S&T mission should be established, while S&T communities should increasingly play a leadership role in evolving global S&T networks.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.6411-6418
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• 2015

기후변화 및 환경오염에 대응하기 위해 신재생에너지 정책 연구가 증가하고 있다. 신재생에너지는 녹색산업과 녹색기술로 대표되는 새로운 성장 동력 기술이다. 현재 우리나라는 태양광, 풍력, 수소연료전지 등 3대 전략부분에 신재생에너지 보급 및 기술개발사업에 대한 투자가 이루어지고 있지만 아직은 초기 단계로, 연구 방향 및 투자 분야에 대한 불확실성을 줄이는 것이 무엇보다도 시급한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 빅데이터(big data) 분석방법 중 텍스트 마이닝(Text mining method)과 토픽 모델링 기법(multinominal topic model)을 신재생에너지와 관련된 최근 10년간의 우리나라 언론기사에 적용하여 국가 정책의 핵심이슈 및 세계적인 연구 트렌드를 분석하고, 성장 가능성이 있는 신재생에너지 분야를 예측하였다. 정보통신기술을 바탕으로 한 연구결과는 신재생에너지 분야에 활발히 적용될 것으로 예측된다.