• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2017

Recent projects of Japanese architect, Ito Toyo have been evolved into innovative and experimental stages that are unique and different from other contemporary architects. Since Ito established his own office in 1971, there were several critical changes and developments in terms of architectural philosophy as well as design methods. Particularly, after Sendai Mediatheque, Ito has tended to focus on creating three-dimensional organic body in which architectural form, space, structure, facilities, images are merged all together. With this new type of three-dimensional structure, Ito aims to generate a new notion of architecture as 'living organism'. This paper tried to analyze Ito's new concept of architecture, design process of three-dimensional organic body and its ultimate characteristics and meanings. For the analysis, three projects were selected: Taichung Metropolitan Opera House(2005), Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive(2007), The New Deichman Library in Oslo(2008). These projects clearly represent several types of three-dimensional organic body. After the comparative studies, it is found that, in Ito's design process and method, there are unique characters: ambivalent relationship between plan and three-dimensional form, aiming new/hyper reality through complicated collaboration of analogue and digital design tools, and contradictory relationship with surrounding urban context. Although there are some limitations and restrictions, ever-evolving Ito's design concept and methods are very much valid and meaningful in contemporary spatial design in various perspectives.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.63-75
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• 2016

This study examines the organic geometry in Isabel Toledo's collections in terms of the practicality of American sportswear tradition. This study conducts literary survey combined with case analysis of Toledo's works from her debut collection in 1985 to the recent ones. The organic geometry in Toledo's designs refers to the conversion of two-dimensional garment patterns into three-dimensional garment forms with the body as a medium, which is classified into the following categories in this study. First, 'fluidity' describes Toledo's highly fluid jersey dresses which maintain consistent structures by patchwork draping and suspension technique. Second, 'reductionist structure' illustrates that simple geometric shapes such as circles and squares disappear as soon as worn on the body. Third, 'origami construction' explains folding two-dimensional fabrics into three-dimensional forms, which causes the outlines of the body to appear abstract. Toledo's designs deliver the tradition of American sportswear through the organic geometry of garment construction. Toledo's works are authentic American in the aspects that they are functional and modern; they satisfy the practical needs, prioritize the movements of wearers, pursue multi-functions, and their ornamental elements are accompanied by the construction of garments. Isabel Toledo presents designs drawing on her unwavering aesthetics while continuously developing and experimenting creative ways of garment construction.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.56-63
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• 2004

Harmony between men and their surroundings has been one of the most profound motives in space and object design for a long time. It is often expressed in design as the concept of 'organic'. Nowdays the term of organic is expanding its meaning in the contemporary sense of organicism. Nature, human 'beings, and digital technology are the key issues in future design paradigms. Karim Rashid is one of the most futuristic and vendible designer and his works show these issues. His designs flow organically and he uses materials that allow his forms to flow like the body, echoing life forms. it's very sensual, very tactile. In his work, a new concept of organic design is expressed in the organic unity of experience. He tries to contribute objects to our physical landscape that inspires, engages, and encourage positive experiences. Also, Technology is at constant play in his design process. With the latest three dimensional design software it is much easier to design and model sophisticated and complex shape and forms. Digital technology affects not only his design processes but also cultural views. New technologies and social shifts are changing our understanding of interior space.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.10
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• pp.133-145
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• 2010

The study used four basic formats classified based on the four principles on costumes discussed in the paper 'Human Beings and Arts Phenomena' by Oskar Schlemmer who studied the relationships between stage space and the human body as an analysis tool with regard to analyses on the abstraction of human body in contemporary dance costume. Abstraction of human body expressed in costume for contemporary dance is as follows: Expansions caused by unclear boundary between spaces and costumes, and the principles of three-dimensional abstract spaces based on a geometric cube change heads, trunks, arms and legs to achieve expansions. Similar mechanical shape is a type of shape made in a succession of functional principles of human body in relationships with spaces. As mechanical mechanism is added to the geometric transformation of a specific part of human body, mechanicalness is contained in it. Motion organisms are geometric simplification of moving traces in a space based on conversion into mechanical organisms based on principles of motion, and as mechanical rotation, consecutive speed caused by refraction and directionality are suggested, mobility is achieved. Immaterial shape is based on change into a metaphysical form, and it is converted into animals, plants or a third life that symbolize body parts. It has metaphysical significance in each body part and extends sensibility. As a result of the study, development into abstract succession and a techno art mode has been confirmed. Combination of geometric cubic figures with the organic human body and configuration of the human body pursued by Oskar Schlemmer's geometric abstraction through the proactive accommodation of mechanical aesthetics has been succeeded and expressed in the contemporary dance costumes.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.377-380
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• 2001

The vestibular system located in the inner ear controls reflex body posture and movement. It has the semicircular canals sensing an angular acceleration and the otolith organs sensing a linear acceleration. With this organic signal, medical doctor decide if a person has disease or not. To obtain this data, a precision stimular system is considered. Robust control is needed to obtain eye signals induced by off-vertical axis rotation because of an unbalanced load produced by tilting the axis of the system upto 30 degrees. In this study, off-vertical axis rotatory system with visual stimulation system are developed. This system is consisted of head mounted display for generating horizontal, vertical, and three dimensional stimulus patterns. Furthermore wireless recording system using RF modem is considered for noiseless data transmission.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.538-544
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• 2022

In existing ceramic mold manufacturing processes, inorganic binder systems (Si-Na, two-component system) are applied to ensure the effective firing strength of the ceramic mold and core. These inorganic binder systems makes it possible to manufacture a ceramic mold and core with high dimensional stability and effective strength. However, as in general sand casting processes, when molten metal is injected at room temperature, there is a limit to the production of thin or complex castings due to reduced fluidity caused by the rapid cooling of the molten metal. In addition, because sodium silicate generated through the vitrification reaction of the inorganic binder is converted into a liquid phase at a temperature of 1,000 ℃. or higher, it is somewhat difficult to manufacture parts through high-temperature casting. Therefore, in this study, a high-strength ceramic mold and core test piece with effective strength at high temperature was produced by applying a Si-Na-Ti three-component inorganic binder. The starting particles were coated with binary and ternary inorganic binders and mixed with an organic binder to prepare a molded body, and then heat-treated at 1,000/1,350/1,500 ℃ to prepare a fired body. In the sample where the two-component inorganic binder was applied, the glass was liquefied at a temperature of 1,000 ℃ or higher, and the strength decreased. However, the firing strength of the ceramic mold sample containing the three-component inorganic binder was improved, and it was confirmed that it was possible to manufacture a ceramic mold and core via high temperature casting.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.170-177
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• 2012

Amethyst gems represents thermal effects of far-infrared emission, promotes the body's metabolism, and attracts attention as an eco-friendly interior material. In this paper, amethyst increase the value of jeweling by applying the characteristic purple motif, furthermore, I will intend to develop of design model. Metal crafting of brooch & necklace in the works performed based on the organic three-dimensional shape of the Rhino CAD Data. It was made possible through the precise laminated wax processing and then combining the amethyst. I researched the ornament modeling by applying the 'Golden Ratio', and suggesting utilizing method for interior jewel modeling, and also, is expected that this paper on the amethyst modeling design can contribute to the manufacturers' productivity.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.47-58
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• 2010

Frank Lloyd Wright(1867-1959) was regarded as the pioneer of the modern architecture in the beginning and transition period of 20th century. His works have the pure shape form which have the deep relationship with the organic architecture. Wright told himself that the Froebel System had an influence on his works a lot. This study have researched about the three dimensional application of the Froebel System in his works with assembling and disassembling. Also the two dimensional application in the diagonal and circular plans are the one of the subjects here. The following conclusions are reached. First, The similar of the Wright's works and the Froebel System was the application of the similar principles rather than the copy of the method, which are the accent of the center, the composition of the part and whole, the understanding of the composition principle through the unit system and the unfolding of the crystal by rotation. Even thought the Wright's works have the triangle, square, hexagonal shape, the way of the expansion from the centered space was same. Also the space formed by the division of the center space, unfolds making the part and whole by overlap and continuation. The 2nd Froebel make space decided by the Net and Crystal Lattices which have the crystal characteristics by the rotation. The new geometric architecture, pinwheel, was created by this method. The application of the Froebel in the Wright's works have the several sets which are the 3th, 4th, 5th, 6th Froebels, 2nd, 7th Froebels and the 3th, 5th, 9th Froebels. The geometrical analysis of the square shape and the diagonal shape of the Wright's works was possible. The unfolding of the centered space can be found in the Guggenheim Museum using the analysis of the circular geometric of the 9th Froebel. The above study proves that the Froebel was not a mere tool for the basic shape training but also the main body of Wright's works which consists of the organic idea and philosophy of the space.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 2001

The vestibular system located in the inner ear controls reflex body posture and movement, It has the semicircular canals sensing an angular acceleration and the otolith organs sensing a linear acceleration. With this organic signal, medical doctor decide if a person has disease or not. To obtain this data, a precision stimular system is considered. Robust control is needed to obtain eye signals induced by off-vertical axis rotation because of an unbalanced load produced by tilting the axis of the system upto 30 degrees. In this study, off-vertical axis rotatory system with visual stimulation system are developed. This system is consisted of head mounted display for generating horizontal, vertical, and three dimensional stimulus patterns. Furthermore wireless recording system using RF modem is considered for noiseless data transmission. Detailed data was described.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-60
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• 2008

Nature/Landscape is surrounding space in which we make living. It is considerably comprehensive tenn. but on the other hand, the site can be existence, experience, and certain circumstance with boundaries. Based on these places, through contemporary art criticism, this study is to contemplate how art since 1960s, especially, site-specific art in three-dimensional space intervene in the environment. Artists of today put more value on the process and act of art making founded on the external, and they tend to create the characteristic of site or to indicate linguistic documentation. Moreover, a large-scale tendency of contemporary sculpture and 'occupation of specific site' seems to accede spatial conception from architecture. The core that recognizes these artworks is with body, that is to say, the space in which Self becomes the subject by changing the structure of the work while moving around it. In particular, 'Site-specific Art (in situ)' sometimes determines the form inward or outward It also relates directly on viewer's five senses by looking, hearing, and feeling, touching, and interacting. For example, in Richard Serra's , the viewer who moves around the work has the role to manipulate the movement of the work by perception. Works of In situ and works that planned for specific site suggest 'occupation of site' as of the function of the work These sites are ideal and special as well as being independent. Ultimately, it seems that the creative process of contemporary artists is to carry those intended form on the structure of perception. Furthermore, law of nature such as entropy, and acceptance of contingency helped organic structure of artwork become more abundant. For Robert Smithson, entropy suggests of reaching to a state of equilibriumin which everything is the same. This means that any core is justifiable and any rank is possible. Because the world without a core is a labyrinth of boundless exploration.