• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.154-171
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• 2011

Assessing values in establishing conservation principles has been at the heart of discussions for the last twenty years since conservation has been recognised as a social process to include various kinds of stakeholders for making a rational decision rather than a single scientific activity by a small group of experts. Such perception makes values attributed to cultural heritage important in deciding the reason why, the way how to, and the thing what to conserve making value assessment become crucial theme to understand and developing value-based conservation process. However heritage values, the way of assessing them, and establishing value-based conservation principles have been less studied in Korea. This thesis aims to initiate studies of heritage values and encourage discussion for setting out value-based conservation principles. It has three main chapters: 1. to analytically review previous studies on value assessment to redelineate various kinds of values which can be attributed to Korean cultural heritage; 2. to examine affecting factors in assessing values and significance, which are authenticity and historical and cultural dimension of value assessment; 3. to develop a process to establish value-based conservation principles. This study left several areas to be developed in future studies: 1. deeper understanding of various kinds of values from local perspective taking actual cases; 2. addressing problems in compromising conflicting values and providing solution to conserve all attributed values withing devaluing certain aspects of values; 3. providing guidance for practicing value - based decision - making process and setting out regular training opportunities for heritage - related professionals.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2018

The procedural generation algorithm is an algorithm that automatically generates a content to be used in a game by repeatedly executing a series of rules. As the size of the game increases, the amount of content used in the game increases. Accordingly, artificial intelligence research is actively conducted to automatically generate game contents using game artificial intelligence such as procedural generation. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to create 3D game world using procedural generation. The proposed algorithm generates a two-dimensional contour in which the path is naturally connected using Perlin-Noise whose noise is gradually changed. A three-dimensional Height-Map is created based on the generated two-dimensional contour lines. The generated Height-Map show that the shape of the map is normal and that the player is able to move around all the sections as in the game world created by hand. In the future, we will improve the performance of algorithms and apply them to game.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2021

This study focuses on the issue of automatic severity classification of dysarthric speakers based on speech intelligibility. Speech intelligibility is a complex measure that is affected by the features of multiple speech dimensions. However, most previous studies are restricted to using features from a single speech dimension. To effectively capture the characteristics of the speech disorder, we extracted features of multiple speech dimensions: voice quality, prosody, and pronunciation. Voice quality consists of jitter, shimmer, Harmonic to Noise Ratio (HNR), number of voice breaks, and degree of voice breaks. Prosody includes speech rate (total duration, speech duration, speaking rate, articulation rate), pitch (F0 mean/std/min/max/med/25quartile/75 quartile), and rhythm (%V, deltas, Varcos, rPVIs, nPVIs). Pronunciation contains Percentage of Correct Phonemes (Percentage of Correct Consonants/Vowels/Total phonemes) and degree of vowel distortion (Vowel Space Area, Formant Centralized Ratio, Vowel Articulatory Index, F2-Ratio). Experiments were conducted using various feature combinations. The experimental results indicate that using features from all three speech dimensions gives the best result, with a 80.15 F1-score, compared to using features from just one or two speech dimensions. The result implies voice quality, prosody, and pronunciation features should all be considered in automatic severity classification of dysarthria.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.145-164
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• 2020

This study aims to validate the Korean Student Career Construction Inventory, a translated measure of career adaptation responses, with Korean college students. In order to do so, this study examines the relevant factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, criterion-related validity and measurement invariance between Korean undergraduate and graduate students. An online survey was completed by 294 participants, including the questions from the translated Korean Student Career Construction Inventory, in addition to measures of career adaptability and vocational identity. One hundred twenty five among the initial participants were tested again in three months for the examination of test-retest reliability. The results supported the four-factor structure of 18 items suggested by the original measure, as well as measurement invariance. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were adequate. The Korean Student Career Construction Inventory was positively correlated with career adaptability, unidimensional vocational identity, and the dimensions of exploration and commitment of multidimensional vocational identity, but negatively with the dimension of reconsideration. The findings indicate that the Korean Student Career Construction Inventory has psychometric properties similar to the original form and can be used for both undergraduate and graduate students.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.25-38
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• 2023

Among the discussions on affective representation, the first is to explain the affective representation in the dimensions, and the second is to explain the affective representation according to the modality. In previous studies, to explain affective representation, valence models (signed valence, unsigned valence) and Modality-generality models (modality-general, modality-specific) were presented. In this study, we compared models presented in the previous study using the recently published ASMR to confirm which models explain affective representation well. The data used in this study were behavioral rating values collected by Kim & Kim (2022), and these were obtained for ASMR stimuli that were divided into three affective types (negative, neutral, and positive) and two modalities (auditory and audiovisual). Then, a multidimensional scaling, a representational similarity analysis with a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, and a multiple regression analysis with a two-way repeated measures ANOVA were performed. The results revealed that signed valence and modality-general distinguished between affective types of stimuli better than unsigned valence and modality-specific. Similar to the results of multidimensional scaling, the results of a representational similarity analysis and a multiple regression also showed that the signed valence and modality-general significantly explained affective representation better than the unsigned valence and the modality-specific. These results suggest that the model in which positive and negative are located at the opposite ends of the one dimension explains the affective representation of ASMR well, and that the affective representation was consistent regardless of modality.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.53-73
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• 2023

Man-made structure materials like concrete usually contain inclusions. These inclusions affect the mechanical properties of concrete. In this investigation, the influence of inclusion length and inclination angle on three-dimensional failure mechanism of concrete under uniaxial compression were performed using experimental test and numerical simulation. Approach of acoustic emission were jointly used to analyze the damage and fracture process. Besides, by combining the stress-strain behavior, quantitative determination of the thresholds of crack stress were done. concrete specimens with dimensions of 120 mm × 150 mm × 100 mm were provided. One and two holes filled by gypsum are incorporated in concrete samples. To build the inclusion, firstly cylinder steel tube was pre-inserting into the concrete and removing them after the initial hardening of the specimen. Secondly, the gypsum was poured into the holes. Tensile strengths of concrete and gypsum were 2.45 MPa and 1.5 MPa, respectively. The angle bertween inclusions and axial loadind ary from 0 to 90 with increases of 30. The length of inclusion vary from 25 mm to 100 mm with increases of 25 mm. Diameter of the hole was 20 mm. Entirely 20 various models were examined under uniaxial test. Simultaneous with experimental tests, numerical simulation (Particle flow code in two dimension) were carried out on the numerical models containing the inclusions. The numerical model were calibrated firstly by experimental outputs and then failure behavior of models containing inclusions have been investigated. The angle bertween inclusions and axial loadind vary from 0 to 90 with increases of 15. The length of inclusion vary from 25 mm to 100 mm with increases of 25 mm. Entirely 32 various models were examined under uniaxial test. Loading rate was 0.05 mm/sec. The results indicated that when inclusion has occupied 100% of sample thickness, two tensile cracks originated from boundaries of sample and spread parallel to the loading direction until being integrated together. When inclusion has occupied 75% of sample thickness, four tensile cracks originated from boundaries of sample and spread parallel to the loading direction until being integrated together. When inclusions have occupied 50% and 25% of sample thickness, four tensile cracks originated from boundaries of sample and spread parallel to the loading direction until being integrated together. Also the inclusion was failed by one tensile crack. The compressive strength of samples decease with the decreases of the inclusions length, and inclusion angle had some effects on that. Failure of concrete is mostly due to the tensile crack. The behavior of crack, was affected by the inclusion length and inclusion number.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.582-594
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• 2008

This study aimed at evaluating current sanitation management performances in Korean-Food restaurants by their operation types and to develop sanitary training posters based on the risk factors, in an attempt to improve the level of sanitation management in Korean food service facilities. Eighteen Korean-food restaurants that are managed by franchisor, franchisees as well as self-managed with large-scale and small-scale restaurants in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do, were evaluated by on-the-spot inspectors with an auditing tool consisting of three dimensions, nine categories and thirty four items. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The total score of each group showed that restaurants managed by franchisees ranked the highest (59 out of 100 points), while self-managed, small-scale restaurants ranked the lowest (44 out of 100 points). In the categorization of sanitation management compliance, the dimensions of food hygiene during production recorded the lowest compliance rate of 47.7% (22.89/48.0 points) followed by the dimension of environmental hygiene 59.3% (20.17/34.0 points) and personal hygiene 60.5% (10.89/18.0 points). This indicated the need for urgent improvement. The items which showed the lowest compliance rates were 'proper thawing of frozen foods' (0%), 'notifying and observing heating/reheating temperature' (6%), 'using of hand-washing facility and proper hand-washing' (33%), 'monitoring temperature of frozen-foods and cold-foods' (35%), and 'prevention of cross-contamination' (36%) among thirty four items. Self-managed, small-scale restaurants, in particular, needed to improve sanitary practices such as 'sanitation education for employee', 'verifying the employee health inspection reports', 'storing food on the shelves 15 cm distance away from the wall', 'suitability of ventilation capacity of hoods' and 'cleanliness of drainage'. On the basis of the findings of this study, we developed sanitary training posters, especially for small-scale restaurant operators. This could be an effective tool to educate food service employees on sanitary knowledge and principles and could be used to improve the existing sanitary conditions in Korean food service facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.607-618
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• 2023

Pervasive research underscores the direct correlation between an enhanced safety climate and a marked reduction in accidents. The intricacies of safety climate are governed by three pivotal strata: organizational management, on-site operations, and the broader enterprise framework. Within an organizational context, sustaining optimal performance across these layers poses a considerable challenge, often attributable to the constraints of available managerial bandwidth. It becomes imperative, then, to conceive a phased enhancement blueprint for the safety climate. To orchestrate this blueprint with precision, a discerning understanding of the hierarchy of safety climate metrics is essential, which subsequently guides judicious managerial resource allocation. This investigation is anchored in elucidating the hierarchical significance of safety climate metrics through the Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP). Implementing the AHP framework, both a questionnaire was disseminated and a subsequent analysis undertaken, culminating in the extraction of relative priorities of safety climate determinants. Consequent to this analysis, "workers' safety prioritization and risk aversion" emerged as the foremost dimension, holding a significance weight of 0.1900. Furthermore, within the detailed elements, "unwavering adherence to safety mandates amidst demanding operational constraints" ranked supreme, manifesting a weight of 0.6663. The findings encapsulated in this study are poised to be foundational in sculpting improvements at an institutional level and devising policies, all with the end goal of fostering an exemplar safety climate within construction arenas.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.48
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• pp.1-40
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• 2024

Time can be the fundamental basis of religious doctrine and the foundation for a life of faith. Therefore, understanding a religion's interpretation of time and exploring its perception is accepted as one of the approaches to comprehending its principles. Based on this idea, this article delves into how chronos (measured time) and kairos (experienced time) are manifested in Daesoon Jinrihoe. In Daesoon Jinrihoe, the moment when chronos and kairos intersect is considered a moment of spiritual experience. Ethical codes are accomplished in the midst of the process of defining this time as the Heavenly Dao and adjusting human affairs accordingly. These ethics lead individuals towards a religious life. East Asian traditions also apply this logic, but Daesoon Jinrihoe differs in that it emphasizes reinterpreted ethics. Furthermore, Daesoon Jinrihoe posits that Degree Numbers (度數) are a device that ensures the transition from chronos to kairos. Degree Numbers, which are both a law of the universe's motion and a function of time, were emphasized by the Kang Jeungsan when he advocated for the discarding of old ways and the creation of the new ways. He thereby urged humans to live in accordance with time. Time is also facilitated in the dimension of ritual observances and participation, with examples including prayers, devotional offerings, and holy works (gongbu, 工夫). Those rituals of Daesoon Jinrihoe actively incorporate a unique basis of reason for this style of engagement with time, which is one of the aspects that is held to secure justification.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.43-67
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• 2016

Although many studies have stressed the importance of technology in service innovation, the roles of technology in service innovation are at the center of debates in the service innovation literature. One major research stream regards technology as a trigger for other innovation based on resource advantage theory. Conversely, another major stream considers it as an enabler of other innovations based on complementary theory. The contradictory situation induces the necessity to better understand the role of technology in service innovation. Therefore, this study aims to identify the role of technology in service innovation. This study investigates the role of technology in service innovation based on a service innovation orientation framework. Four service innovation orientations (i.e., service creation, service delivery, customer interaction, and technology) are identified on the basis of Den Hertog's 4D model. This study proposes a research model that examines the indirect effect of technology orientation on innovation performance through the service creation and service delivery orientations, and the effect of technology orientation on firm performance as a moderator between customer interaction orientation and firm performance. Based on empirical data from 193 knowledge-intensive business service firms in Korea, we explain the role of technology in service innovation. The results indicate that technology orientation influences both service creation and service delivery orientations as an antecedent but customer interaction orientation as an enabler. The three service innovation orientations, which are directly and indirectly influenced by technology orientation, positively affect firm performance. The findings also show that the role of technology is different depending on the type of service innovation orientation in this study.