• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.199-203
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• 2021

A 4-year-old Thoroughbred mare was brought to the Korea Racing Authority Equine Hospital with heightened sensitivity to touch of the hindquarter, reluctance to step forward, frequent urination even during training, clitoral winking, tail swinging, tail lifting, and training difficulties due to being in constant heat. The trainer claimed that she was in heat and exhibited reduced performance. Physical and lameness examinations revealed no abnormality. Rectal palpation and transrectal ultrasonography revealed normal reproductive organs and estrus. As she exhibited typical estrous behavior without any other physical conditions, the mare was considered to express undesirable estrous behavior. An intrauterine glass ball was inserted into the mare on ovulation day. However, the estrous behaviors were reduced unsatisfactorily. Additionally, 1 mL of peanut oil was administered on the 10th day after the intrauterine device insertion. The mare returned to training and expressed no undesirable estrous behavior over 30 days after the peanut oil treatment. However, further follow-ups were not conduct as the mare was retired to a farm after a limb injury occurred during training. This is the first report of undesirable estrous behavior in a Thoroughbred mare under the rules of racing in Korea. It is recommended that equine clinicians in Korea consider peanut oil as a therapeutic agent to control mares' estrous behavior-related problems.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.11.1-11.5
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• 2023

A seven-month pregnant four-year-old Thoroughbred mare with colic weighing 600 kg was referred to the Jeju National University Equine Hospital. A physical examination and ultrasound suggested epiploic foramen entrapment. The patient underwent ileum resection and end-to-side jejunocecostomy. After surgery, the horse showed a consistent pain when introduced to feeding. A repeat laparotomy was performed to enlarge the stoma size with side-to-side jejunocecostomy. The repeat laparotomy was successful, and the mare gave birth uneventfully. This report describes a case of small intestinal epiploic foramen entrapment and the clinical outcomes of the 2 consecutive laparotomies a Thoroughbred mare in late gestation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

This study carried out to investigate the genital tract bacterial flora of Thoroughbred mare in Jeju province during March and July, 2006. The specimens were collected from vaginal ucosa and clitorial fossa using a culture swab (BBL, USA) from 100 Thoroughbred mares. Colonies were selected blood and MacConkey agar plate, and identified as standard biochemical properties using Biolog system (Thermo, USA). In this study, 470 gram-negative strains were isolated more frequently than 249 gram-positive strains. We were Isolated Escherichia coli (19.8%), Proteus mirabillis (14.9%), Enterobacter nimipressuralis (7.4%), Enterobacter mobilis (4.7%), Aeromonas encheleia (4.3%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (3.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.9%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.2%), Coagulasenegative Staphylococcus spp. (10.0%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.2%), Enterococcus faecium (8.0%), Actinomyces viscosus (7.2%), Micoroccus diversus(6.8%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis(5.2%), Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (3.2%), Other non-beta hemolytic Streptococcus spp. (2.0%) and many others from vaginal mucosa and clitorial fossa in Thoroughbred mares. No significant bacteria (Taylorella equigenitalis and Klebsiella pneumonia) were isolated from the mare genital tract. In antimicrobial agents susceptibility test, it shows a high sensibility in the antibiotics of the most which excepts the streptomycin and neomycinm, kanamycin, spectinomycin, compound sulfonamides. Especially, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were visible a high sensibility in the all antibiotics. However, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp. and E. coli were showed a high antibiotic resistance patterns. These results may provide the basic information to establish strategies for the treatment and prevention of reproductive disease in Thoroughbred mares in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the breeding efficiency in Thoroughbred mare. A total of 106 mares were investigated for the status of follicle (462 cases), ovulation (179 cases) and pregnancy (346 cases). Of total examination, 46.8% was follicle measure to determine breeding time, and mating rate per cases examined was 39.9%. There was no correlation between reproductive results and size of follicles or endometrial edema or degrees of teasing alone. 143 cases were ovulated among 179 cases which were performed ovulation examination, and ovulation rate and fertilization rate per mating times were 79.9% and 39.0%, respectively. The use of hCG(human chorionic gonadotropin), to facilitate ovulation, presented to increase occurrence of double ovulations and twin fertilizations In conclusion, though more examination to estimate the optimal breeding time and higher mating rate was performed, fertilization rate per mating times was lower and then reproductive efficiency also became decreased. Therefore, it seemed that accurate examination of reproductive tracks, appropriate teasing programme and hCG administration before ovulation were of help to improve ovulation rate and fertilization rate.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2011

Two 4-day-old Thoroughbred foals with acute clinical signs of depression, elevated pulse and respiratory rates, anemia, and jaundice were referred to the equine hospital of Korea Racing Authority. The foals were seemingly normal at birth, but showed clinical signs such as abnormal behavior, jaundice and anemia suddenly after ingestion of the mare's colostrum, followed by death at 4 days after birth. According to the results of the hematology, serum chemistry analysis, jaundice foal agglutination test, and blood groups test, the foals were diagnosed as neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) caused by the mare's antibodies. These results suggested that the pregnant mares have a potential for NI.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2004

A total of 301 Thoroughbred mares were investigated the characteristics of breeding in the local areas in Jeju during the period from February 2000 to July 2001. The pregnancy rate and foaling rate in 143 mares were 93.0%, 72.0%, respectively, and mean gestational length was 339.3 days in 2000. The pregnancy rate in 158 mares was 86.7% in 2001. Mature follicles were ovulated in right(46.0%), left(45.2%), and bilateral(7.8%) ovary. The incidence of multiple pregnancies in 158 mares between 15 days and 45 days after mating were 89.3%(single), 10.1%(twin), and 0.6%(triple). The incidence of EED was 13.3%. Also uterine cyst and fluid had an bad influence on mare's pregnancy. These results suggest that regular monitoring of the pregnancies and maintaining of good uterine condition improve the pregnancy rates and foaling rates during breeding season.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.286-289
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• 2009

Perineal laceration commonly occurs due to dilation of the birth canal at the time of foaling in primiparous mares. A 7-year-old Thoroughbred mare was presented with faecal contamination of the external genitalia. She was having history of constant straining three days after the mare's first foaling. Physical examination revealed the tearing extended from the deep part of vagina through muscles of the perineal body involved rectal floor and anal sphincter. Tentative diagnosed was third-degree perineal laceration therefore one-stage surgical procedure and a modified surgical procedure at three-week intervals was performed. During postoperative care for 3 weeks, soft faces was a key factor in success. After 3 weeks, the patient was recovered to normal condition completely.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.486-489
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• 2009

An 8-year-old Thoroughbred mare showing anestrus for longer than 6 months with left ovarian mass was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University. For 6 months, the mare had received 2 times hormonal therapies with $PGF_2{\alpha}$ and progesterone. The mare had not responded to these therapies and not shown estrous behavior. On rectal palpation, the left ovary was enlarged and contralateral ovary was small and inactive. Transrectal ultrasonographic examination of the left ovary revealed a mass composed of multiple, irregularly shaped follicles. Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) was suspected according to her history. Ovariectomy was performed through the left flank laparotomy with a standing position in a simple chute located outside of horse farm. The mass was diagnosed as GCT on histopathology. The mare was recovered without any problem and became pregnant next spring.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2003

Papillary cystadenocarcinoma is an uncommon ovarian neoplasm of domestic animals, with the possible exception of the bitch. In the horse ovary, it is rare as compared with benign epithelial tumors. This case reports the gross and histopathological finding of cystadenocarcinoma in a 10-year-old, clinically healthy Thoroughbred mare. (omitted)

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.292-294
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• 2007

Endometrial biopsy in the horse is an important technique for maintaining breeding soundness by detecting changes related with reduced fertility and monitoring response to specific uterine therapy. A 13-year-old thoroughbred mare had been in trouble with repeated breeding for getting pregnant before the sample of endometrial biopsy was offered to investigate the possibility of pregnancy in the future. Based on the tissue sections examined, the prognosis for this mare to conceive and successfully carry a foal to term was estimated to be 10 to 50%.