• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2019

Objectives : In present study, we investigated a therapeutic effect of Astragali Radix on hypothyroidism rat model induced by 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU). Methods : Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups : Group one included the normal mice. Group two was administrated PTU. Group three and four were administrated the aqueous extract of Astragali Radix 150 and 300 mg/kg before start of PTU treatment. Group five (Positive control) was administrated with levothyroxine 0.5 mg/kg. During this moment the body weight, liver $H_2O_2$ and catalase (CAT) amount, serum thyroid hormone, serum asparte aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gland weights were measured with histopathological changes of thyroid glands. These results were compared with levothyroxine 0.5 mg/kg treated rats. Results : The PTU treatment lead to marked decreases of body weight, level of thyroid hormone in serum and liver CAT activation. Also, PTU treatment increased thyroid gland weight, thyroid gland hormone TSH, liver $H_2O_2$ amount and level of AST in serum. On the other hands, the administration of Astragali Radix extract increased body weight gains and ameliorated histopathological changes of thyroid such as hyperplasia of follicular cells with of follicular colloid contents and sizes. In addition, the administration of Astragali Radix extract increased level of $T_4$ in serum, CAT activation in liver. Moreover, the administration of Astragali Radix extract decreased levels of TSH and AST in serum and $H_2O_2$ amount in liver Conclusions : This study suggests that Astragali Radix extract has therapeutic effects on hypothyroidism via promoting thyroid hormone production.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.369-375
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• 1999

Hyperthroidism in known to alter the activity of a number of enzymes involved in the catabolism of histidine to CO2. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase(EC 1.5, 1.6, 10-formyl-THE dehydrogenase) catalyzes the NADP-dependent conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO2. In previous studies, 10-formyl-THF dehydrogenase purified from rat and pig liver was coidentified with the cytosolic folate-binding protein. In this study, we investigated the effects of feeding thyroid powder (TP) and thiouracil(TU) on the folate-binding properties of 10-formyl-THE dehydrogenase, the uptake of an injected dose of [3H] folate, and the metabolism of labeled folate to pteroylopoly-${\gamma}$-glutamate in rat liver. The initial hepatic uptake(24hr) of the labeled folate dose was higher in TU-rats and slightly higher in TP-rats in controls. With longer time periods, decreased hepatic uptake of labeled folate was observed in TP-animals compared to euthroid animals, and high levels of hepatic uptake of labeled folate were maintained in TU-animals. This data shows that high levels of thyroid hormone decreased the retention of folate in rat liver. Folate polygutamate chain length was shorter in TU-rats than controls, which suggests that thyroid states do not affect the ability to synthesize pteroylpolyglutamates and that folate polyglutamate might be modulated by altered folate pool size. The ability of 10-formyl-THE dehydrogenase to bind folate in rat liver was similar in both TP-and TU-rats although dehydrogenase activity was changed by thyroid sates.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.99-116
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• 2002

Thiazolylazo 화합물과 barbituric산, uracil, thiouracil, citrazinic산 chromotrotropic산, gallict산, pyrogallol 그리고 salicylic산의 Co(II), Ni(II) 그리고 Cu(II) 착화합물의 제조하였고, $^1H$ NMR, IR, 그리고 전기 흡수 스펙트럼에 대한 pHdudgid에 의하여 규명하였다. 이온화형태, 전기적 전이 그리고 해리상수에 대하여 설명하였다. 구리 착화합물은 등방형 ESR스펙트럼이었으며 자기적으로 궤도 기여를 갖는 묽은 성질이었다. 상세한 DTA데이타를 얻었고, 그 결과를 토론하였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.101-101
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• 2002

GH-transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kitsutch) juveniles in tGH＊T$_3$and tGH*PTU were fed with the diets containing 1 ug/g fish of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T$_3$) and 30 ug/g fish of 6-n-propyl-2- thiouracil (PTU), respectively, to assess the effect of these drugs on the change of physiological activity, growth and survival rate in comparison with normal transgenic (tGH＊C) and nontransgenic coho salmon (Wild) for 90 days. Although the daily food intakes of all transgenic (tGH)-groups were higher than Wild, the amount was reduced by exogenous PTU supply. The fred efficiencies of tGH-groups were lower than Wild, but the efficiency was reduced both by T$_3$and PTU. The survival rate of tGH-group was significantly higher than that of Wild, but there was no significant difference among tGH-groups. Although the growth of tGH-coho salmon was faster than Wild. the growth rate of transgenic salmon was increased by exogenous T$_3$, but was reduced by PTU Plasma TT$_4$levels of tGH-groups was approximately 2-fold higher relative to Wild, but there were no difference of plasma TT$_4$levels among tGH-groups. plasma TT$_3$level or tGH-coho salmon was increased by exogenous T$_3$administration, but was reduced by exogenous PTU. In addition, although plasma GH levels of all tGH-groups were higher than that of Wild, the GH level in plasma of transgenic coho salmon was increased by exogenous T$_3$and reduced by exogenous PTU. In the meantime, the transgenic fishes also displayed head, jaw and opercular abnormalities typical of the offsets of this gene construct in coho salmon, indicating that some imbalance in growth processes has been induced. However, the abnormalities of transgenic coho salmon was reduced following exogenous PTU administration.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.879-887
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was done to investigate the effects of JMT on hypothyroidism in rats. Materials and Methods : After pretreatment with 50mg/kg thiouracil for 30 days, the experimental group was treated with 0.56g/kg JMT orally and the control group was treated with 0.56g/kg of normal saline instead for 20 days. The various indicators related to hypothyroidism were measured, such as T3-uptake content, T3 content, T4 content, TSH content, hematological values, enzyme activity, total cholesterol content, Na+ content change in the serum and body weight of rats induced by thiouracil. Results : The JMT-treated group showed significant increase in comparison with the control group in serum T3-uptake and T4 content. The JMT-treated group also showed significant decrease in comparison with the control group in serum TSH content. However, the JMT-treated group did not show significant increase in comparison with the control group in serum T3 content. The JMT-treated group showed significant increase in comparison with the control group in serum RBC. The JMT-treated group showed significant decrease in comparison with the control group in serum CPK, ALP, LDH content and serum total cholesterol content. The JMT-treated group did not show significant increase in comparison with the control group in serum Na+ content. The JMT-treated group showed significant decrease in comparison with the control group in body weight. Conclusions : These results suggest that JMT is useful in treatment of hypothyroidism.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1997

Aspergillus fumigatus IFO 5840이 생산하는 cytosine deaminase에 미치는 cytosine analogue의 영향을 조사하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. Cytosine deaminase의 강한 저해를 나타내는 cytosine analogue는 2-thiouracil, 2-thiocytosine, 2-mercaptopyrimidine, 및 6-azacytosine이었다. 2. 본 효소에 대한 2-thiocytosine 및 6-azacytosine의 50% 효소활성 저해농도(HIC)는 각각 0.80mM과 1.15mM이었다. 3. 2-thiocytosine은 일정한 수준에서 본 효소의 반응을 정지시키는 반면, 6-azacytosine은 반응시간에 비례하여 일정한 비율로 저해하였다. 4. 2-thiocytosine과 6-azacytosine은 cytosine이나 5-fluorocytosine의 기질 종류에 관계없이 본 효소의 저해제로 작용하였으며 2-thiocytosine이 6-azacytosine보다 약 2배 정도의 높은 저해를 나타내었다. 5. cytosine을 기질로 하였을 경우, 2-thiocytosine과 6-azacytosine에 의해 경쟁적 저해를 나타내며 이들에 대한 Ki값은 각각 4.5$\times$10-4M과 1.756$\times$10-3M이었으며 cytosine, 2-thiocytosine 및 6-azacytosine에 대한 Hill 계수(Hn)는 각각 1.80, 1.81, 2.45로 나타났다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.3382-3388
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• 2011

Reaction of barbituric acid (BA), 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid (DMBA) and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) with cyanogen bromide and aldehydes in the presence of L-(+)-tartaric acid afforded a new route for the synthesis of stable heterocyclic 5-aryl-1H,1'H-spiro[furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6,5'-pyrimidine]2,2',4,4',6'(3H,3'H,5H)-pentaones which is a dimeric form of barbiturate (uracil and thiouracil derivative). In the reaction of 1,3-diethyl thiobarbituric acid (DETBA) the Knoevenagel condensation and then Michael adducts were obtained under the same condition. Structure elucidation is carried out by $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, FT-IR and Mass analyses. Mechanism of the formation is discussed.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1974

A number of antibiotics and organic compounds were tested for their effect on the multoplication of tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) in floating leaf discs. 1)Among six antibiotics tested, kanamycin sulfate showed 24% or more inhibition to TMV multiplication under these experimental conditions. Aureomycin hydrochloride and chloramphenicol showed 19% and 14% inhibition respectively. 2)For screening of organic compounds two environments were used, a diffuse day- light environment (25 foot-candles and laboratory temperature) and an artificial light environment for 12 hours per day(300 foot-candles at 4 to $5^{\circ}C above laboratory temperature). A wide range of organic compounds increased virus multoplication in the diffuse daylight environment but had less effect, or ingibited virus multiplication, in the artificial light environment. 3)The following compounds were among the most effective in increasing TMV multiplication: glucose-1-phosphate, L-aspartic acid, glucose, and 5-bromouracil. The following compoumds were most effective in inhibiting TMT multiplication: thiouracil, uracil, DL-isoleucine, L-leucine, and zinc chloride.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.443-446
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• 2013

In this work, a novel strategy is provided to prepare silver nanoplates by a fibronectin (Fn) nanofibril template. First, Fn molecules were controlled to assemble into amyloid-like nanofibrils in highly concentrated ethanol aqueous solution. The resultant nanofibrils could serve as a soft template to direct the formation of silver nanoplates. It is worth noting that the silver nanoplates are excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate with 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) molecule as a test probe. This high active SERS substrate can also be used to detect drug molecule, 2-thiouracil with high sensitivity.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.1000-1010
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• 2008

Objective : Hypothyroidism is a syndrome characterized by symptoms such as cold intolerance, or weight gain. Because of side effects of Western medicine treatment, interest in oriental medicine has been increasing. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of Evodiae fructus and histological modification in hypothyroidism rat model induced by PTU(6-propyl, 2-thiouracil). Methods : After inducing hypothyroidism in the rats by PTU injections, we divided the rats into four groups, the Evodiae fructus 100 500, control, and $LT_4$ (levothyroxine) groups. After 2 weeks Evodiae fructus and $LT_4$ were administered, respectively. The weight was measured once a week. After sampling the blood for biochemical analysis to check the levels of $T_3$, $T_4$ and TSH, the thyroid tissue was removed, stained with H&E, and an image was obtained using an optical microscope. Results : Compared with normals, controls showed low $T_4$ and high TSH. The Evodiae fructus group showed a statistically meaningful $T_3$ increase to be dose related. But the levels of TSH showed no meaningful difference between the Evodiae fructus group and normals. About the biochemical tests(liver, kidney etc) and weight change, there was no meaningful difference between the Evodiae fructus group and controls. In the biopsy, the Evodiae fructus group showed thyroid tissue improvement compared to controls. Conclusions : These results show that Evodiae fructus stimulates the decreased functions of the thyroid, and also has thyroid cell protecting effects. The lab results also showed that Evodiae fructus is a safe substance that doesn't cause hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. Therefore it is an effective substance in the treatment of hypothyroidism.