• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.144-160
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• 2013

This study is a proposal, which is the trial to explicate, in neurology, on how critical thinking as a creative method of sciences functions. The creative methods of sciences, even at present, are mostly the hypothetical insistences concerning with the logical processes of researches suggested from the philosophers of science; Popper, Kuhn, Hempel, or Lakatos. These insistences do excavate what process or approach can be scoped out of scientists' creativity. I call the tendency or approach of the researches, "Process Approach of Creativity (PAC)". From my view point, any PAC trial does not concern with how creative theories can actually be invented. On the other hand, this study is focused on the philosophical thinking abilities of scientists who invented new great theories. They mostly had some experiences to study philosophy while studying their science fields, thus had critical thinking abilities on their studies. From my point of view, critical thinking in philosophy raised questions as to their fundamental and basic (old) concepts and principles, and thus gave them new creative theories. I will try to explain this from the point of neurophilosophy. From the perspectives coming from "the state space theory of representation" of Paul & Patricia Churchland, the pioneers of neurophilosphy, the "creative theories" are the networks of topographic maps giving new comprehensive explanations and predictions. From these perspectives, I presuppose that the attitude of critical questioning revises the old networks of maps with back-propagation or feedback, and thus, is the generative power of searching new networks of maps. From the presupposition, I can say, it is important that scientists reflect on the basic premises in their academic branches for issuing out extraordinary creativity. The critical attitude of philosophy can make scientists construct the maps of new conceptual scheme by shaking the maps of the old basic premises. From this context, I am able to propose "Critical Thinking Approach of Creativity (CTAC)".

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.277-288
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of team-based learning using concept mapping on critical thinking disposition and metacognition on college of nursing students. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The experimental group was provided team-based learning using concept mapping. The control group was provided team-based learning. A total of 77 nursing students participated. Results: The experimental group increased significantly in critical thinking, however, there were no significant differences in critical thinking or metacognition between the two groups. The four essential themes extracted were as follows: (1) Expanding the scope of thinking; (2) Strengthening learning competency; (3) Enhancing communication skill; and (4) Burden of new learning method. Conclusion: The findings indicate that team-based learning using concept maps may be an effective teaching-learning method for nursing students.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2005

This paper investigates psychological differences between constructors and interpreters of causal maps. This paper argues that dissipation effects and dilution effects applies to those who are to interpret causal maps not to those who construct them. Dissipation effects are psychological tendency that people perceive causal effect as weak as the number of causal links increases. Dilution effects occur when people undervalue the strength of causal relation as the number of causal variables increases. Experimental results show that concentration effects opposite to the dissipation effects and dilution effects explain more correctly the perception of constructors of causal maps. This paper points out that this asymmetric psychological tendencies between constructors and interpreters of causal maps is the psychological source of the communication problems between systems thinkers and their clients.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.131-153
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to explore the applicability of the causal maps for estimating creativity. This study assumes that fluency, flexibility, originality and elaboration are elements of creativity; and there are common characteristics between systems and creative thinking. For this study, 30 students from the 5th grade create causal maps which are consisted of the contents of 'the water cycle in the earth'. The causal maps are analyzed and evaluated by focusing on the characteristics of creativity. In way of the marking causal maps based on creativity, each word is scored as 1 point on the basis of 30 points for fluency. Each word which is linked more than one word is scored 3 points for flexibility, but the maximum points are limited as 35 points. In originality, if it is approved each word is worthy as well as originality, it is scored as 10 points on the basis of 40 points. Lastly, each number of cycle loops is scored as 15 points for elaboration, and the maximum scores are limited as 45 points. As is stated above, the limiting of the maximum scores are designed based on corresponded to 10% students of participators. In the result of this study, the students' scores of evaluating creativity applied causal maps show similar patterns from relative point of view to the other results which were evaluated the creativity by credible organ. Consequently, it is recognized that the causal maps have the possibility of being able to estimate quantitatively the creativity.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.81-96
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• 2006

Real-Time Enterprise concept comes out as an alternative to reduce the increasing uncertainty of the business environment recently. And lots of companies want to get Real-Time concept into their organizations. However, studies on RTE are not sufficient yet, from defining to realizing it. Thus, this study defines RTE activities with the RTE definition of Gartner and derives RTE critical success factors. During this study, system thinking is used to make interactions of RTE variables clear, and causal maps, generated by system thinking, are applied to derive CSF.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

This study was conducted to understand the effect of team-based clinical practice education using conceptual maps on the learning attitude, self-directed learning, and critical thinking of nursing students. The subjects of this study were 80 nursing college students taking clinical practice courses. Data analysis was performed with descriptive statistics and paired t-test using SPSS 22.0 program. As a result of the study, it was found that the learning attitude (p< .000), self-directed learning (p< .000), and critical thinking (p< .000) scores were statistically significantly improved before and after education. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to develop and apply a systematic team-based clinical practice program using concept maps to nursing students, and this result can be used as a variety of teaching-learning methods that reflect the characteristics of the subject.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.730-738
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• 2022

Based on visual Thinking theory, VR(virtual reality) game changes the traditional form of memory and maps the content into game elements to realize the immersive spatial memory mode. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of game design and system function construction. This paper proposes a hypothesis: with the help of visual thinking theory, VR game is helpful to improve learners' visual memory, and carries out research. The experiment sets different levels of game through empirical research and case analysis of memory flip game. For example, when judging two random cards. If the pictures are the same, it will be judged as the correct combination; if they are different, the two cards will be restored to the original state. The results are analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis and AMOS data analysis. The results show that game content using the concept of "Memory Palace", which can improve the accuracy of memory. We conclude that the use of spatial localization characteristics in flip games combining visual thinking can improve users' memory by helping users memorize and organize information in a Virtual environment, which means VR games have strong feasibility and effectiveness in improving memory.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-69
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze nursing students' proficiency with ST(Systems Thinking) approach concerning asthma patient nursing process. For this study, 20 nursing students created causality cognitive maps which were consisted of the contents of 'asthma nursing care'. The word association and causality cognitive map were used to estimate ability of the ST. As a result, the students failed to understand the nursing process with the ST approach, or alternatively they applied low level ST approach and had a lower understanding of it. The findings of this study suggest that the development of a ST-based nursing educational program in order for nursing students to improve their ST ability as well as knowledge integration for multidisciplinary practice.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.91-104
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• 2017

The purposes of this study were to analyze high school students' understanding about the Earth system and systems thinking process, and to develop science writing programs designed to assess students' understanding about themes of Earth Science such as global warming, volcanoes, and desertification. A total of 8 $11^{th}$ grade students from general high schools participated in the writing program and draw the causal maps. The methods of this study are as follows. First, DAET-C was used to investigate the way of students' understanding about the Earth systems. What the students' best understood was the component of the Earth systems followed by the interaction of the Earth systems and the scientific literacy of Earth science. Second, feedback circulations on the causal maps were found in four students in global warming section, one student in volcanic eruption section, and four students in desertification section, which means that systems thinking was not largely employed by the students. Consequently, the student participants understood that the global change was happening in correlation with complex concepts and factors, but they were short of using systems thinking in their science study. Therefore, the result of this study suggests that more studies be conducted to develop systems thinking in Earth Science learning through science writing programs.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.75-91
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• 2020

The purposes of this study are 1) to develop a pre-education program for teaching the basic concepts of systems thinking and STEAM program based on systems thinking and 2) to investigate the effects of the program on middle school students' systems thinking. The subjects were 4 seventh-graders and 4 ninth-graders in a middle school located in the province of Gyeongsangbuk-do. Data related to students' systems thinking was analyzed using the rubrics developed by Hung(2008). The results were reviewed by experts to verify the validity of the rubrics and the reliability of students' system thinking. In addition, the data analyzed with the rubrics, students' awareness of systems thinking, word associations, causal maps and interviews were systematically analyzed to investigate the effects of the program on students' systems thinking. The findings of this study were as follows: First, a pre-education program and teachers' guidebook for teaching and learning the concept of systems thinking and causal maps were developed. The pre-education program consisted of familiar TV entertainment program-Infinite Challenge (Muhandojeon)-with a theme of Global Warming. Second, a STEAM education program based on systems thinking which was composed of 5 steps: Analysis-Design-Build-Assessment-Systems thinking. The major theme of the program was an air extinguisher. The developed STEAM education program had positive effects on improving middle school students' systems thinking abilities such as understanding systems, relations within a system and system generalization. Therefore, it was concluded that the STEAM program could be instrumental for cultivating students' STEAM literacy with improved systems thinking.