• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1197-1205
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of feeding DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBA) and DL-methionine (DLM) supplemented corn-soybean-cottonseed meal diets on growth performance, carcass composition, and muscle color of broilers. The trial was designed as a $2{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial experiment, including two methionine (Met) sources (HMTBA and DLM), three equimolar graded levels of Met supplementation (i.e., 0.08, 0.16, and 0.24% in the starter diet and 0.07, 0.14, and 0.21% in the grower and finisher diets, respectively), and two sexes (male and female). Additionally, one basal diet for each sex was formulated to be limiting in Met to test the dosage response of increasing supplemental Met levels. Four hundred and twenty 10-d-old broilers were randomly allotted to 14 treatments (seven each for males and females), with five replicate pens per treatment and six chicks per pen. There was no difference (p>0.05) between the two Met sources in growth performance and muscle deposition of broilers throughout the whole experimental period (d 10 to 49). With the increasing Met supplementation levels, average daily gain was increased (quadratic; p<0.01) during the starter, grower, and overall phases, average daily feed intake was increased (quadratic; p<0.01) during the starter phase, and feed:gain ratio was decreased (quadratic; p<0.05) during the grower and overall phases. At the end of finisher phase, Met supplementation increased breast muscle content (quadratic; p<0.01) and thigh muscle content (linear; p<0.05), and decreased abdominal fat content (quadratic; p<0.02). Compared to the broiler fed DLM, broilers fed HMTBA had superior breast and thigh muscle coloration (p<0.01). Male broilers had higher weight gain and feed intake and better feed conversion than female broilers (p<0.01). The fat content of thigh muscle in female broilers was higher than that of male broilers (p<0.03). The best fit comparison of HMTBA vs. DLM was determined by Schwarz Bayesian Criteria index, which indicated that the average relative bioefficacy of HMTBA vs. DLM was 120% with 95% confidence limit 67 to 172%. These results indicated that Met supplementation improved growth performance and carcass quality of broilers fed corn-soybean-cottonseed meal diets irrespective of Met sources. Compared to DLM, HMTBA has the same molar bioefficacy on improving the growth performance and carcass quality of broilers; however, HMTBA fed birds had superior meat color to DLM fed birds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.857-864
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of interaction between $1{\alpha}$-hydroxycholecalciferol ($1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$) and phytase on growth performance, parameters of tibia and plasma, and meat quality of 1- to 21-d-old broilers. Two hundred and forty male, 1-d-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to 20 cages, with 12 chicks per cage. Five treatments were designed, with four cages each. A 2${\times}$2 factorial experiment was designed to test 0 and 5 ${\mu}g/kg$ of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ in combination with 0 and 500 U/kg of phytase. A basal diet was formulated to contain 2.9 g/kg of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and the control diet was formulated to contain a normal level of NPP (4.5 g/kg). Results showed that $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ alone increased tibia ash, contents of calcium and phosphate, breaking strength, concentrations of plasma calcium and phosphate, and water-holding capacity of breast and thigh meat, while it decreased growth of broilers. Phytase alone improved performance and tibia quality. Although growth of broilers was lower than that of the positive control when the diet was supplemented with $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ and phytase, tibia quality was significantly improved by the addition of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ and phytase. These data suggest that interaction between $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ and phytase at 2.9 g/kg of dietary NPP could significantly increase bone quality of 1- to 21-d-old broilers, while not improving growth performance.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.430-436
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• 2009

A component of pine bark extract, pitamin, is known as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent that exerts a variety of physiological effects; this compound has also been used widely in human beings. A 35-day trial was conducted to determine the influence of dietary pitamin premix via a sensory evaluation and evaluations of the TBARS, and meat quality in broiler chicken. We used 4 treatments groups: Control, Antibiotics, Pitamin premix 0.1%, and Pitamin premix 0.2%. The amino acid and protein contents in chicken breast muscle did not differ among the treatment groups. The pH of broilers fed on diets containing pitamin premix was lower (p<0.05) than broilers fed on the control and antibiotics diets, whereas the WHC was significantly higher in chicken breast muscles fed on the diet containing pitamin premix compared to the control and antibiotics groups (p<0.05). The TBARS is intended to be increased during the storage period (in days), and was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the chicken thigh muscles with skin from broilers fed on the diet containing the pitamin premix as compared to the control and antibiotics group (p<0.05). The sensory evaluation of boiled chicken, with the exception of the antibiotics group, revealed significantly better results from chickens fed on diets containing pitamin premix than the control group (p<0.05). These results suggest that dietary pitamin premix may improve the shelf life, flavor, taste, and meat quality in broiler chicken.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of the black soldier fly (bsf) larvae on growth performance, carcass rate, and fatty acid profile of chicken meat in broiler chicks. Four hundred eighty 1-d-old broilers (Ross 308) were distributed into 3 treatments with 4 pens at 30 birds per replicate. Treatments were corn-soybean meal based broiler diet (control) and the basal diet replaced with bsf at the level of 3 and 6% respectively. Viability was not different significantly. Body weight gain was higher in control than other treatments. Feed intake was not statistically different of treatments. Feed conversion ratio was lower in control than other treatments. Relative weight of breast meat was significantly increased in all treated groups than in control. But, another relative weights of chicken meat cuts (thigh, wing, neck, back) were not significantly different among the groups. In conclusion, it could be suggested that dietary supplementation of black soldier flylarvae could beneficially improved the performance on broiler.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.63-101
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• 1982

A study was conducted to investigate the possibility of improving the effectiveness of the existing method(s) to estimate the edible meat weight in live broiler chicken. Four. breeds of chicken, white Cornish broiler chicks(parent stock), Single Comb White Leghorn(SCWL) egg strain chicks (parent stock), and two reciprocal cross breds of these parent stocks were employed in this study. A total of 480 birds, 60 male and 60 female chicks for each breed, were used. Ten male and 10 female chicks from each breed were randomly sacrificed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of ages in order to measure the body weight, edible meat weight of breast and 1eg(thigh and drum-stick), various components of body weight and various body shape measurements. In addition, chemical analyses of edible meat were carried out. Results obtained from this sturd were summarized as follows. 1. The average body weights of White Cornish broiler chicks and SCWL egg strain chicks were 1.82${\pm}$0.048kg(X${\pm}$S.E.) and 0.67${\pm}$0.029 kg. respectively, at 8 weeks of age. The feed to gain ratio for White Cornish and SCWL chicks were 2.24 and 3.28, respectively, for 0 to 8 weeks of age. The reciprocal cross bred chicks (White Cornish ${\times}$ SCWL) showed intermediate values in both parameters.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.203-208
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• 2007

Organic duck's carcass weight was lower than general duck's because of the differences in breed and feeding method, but there was no difference in carcass percent among them. The rate of organic duck's fresh breast meat(17.62%) was significantly higher than that of general duck's(11.95%)(p<0.05). The rate of fresh leg meat rate was lower in organic duck, but there was no significant difference among them(p>0.05). The pH of breast and leg measured immediately after butchering were 6.48 and 6.73 in organic duck, respectively and there was significant difference among them(p<0.05). According to the sensory test, the texture, odor, tenderness, and taste showed better preference in organic duck than those of broiler chicken. According to above physicochemical analysis and sensory test, organic duck showed higher pH, higher shear force, and lower cooking loss. Therefore, it is considered to be very valuable to develop the exploitation of meat product in organic duck which had good quality and tastiness.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1773-1780
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• 2018

Objective: This study was to evaluate effects of mixed plant oils (identified as mixed oil 1 [MO1] and mixed oil 2 [MO2]) on performance, serum composition, viscera percentages, meat quality, and fatty acid deposition of broilers. Methods: A total of 126 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks (weighing $44.91{\pm}0.92g$) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatments with 7 replicate pens per treatment (6 broilers per pen). Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 3% soybean oil (CTR), basal diet with 3% MO1 (a mixture of 15% corn oil, 10% coconut oil, 15% linseed oil, 20% palm oil, 15% peanut oil and 25% soybean oil; MO1), or basal diet with 3% MO2 (a combination of 50% MO1 and 50% extruded corn; MO2). The trial consisted of phase 1 (d 1 to 21) and phase 2 (d 22 to 42). Results: Compared to CTR, broilers fed MO (MO1 or MO2) had greater (p<0.05) average daily gain in phase 1, 2, and overall (d 1 to 42), redness in thigh muscle, concentrations of serum glucose, serum albumin, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio in breast muscle, while these broilers also showed lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) drip loss and concentrations of C18:3n-3 and PUFA/SFA ratio in breast muscle. Broilers fed MO2 had higher (p<0.05) liver percentage, while broilers fed MO1 had lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) feed conversion ratio in phase 1 and increased (p<0.05) contents of C18:2n-6, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, and n-3 PUFA in breast muscle compared to CTR. Conclusion: Mixed plant oils had positive effects on performance, serum parameters, meat quality, liver percentage and fatty acid deposition in broilers, which indicates they can be used as better dietary energy feedstocks than soybean oil alone.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2011

This study were investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of ground Kalopanax pictus leaves powder on pH, total phenol contents, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, TBARS, WHC, shear force, meat color, sensory evaluation, and fatty acid composition of chicken meat. Broiler chicks were fed diets for five weeks containing 0% Kalopanax pictus leaves powder (Control), 0.5% Kalopanax pictus leaves powder (T1), 1.0% Kalopanax pictus leaves powder (T2), and 2.0% Kalopanax pictus leaves powder (T3). The pH and TBARS were significantly decreased by the supplementation of Kalopanax pictus leaves powder compared to the control (P<0.05). The total phenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly increased by the supplementation of Kalopanax pictus leaves powder compared to those of the control group (P<0.05), and especially, T3 was significantly (P<0.05) more effective in improving freshness compared to other treatment groups. The WHC and shear force were not significantly different. CIE $L^*$ and $a^*$ value of treatment groups (especially T3) showed significantly higher value compare to the control, however, no difference in the CIE $b^*$ values was observed among treatment groups. In fatty acid composition, linolenic acid of chicken meat was increased by the supplementation of Kalopanax pictus leaves powder than compared to those of the non-supplementation group. In conclusion, a supplementation of Kalopanax pictus leaves powder was effective in decreasing pH and TBARS, and increasing total phenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2012

The trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of sea buckthorn leaves (SBL) on meat flavor in broilers during heat stress. A total 360 one-day-old Arbor Acre (AA) broilers (male) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates pens pretreatment and 15 birds per pen. The control group was fed a basal diet, the experimental group I, II and III were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% SBL, respectively. During the 4th week, broilers were exposed to heat stress conditions ($36{\pm}2^{\circ}C$), after which, muscle and liver samples were collected. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to measure the content of inosine monophosphate (IMP); Real-Time PCR was performed to determine the expression of the ADSL gene. The results showed that the content of breast muscle IMP of group I, II and III was significantly increased 68%, 102% and 103% (p<0.01) compared with the control, respectively; the content of thigh muscle IMP of group II and III was significantly increased 56% and 58% (p<0.01), respectively. Additionally, ADSL mRNA expression in group I, II and III was increased significantly 80%, 65% and 49% (p<0.01) compared with the control, respectively. The content of IMP and expression of ADSL mRNA were increased by basal diet supplemented with SBL, therefore, the decrease of meat flavor caused by heat stress was relieved.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.187-190
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• 2008

Eosinophilic myositis lesions are characterized by severe eosinophil infiltration along muscles of affected animals. The exact cause of the lesion remains controversial and the carcass is condemned once this lesion is seen during meat inspection. A cow slaughtered in Chonbuk province, Korea was observed to have disseminated pale foci throughout the musculature; meat samples were obtained and macroscopically investigated. Cut ends of neck and thigh muscle tissues showed variably sized, multifocal pale white-grayish nodular lesions. Histopathological examination consistently revealed inflammatory lesions with adjacent infiltration of eosinophilic granulocytes and focal necrotic calcification. However, no parasites, including Sarcocystis sp., could be discerned in the affected carcass. This case was diagnosed as idiopathic eosinophilic myositis in cattle.