• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2009

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) analysis shows that film thickness is very flat in the contact area and pressure distribution is somehow similar to that of Hertzian contact pressure except the outlet region with pressure spike. These typical patterns of EHL film thickness and pressure are the cases under the steady contact conditions of applied loads and speeds. However, many engineering contacts are rather under the conditions of varying loads and contact speeds, and therefore the predictions for endurance life and performance of machine elements with steady EHL analysis are not suitable in many occasions. This study shows the differences in film thickness formation and pressure distribution between steady and transient contact conditions in several contact cases.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2013

Vacuum-assisted thermoforming is one of the critical steps for successful application of film insert molding (FIM) to make parts of complex shape. If the thickness distribution of the formed film is non-uniform, then cracking, deformation, warpage, and wrinkling can easily occur at the injection molding stage. In this study, the simulation of thermoforming was performed to predict the film thickness distribution, and the results were compared with experiments. Uniaxial tensile tests with a constant crosshead speed for various high temperatures were conducted to investigate the stress-strain behavior. An instance of yielding occurred at the film temperature of $90^{\circ}C$, and the film stiffness increased with increasing crosshead speed. Two types of viscoelastic models, G'Sell model, K-BKZ model, were used to describe the measured stress-strain relationship. The predicted film thickness distributions were in good agreement with the experimental results.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.281-284
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• 2008

Film insert melding is one of the surface processes that enhances functional or aesthetic qualities of an existing product's surface. In general, film insert molding consists of three processes including thermoforming, trimming and injection molding. Thermoforming, which is the first process of film insert molding, is the most important process because the variation of film thickness has an effect on the mold design and process conditions for the subsequent processes, that are, trimming and injection molding. This study is focused on predicting the film thickness distribution through film insert thermoforming process using commercial FEM code. In order to describe rheological behavior of thermoplastic film (ABS), G'Sell's viscoelastic constitutive law was adopted. The numerical model of film insert thermoforming was established, and the simulation to predict film thickness distribution was performed. Comparison between the results of simulation and experiment was made to validate the proposed finite element analysis.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2021

Due to the problem of environmental pollution by plastics, it is necessary to decrease their consumption. In the case of PET bottles, it is essential to reduce the thickness of the bottle for the reduction of plastic used. For manufacturing PET bottles with reduced thickness, it is a prerequisite to design a preform with reduced thickness and study its molding capability. In this study, the injection molding capability was investigated after reducing the body thickness of the preform to 15% and 20%, respectively, for the two preform models currently in use. Injection molding analysis was performed on the existing models and on the models for reduced weight, under the molding conditions of the existing models. Using the computed results, temperature distribution, pressure distribution, deformation and clamping force were compared. Based on the analysis, the injection conditions of the preform model with less thickness were discussed.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.2217-2222
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 이중게이트(Double Gate; DG)MOSFET의 채널내 전위와 전하분포의 관계를 가우스 함수를 이용한 포아송방정식으로부터 유도하고자 한다. 즉, 도핑분포는 가우스 함수를 이용하였으며 변수인 이온주입범위 및 분포편차에 대하여 문턱전압이하 스윙과 산화막 두께의 관계를 관찰하고자 한다. 포아송방정식으로부터 해석학적 전위분포 모델을 구하였으며 이를 이용하여 산화막 두께에 대한 문턱전압이하 스윙값의 변화를 구하였다. 문턱전압이하 스윙은 게이트전압에 대한 드레인전류의 변화를 나타내고 이론적으론 최소값 60 mV/dec을 나타내며 디지털소자응용에 매우 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구의 모델이 타당하다는 것을 입증하기 위하여 포텐셜 분포값을 수치해석학적 값과 비교하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 제시한 포텐셜모델이 수치해석학적 시뮬레이션모델과 매우 잘 일치하였으며 도핑분포에 따라 문턱전압이하 스윙과 산화막두께의 관계를 분석하였다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.115-132
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• 2024

This paper introduces an improved shear deformation theory for analyzing the buckling behavior of functionally graded plates subjected to varying temperatures. The transverse shear strain functions employed satisfy the stress-free condition on the plate surfaces without requiring shear correction factors. The material properties and thermal expansion coefficient of the porous functionally graded plate are assumed temperature-dependent and exhibit continuous variation throughout the thickness, following a modified power-law distribution based on the volume fractions of the constituents. Moreover, the study considers the influence of porosity distribution on the buckling of the functionally graded plates. Thermal loads are assumed to have uniform, linear, and nonlinear distributions through the thickness. The obtained results, considering the effect of porosity distribution, are compared with alternative solutions available in the existing literature. Additionally, this study provides comprehensive discussions on the influence of various parameters, emphasizing the importance of accounting for the porosity distribution in the buckling analysis of functionally graded plates.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.377-386
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• 1999

The stress distribution in a symmetrically laminated composite plate subjected to in-plane compression are evaluated using finite element analysis. Six different finite element models are created for the study of stresses in the plate after buckling. Two finite element modelling approaches are adopted to obtain the stress distribution. The first approach starts with a full model of shell elements from which sub-models of solid elements are spin-off The second approach adopts a full model of solid elements at the beginning from which sub-models of solid elements are created. All sub-models have either 1-element thickness or 14-element thickness. Both techniques show high interlaminar direct and shear stresses at the free edges. The study also provides vital information of the distribution of all components of stresses along the unloaded edges in length direction and also in the thickness direction of the plate.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 1998

Influence of final thickness distribution in superplastic forming processes on mechanical properties of the product becomes very crucial. We should improve the thickness distribution of products by combining process parameters adequately In this paper we adopt a non-linear optimization technique for optimal process design of superplastic forming. And optimum design variable which makes the most adequate thickness distribution in combined stretc/blow forming and blow forming is predicted by this optimization scheme and rigid-viscoplastic finite element method.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.438-443
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• 2016

We developed an Al sputtering process by varying the plasma power, process temperature, and film thickness. We observed an increase of hillock distribution and average diameter with increasing plasma power, process temperature, and film thickness. Since the roughness of a film increases with the increase of the distribution and average size of hillocks, the control of hillock formation is a key factor in the reduction of Al corrosion. We observed the lowest hillock formation at 30 W and $100^{\circ}C$. This growth characteristic of sputtered Al thin films will be useful for the reduction of Al corrosion in the future of the electronic packaging field.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2011

Meso-scale or micro-scale forming of sheet metal parts has been recently considered as one of the important forming technologies with growing demand on meso/micro products for electric or medical devices. Experimental investigation on the cylindrical meso-cup drawing with hemispherical punch is carried out to examine the limit drawing ratio and thickness distribution of drawn cups. The working parameters chosen in this study are blank diameter, die-corner radius and blankholding force. It is found from the experiments that the limit drawing ratio of 2.4 can be achieved in the case of hemispherical cup drawing and uniform thickness distribution in wider region can be obtained compared with the results of conventional cup drawing.