• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2012

An equivalent lens is a lens which has the same total power of refraction and the same paraxial imaging characteristics for the marginal rays as another lens, but has a different axial thickness. In this study, an analytic lens conversion from a thick lens to its equivalent lens is investigated, then it is shown that the equivalent lens is a solution of a quadratic equation. Every thick lens corresponds to one of two real roots of this quadratic equation. Therefore, except in the case of a unique solution, the equation has a conjugate solution, the other of the two roots. The conjugate solution has the same axial thickness, power, and paraxial imaging characteristics, but it has different shape and aberration characteristics. The characteristics of an equivalent lens and its conjugate solution are examined by using a sample lens.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 1998

The equivalent lens conversion is extended to lens group conversion, and the more generalized conversion method is developed. The new conversion method can be used for hte direct thick-to-thick lens conversion. By using the equivalent lens conversion, a thin lens system can be converted into various thick lens system which have different axial thicknesses, but those converted lens systems have identical paraxial property and similar aberration characteristic. For an example, the equivalent lens conversion technique is applied to modification of a thelephoto lens design. The axial thicknesses of the front group elements of the system are reduced to 75% of their original values. The modified design by using the equivalent lens conversion has same focal length with original, and it has smaller aberration changes than the other design of which axial thicknesses are changed only.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.305-313
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• 1996

Lens design method by using equivalent lenses was already introduced, but the method has a limitaion that all lenses should be in the air. Therefore, we often get improper solution in designing cemented lenses. In this study, the lens conversion from thick lens to equivalent lens and its reversal was generalized without any preconditions, and the third order aberration fomulrae were derived for the generalized equivalent lens system. The generalized equivalent lens conversion were applied to typical cemented doublet and triplet, and they show that the third order aberrations of the generalized equivalent lenses have better agreements with their corresponding thick lenses than the previous conversion method.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2014

The equivalent of a thick lens is a lens which has the same power of refraction and paraxial imaging characteristics for a reference ray, but with a different axial thickness. In this study, thick lenses of an optical system were converted to their equivalent lenses referenced to pupil imaging. Aberration changes due to the lens conversion were compared to the general equivalent lens conversion referenced to object imaging.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.721-722
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• 2007

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.349-359
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• 2008

For an inner-focusing 3-groups zoom lens system, this study suggests a new initial design method which applies the process that changes thin lenses into thick ones effectively and quickly, using the hybrid lens system(thin lens+thick lens). In other words, the hybrid lens system is the semi-automatic design process that makes the thin lens of one group change into a thick one while the other groups are composed of thin lenses. Keeping the total power of the system fixed, the power of each group and the distance between principal planes can be fixed. Of course, the other groups composed of thin lenses could be changed into thick lenses sequentially by this process. This design conception results in the 1/4" 5 M inner-focusing 3-groups 2x zoom lens system satisfying the specifications and performances of zoom lens for phone cameras. Also aspherization on lens elements of glass and plastic material enhanced the resolution and reduced the lens size. As a result, we have an ultra-compact inner-focusing 3-groups 2x zoom lens system for a phone camera, with a slim size with TTL of 9.8 mm.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.283-290
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• 2016

This study presents an 8x four-group inner-focus zoom lens with one-moving group for a compact camera by use of a focus tunable lens (FTL). In the initial design stage, we obtained the powers of lens groups by paraxial design based on thin lens theory, and then set up the zoom system composed of four lens modules. Instead of numerically analytic analysis for the zoom locus, we suggest simple analysis for that using lens modules optimized. After replacing four groups with equivalent thick lens modules, the power of the fourth group, which includes a focus tunable lens, is designed to be changed to fix the image plane at all positions. From this design process, we can realize an 8x four-group zoom system having one moving group by employing a focus tunable lens. The final designed zoom lens has focal lengths of 4 mm to 32 mm and apertures of F/3.5 to F/4.5 at wide and tele positions, respectively.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

In the optical application demand for high quality lens is increasing. Plastics lenses are demanded more than glass lenses for large size lenses as well as micro-size lenses. It is difficult to apply typical straight cooling channels of injection mold to lens molding due to its non-uniform temperature distribution. In this study, we manufactured molds for plastic lenses with the conventional cooling channels and conformal cooling channels produced by the DMLS process. We evaluated cooling performance for the 2 molds by injection molding experiment. Also, uniformity of the temperature distribution was tested by infrared camera and temperature monitoring. We confirmed that the cooling performance and temperature uniformity with the conformal cooling channels is much improved from the ones with the conventional. The cooling time with the conformal cooling channels was reduced 30% compared with the conventional cooling channels.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2019

We investigated the application of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) coatings to fabricate a glass lens manufactured using a glass molding process (GMP). In this work, ta-C coatings with different thickness (50, 100, 150 and 200 nm) were deposited on a tungsten carbide (WC-Co) mold using the X-bend filter of a filtered cathode vacuum arc. The effects of thickness on mechanical and tribological properties of the coating were studied. These ta-C coatings were characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nano-indentation measurements, Raman spectrometry, Rockwell-C tests, scratch tests and ball on disc tribometer tests. The nano-indentation measurements showed that hardness increased with an increase in coating thickness. In addition, the G-peak position in the Raman spectra analysis was right shifted from 1520 to $1586cm^{-1}$, indicating that the $sp^3$ content increased with increasing thickness of ta-C coatings. The scratch test showed that, compared to other coatings, the 100-nm-thick ta-C coating displayed excellent adhesion strength without delamination. The friction test was carried out in a nitrogen environment using a ball-on-disk tribometer. The 100-nm-thick ta-C coating showed a low friction coefficient of 0.078. When this coating was applied to a GMP, the life time, i.e., shot counts, dramatically increased up to 2,500 counts, in comparison with Ir-Re coating.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.557-561
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• 2009

This paper presents a prototype of high resolution 3D display with a new principle. We have proposed a new 3D display which has the features of both Integral Imaging (II) and volumetric display. The proposed display consists of two lens arrays and a thin volumetric display. When the viewer watches a thin volumetric display through two lens array, he can perceive a thick 3D image. In other words the two lens arrays can play a role of a convex lens which has a large diameter as a amplification of a depth. The advantage of the proposed display is that it has higher resolution than II and it is smaller than volumetric display with a large convex lens. In this paper, we show a detail of a prototype 3D display. We took various errors into consideration when we simulated 3D display and we found suitable lenses parameter from the simulation result. Then we confirm that the prototype will be able to reconstruct 3D images.