• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.449-463
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• 2011

A free vibration analysis is made of a moderately-thick toroidal shell based on a shear deformation (Timoshenko-Mindlin) shell theory. This work represents an extension of earlier work by the authors which was based on a thin (Kirchoff-Love) shell theory. The analysis uses a modal approach in the circumferential direction, and numerical results are found using the differential quadrature method (DQM). The analysis is first developed for a shell of revolution of arbitrary meridian, and then specialized to a complete circular toroidal shell. A second analysis, based on the three-dimensional theory of elasticity, is presented to cover thick shells. The shear deformation theory is validated by comparing calculated results with previously published results for fifteen cases, found using thin shell theory, moderately-thick shell theory, and the theory of elasticity. Consistent agreement is observed in the comparison of different results. New frequency results are then given for moderately-thick and thick toroidal shells, considered to be completely free. The results indicate the usefulness of the shear deformation theory in determining natural frequencies for toroidal shells.

• 소음진동
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.411-418
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• 1997

A method to analyze the axisymmetric vibration and the internal pressure of the fluid filled, strength member embedded infinite cylindrical shell under the condition of axial static tension load applied is presented. As an example, the hose wall vibration and the internal pressure variation characteristics of a fluid filled infinite polyurethane hose are analyzed and dicussed, under the effects of the variation of the embedded strength members and the response positions.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.457-464
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• 2005

A three-dimensional (3-D) method of analysis is presented for determining the free vibration frequencies and mode shapes of thick, complete (not truncated) conical shells of revolution, Unlike conventional shell theories, which are mathematically two-dimensional (2-D). the present method is based upon the 3-D dynamic equations of elasticity. Displacement components $u_{r},\;u_{z},\;and\;u_{\theta}$ in the radial, axial, and circumferential directions, respectively, are taken to be sinusoidal in time, periodic in , and algebraic polynomials in the r and z directions. Potential (strain) and kinetic energies of the conical shells are formulated, the Ritz method is used to solve the eigenvalue problem, thus yielding upper bound values of the frequencies by minimizing the frequencies. As the degree of the polynomials is increased, frequencies converge to the exact values. Convergence to four-digit exactitude is demonstrated for the first five frequencies of theconical shells. Novel numerical results are presented for thick, complete conical shells of revolution based upon the 3-D theory. Comparisons are also made between the frequencies from the present 3-D Ritz method and a 2-D thin shell theory.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.59-91
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• 2016

Laminated composite shells are commonly used in various engineering applications including aerospace and marine structures. In this paper, using semi-analytical finite strip method, the buckling behavior of laminated composite deep as well as thick shells of revolution under follower forces which remain normal to the shell is investigated. The stiffness caused by pressure is calculated for the follower forces subjected to external fibers in thick shells. The shell is divided into several closed strips with alignment of their nodal lines in the circumferential direction. The governing equations are derived based on first-order shear deformation theory which accounts for through thickness-shear flexibility. Displacements and rotations in the middle surface of shell are approximated by combining polynomial functions in the meridional direction as well as truncated Fourier series with an appropriate number of harmonic terms in the circumferential direction. The load stiffness matrix which accounts for variation of loads direction will be derived for each strip of the shell. Assembling of these matrices results in global load stiffness matrix which may be un-symmetric. Upon forming linear elastic stiffness matrix called constitutive stiffness matrix, geometric stiffness matrix and load stiffness matrix, the required elements for the second step analysis which is an eigenvalue problem are provided. In this study, different parameter effects are investigated including shell geometry, material properties, and different boundary conditions. Afterwards, the outcomes are compared with other researches. By considering the results of this article, it can be concluded that the deformation-dependent pressure assumption can entail to decrease the calculated buckling load in shells. This characteristic is studied for different examples.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2010

본 연구는 비등방성 원통형 쉘의 휨문제에 대한 해석 기법을 제시하였다. 비등방성 원통형 쉘의 지배방정식을 해석하기 위해 유한요소법을 사용하였다. 두꺼운 쉘이론과 얇은 쉘이론을 사용하여 쉘의 폭-두께비 및 여러 가지 경계조건을 갖는 비등방성 원통형 쉘에 대한 해석결과를 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구의 수치해석 결과는 비등방성 원통형 쉘의 휨 거동 분석에 기여할 것으로 보인다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2010

본 논문은 군용 공중폭발탄에 사용하는 발진기의 에러를 최소화 하고, 그 효율을 극대화하기 위하여 시뮬레이션과 매우 유사한 형태의 통계적 모델링 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 일정하고 안정된 출력을 내는 실제 모델에서 실험 계획에 의하여 얻은 데이터로부터 통계적인 해석을 통하여 새로운 형태의 방정식을 구하였다. 그리고 그것을 바탕으로 각각의 전자 부품들을 출력과 일치되도록 모델링 한 후, 출력 예측이 가능한 시뮬레이션을 수행하고, 실제 모델의 출력 데이터와 비교하여 그 유용성, 정확도 및 정밀도를 입증하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2019

Nacre of abalone shell features a "brick-and-mortar" microstructure, in which micro-plates of calcium carbonate are bonded by nanometers-thick layers of chitin and proteins. Due to the microstructure and its unique toughening mechanisms, nacre possesses an excellent combination of specific strength, stiffness and toughness. This study deals with the possibility of using nacre fragments obtained from abalone shell for making a bulletproof armor system. A composite plate laminated with abalone shell fragments is made and compression and bend tests are carried out. In addition, a bulletproof test is performed with hybrid armor systems which are composed of an alumina plate, a composite plate, and aramid woven fabric to verify the ballistic performance of nacre. The compressive strength of the composite plate is around 258.3 MPa. The bend strength and modulus of the composite plate decrease according to the plate thickness and are about 149.2 MPa and 50.3 GPa, respectively, for a 4.85 mm thick plate. The hybrid armor system with a planar density of $45.2kg/m^2$, which is composed of an 8 mm thick alumina plate, a 2.4 mm thick composite plate, and 18 layers of aramid woven fabric, satisfy the NIJ Standard 0101.06 : 2008 Armor Type IV. These results show that a composite plate laminated with abalone shell fragments can be used for a bulletproof armor system as an interlayer between ceramic and fabric to decrease the armor system's weight.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.731-748
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• 2003

In this paper a thick cylindrical shell with varying thickness which is subjected to static non-uniform internal pressure is analyzed. At first, equilibrium equations of the shell have been derived by the energy principle and by considering the first order theory of Mirsky-Herrmann which includes transverse shear deformation. Then the governing equations which are, a system of differential equations with varying coefficients have been solved analytically with the boundary layer technique of the perturbation theory. In spite of complexity of modeling the conditions near the boundaries, the method of this paper is very capable of providing a closed form solution even near the boundaries. Displacement predictions are in a good agreement with the calculated finite elements and other analytical results. The convergence of solution is very fast and the amount of calculations is less than the Frobenius method.

• 소음진동
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.156-166
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• 2001

This work uses tensor calculus to derive a complete set of three-dimensional field equations well-suited for determining the behavior of thick shells of revolution having arbitrary curvature and variable thickness. The material is assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic. The equations are expressed in terms of coordinates tangent and normal to the shell middle surface. The relationships are combined to yield equations of motion in terms of orthogonal displacement components taken in the meridional, normal and circumferential directions. Strain energy and kinetic energy functionals are also presented. The equations of motion and energy functionals may be used to determine the static or dynamic displacements and stresses in shells of revolution, including free and forced vibration and wave propagation.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.225-246
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• 2014

The present paper develops piezo-thermo-elastic analysis of a thick spherical shell for generalized functionally graded piezoelectric material. The assumed structure is loaded under thermal, electrical and mechanical loads. The mechanical, thermal and electrical properties are graded along the radial direction based on a power function with three different non homogenous indexes. Primarily, the non homogenous heat transfer equation is solved by applying the general boundary conditions, individually. Substitution of stress, strain, electrical displacement and material properties in equilibrium and Maxwell equations present two non homogenous differential equation of order two. The main objective of the present study is to improve the relations between mechanical and electrical loads in hollow spherical shells especially for functionally graded piezoelectric materials. The obtained results can evaluate the effect of every non homogenous parameter on the mechanical and electrical components.