• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 수용성 아크릴 에멀젼 접착제를 주성분으로 스틸렌 모노머(stylene monomer)와 메틸올 아크릴아미드 모노머(methylol acrylamide monomer)를 경화시키고, 여기에 산화환원제와 점도 조절을 통한 나노 탄소타일을 개발한다. 이때 수용성 아크릴 에멀젼 접착제(45 %)와 300~500메시(mesh) 코코넛 숯(55%) 파우더를 일정비율로 25~30분간 혼합 교반하면, 직경 1~3mm 구형체가 형성된다. 성형된 조성물은 소성온도 $90{\sim}300^{\circ}C$에서 30~90분가량의 소성과정을 거친 후 상온에서 건조시키면, 숯 성형물은 95% 이상 순수한 고형활성탄이 된다. 친환경 숯 성형물을 입증하기 위해 원적외선 비율, 에너지 분석, 가스농도 및 항균실험을 실시해 안정성을 확보한다.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate which information of cancer patients should be collected for the Korean medicine cancer registry in order to assess the efficacy and safety of Korean medicine (KM) treatment and to identify Korean medical prognostic predictors. Methods: A total of fifteen Korean medical specialists completed an online survey questionnaire including items about general characteristics of cancer patients and clinical practice patterns. Results: The four main types of cancer at Korean medical hospitals were breast, lung, stomach, and colorectal cancer. The majority of patients with cancer at Korean medical hospitals were in the advanced or metastatic stage (50.0%). The prominent purposes of KM treatment were to alleviate cancer-related symptoms, reduce the side effects of conventional therapy, and improve quality of life. The major options for treatment were traditional herbal medicine (THM), acupuncture, moxibustion, thermotherapy, pharmacoacupuncture, and meditation, with THM being the most frequently used (35.7%). Almost all Korean medical specialists (93.9%) used syndrome differentiation in clinical practice and identified over half the cancer patients as deficiency syndrome (57.2%). Conclusion: Physicians considered the primary goal of KM treatment for cancer patients to be symptom management since advanced or metastatic stage patients were the majority at Korean medical hospitals. THM were the most common treatment option and syndrome differentiation was used by almost all physicians. Further research is needed to monitor and ensure optimal KM treatment for patients with cancer.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.128-141
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the pain relief effect of lower abdomen warmer on primary dysmenorrhea patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and whether the using of warmer can supplement or replace the drugs. Methods: 30 women with primary dysmenorrhea were assigned to treatment group (n=15) and control group (n=15). At 1st visit, the treatment group was provided with a wirless multiuse warmer and trained to use at least three times per menstrual cycle. The control group was not provided with the warmer, and both groups were provided with a menstrual diary and instructed to record their pain intensity and dose of analgesic every menstrual period. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to assess the intensity of overall pain and the most severe pain during the menstrual period. And the total number of analgesic taken during menstruation and the average number of analgesic taken during a single dose were measured. Results: There was significant pain relief in the treatment group compared to before baseline, and there was a significant difference from the control group. In addition, there was no significant difference in the frequency of taking analgesic during the menstrual period between the treatment group and the control group, but the dose of analgesic was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group. Conclusions: This clinical trial showed that lower abdomen warmer would helpful in relieving primary dysmenorrhea and could help reduce the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.68-84
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study is to suggest the evidence of traditional Korean medicine by analyzing the clinical research trends of the Korean Academy of Medical Gi-Gong and to use it as reference data for future clinical studies. Methods : The clinical studies published in the Journal of the Korean Academy of Medical Gi-Gong from 2011 to 2019 were reviewed and the study design, yearly trends, patient's disease, therapeutic intervention, and outcome measure were analyzed. Results : Of the 24 clinical studies, there are 13 Case Reports, 9 Case Series Researches, and 2 Case-Control Studies. In terms of disease group, Musculoskeletal Diseases and female Diseases were the most common, followed by neurological Diseases, dermatological Diseases, and rare Diseases. In terms of treatment methods, acupuncture, herbal medicine, and Sugi therapy were mainly used. And cupping, thermotherapy, and Korean medical exercise therapy were used as a supplement. As an evaluation tool, clinical symptom change was the most common, followed by DITI, VAS, survey, and X-ray. In most reports, Korean medical treatment has been effective in treating diseases. Conclusions : More clinical studies including controlled clinical trials should be conducted to provide a basis for verifying the effectiveness of Korean medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2022

Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent and disabling joint disease in the world. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) exercise is a widely used treatment and could be a beneficial and long-term tool for treating TMJ OA. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of therapeutic exercise in the conservative treatment of TMJ OA. Materials and Methods: A single-group experimental pre-post test was performed. We included patients who met the diagnostic criteria for TMJ OA. Outcome variables were pain intensity (visual analogue scale), functionality (Helkimo index), and structural changes (ultrasound). Follow-up periods were at months 1, 3, and 6. The intervention included a home-based program with thermotherapy, manual therapy, and therapeutic exercise during the entire follow-up period. Results: We included 15 patients and 26 joints, all women with a median age of 57 years (range, 49-62 years). Median change in pain intensity on joint palpation, mouth opening, and at rest at the first month was 47.5 mm, 51 mm, and 60 mm, respectively, and 48 mm, 49.5 mm, and 42.5 mm, at six months (P=0.001). The Helkimo index showed significant improvement in medians from baseline severe dysfunction (17 points) to minimal dysfunction at three and six months (2 points) (P=0.001). Ultrasound showed improved disc position. Conclusion: This study demonstrated significant improvements in pain, function, and joint disc position and represents a valuable tool for the long-term treatment of patients with TMJ OA.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2019

사과(Malus pumila)는 국내에서 가장 경제적으로 중요한 과수 중의 하나이다. 하지만 사과 바이러스 감염은 생산량을 감소시키고 수확량 손실과 과일 품질 저하와 같은 심각한 문제를 야기한다. 국내에 감염된 사과 바이러스 및 비로이드 종류는 Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV)와 Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) 등이 알려져 있다. 사과는 바이러스나 비로이드에 감염되어 있어도 대체로 이상한 징후가 발견되지 않아 바이러스로 인해 피해가 많았다. 본 연구는 사과 왜성대목 M.9 및 M.26의 무독묘 생산을 위하여 고온처리($37^{\circ}C$, 6주), 화학처리(Ribavirin) 및 생장점 배양하여 바이러스 제거 처리를 하였다. 바이러스 검출에 일반적으로 사용되는 방법은 효소면역 측정법(ELlSA)과 중합효소연쇄반응(RT-PCR)을 이용하였는데, RT-PCR은 ELlSA방법보다 10 ~ 30% 더 민감하였다. 사과 왜성대목 바이러스 검정 결과, 바이러스 제거 효율은 생장점 배양이 가장 높았다. 생장점 배양 후 바이러스 무병묘의 획득율은 30 ~ 40%로 높게 나타났다. 생장점 배양에서 사과 왜성대목 M.9은 ACLSV, ASPV 및 ASGV의 비율이 각각 45%, 60%, 50%로 높았고, 사과 왜성대목 M.26에서는 ACLSV, ASPV 및 ASGV의 감염율은 각각 40%, 55%, 55%였다. 이상의 결과, 사과 왜성대목에서 무독묘를 생산할 수 있는 가장 효과적인 방법은 생장점 배양에 의한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2005

바이러스에 감염된 감귤나무를 생육상에서 주간 $40^{\circ}C$, 야간 $30^{\circ}C$로 열처리한 후 발생한 신초를 $0.3\~0.7\;\cal{mm}$ 로 잘라내어 기내에서 치상한 탱자 (P. trifoliata) 대목에 접목하는 열처리와 경정접목 (shoot-tip grafting)을 병행한 방법으로 무독묘 생산에 성공하였다. 감글 바이러스 즉, citrus tristeza virus (CTV), satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) and citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV) 에 대한 무독화율은 각각 $75.7\%,\;100.0,\%\;82.6\%$ 였다. 경정접목 시 접수크기는 $0.3\;\cal{mm}$ 이하 일때 바이러스 무독화율이 높았으나 절목 후 활착율은 저하되었다. 열처리 후 경정배양 (shoot-tip culture)을 하여 1 개월 후에 활착율을 조사한 결과 Yuzu (C. junos)는 $74.6\%$, 그리고 early satsuma mandarin (Iwasagi)은 $13.3\%$를 나타내었다. 그러나 항바이러스제인 rivabirin을 첨가한 후 무독효과를 보기 위하여 후대배양 중에 온주밀감의 특성상 갈변되어 고사함으로서 무독묘를 생산하지 못했다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2012

Objectives : Indirect moxibustion is one of the thermotherapy in Korean medicine and buffer of ginger and mankshood slice are common materials to be used. However it is difficult to control the power of thermal stimulation and the stimulation is greatly influenced by the characteristic of buffer. So we research on the buffer characteristic of indirect moxibustion according to the thickness, diameter and water content changes. Methods : We used thermocouples to measure temperature from surface to depth of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14mm on tissue model and calculated peak temperature($^{\circ}C$). The data were analyzed with student t-test and one-way ANOVA(p<0.05). Results : 1. The peak temperature of indirect moxibustion with ginger were determined by thickness of ginger slice and temperature changes according to the thickness at intervals of 1mm but according to the diameter at intervals of 4mm. 2. The peak temperature of indirect moxibustion with mankshood were determined by thickness of mankshood slice also. The peak temperature of mankshood moxibustion was higher than that of ginger moxibustion. 3. In this study, 2mm-thick-ginger slice and 3mm-thick-mankshood slice were suitable for indirect moxibustion. Variation in the thickness of which is more efficient to control the power of thermal stimulation on indirect moxibustion. 4. The more water loss we got on ginger slice, the higher peak temperature we measured at the surface of moxibustion. But the thermal stimulation was not conducted more than 2mm in the depth. 5. The thickness and water content of buffer are important in indirect moxibustion. Conclusions : The temperature of indirect moxibustion depends on the thickness of buffer than the diameter of it. Therefore, it is more efficient according to the thickness of buffer so that we control the power of thermal stimulation. And water content of buffer is one of the important factor in indirect moxibustion.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2008

Purpose: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of proteins that are activated when cells are exposed to a variety of environmental stresses, such as infection, inflammation, exposure to toxins, starvation, hypoxia, brain injury, or water deprivation. The activation of HSPs by environmental stress plays a key role in signal transduction, including cytoprotection, molecular chaperone, anti-apoptotic effect, and anti-aging effects. However, the precise mechanism for the action of small HSPs, such as HSP27 and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs: extracellular-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38MAPK, stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK), is not completely understood, particularly in application of cell stimulators including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), angiotensin II (AngII), tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$ (TNF$\alpha$), and $H_2O_2$. This study examined the relationship between stimulators-induced enzymatic activity of HSP27 and MAPKs from rat smooth and skeletal muscles. Methods: 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionizationtime-of-flight/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) analysis were used to identify HSP27 from the intact vascular smooth and skeletal muscles. Three isoforms of HSP27 were detected on silver-stained gels of the whole protein extracts from the rat aortic smooth and skeletal muscle strips. Results: The expression of PDGF, AngII, TNF$\alpha$, and $H_2O_2$-induced activation of HSP27, p38MAPK, ERK1/2, and SAPK/JNK was higher in the smooth muscle cells than the control. SB203580 (30${\mu}$M), a p38MAPK inhibitor, increased the level of HSP27 phosphorylation induced by stimulators in smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, the age-related and starvation-induced activation of HSP27 was higher in skeletal muscle cells (L6 myoblast cell lines) and muscle strips than the control. Conclusion: These results suggest, in part, that the activity of HSP27 and MAPKs affect stressors, such as PDGF, AngII, TNF$\alpha$, $H_2O_2$, and starvation in rat smooth and skeletal muscles. However, more systemic research will be needed into physical therapy, including thermotherapy, electrotherapy, radiotherapy and others.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.211-226
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to establish literatural evidence about traditional Korean medical physiotherapy through literatural review. Methods : Applicable paragraphs which were related to the traditional Korean medical physiotherapy were phrased from in "Hwang-je-nae-gyung(黃帝內經)", "Yumun-sa-chin(儒門事親)", "Geum-guei-yo-ryack(金匱要略)", "Eui-hack-ip-mun(醫學入門)", "Gyung-ack-jeon-seo(景岳全書)", "Eui-hack-gang-mock(醫學綱目)", "Dong-eui-bo-gam(東醫寶鑑)" where were archiving of Oriental or Korean medicine literatures. Searched paragraphs were analysed for establishing historical and theoretical bases of Korean medical physiotherapy. Results : 1. Theromtherapy is originated from yu(熨), hot hand, warm, water bath, warm earth, fumigation, lamp, torchlight and brazier. Matching indications are various musculoskeletal pain and diseases, skin diseases such as chronic inflammation, frostbite, gynecological and urogenital diseases such as uterine myoma, lower abdominal pain, metrorrhagia, breast diseases, digestive tract diseases such as vomiting, diarrhea, stomachache and also it treats cardiovascular disease. Other matching indications are sunstroke, rhinorrhea, psycosis and anal pain. And it used helping acupuncture therapy. 2. Cryotherapy is originated from lengfu(冷敷), lengtie(冷貼), cold stone and cold water. Matching indications are various fever disease, skin diseases such as acute inflammation, wound, fever skin disease, otorhinolaryngological diseases such as acute sore throat, otitis, stomatitis, nasal bleeding and contusions, abrasions, burn and dysuria. In addition, it treats extremity coldness, chillness, stomachache caused to accumulate fever. 3. Physiotherapy by circulating meridian system is originated from manipulation such as pushing, massage and beating to therapy point. Matching indications are musculoskeletal diseases such as various muscular pain, heavy sensation, convulsion, urogenital diseases such as dysuria, lower abdomen pain, digestive tract diseases such as stomachache, and paralysis due to blocked meridian system. And other matching indications are psycosis, leprosy, hypoesthesia, acute stroke. In addition it helps other therapy methods. In addition, the power of manipulation classify to strengthen and reduce. 4. Physiotherapy by balancing meridian system is originated from sunshine, magnet, horn, bamboo and tube. Sunshine helps improving self's care and cure inflammatory skin disease. Magnet's matching indications are paralysis, various injuries, abscess, fever and eye disease. Cupping therapy treats to skin diseases and internal diseases such as tuberculosis. Conclusions : Traditional Korean medical physiotherapy was widely used in traditional Korean medicine since ancient time based on the traditional Korean medical principle and anatomical knowledge. With modern physiotherapy and traditional Korean medicine together, effects of treatment are enhanced. And traditional Korean medical physiotherapy is appropriated to world physiotherapy's expectation.