• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.77-91
• /
• 2001

Backgrounds and purpose : The acupuncture of oriental medicine is very important in treatments. Until now it was been researched according to the meridian and qi xue(氣血) phenomenon of oriental medicine's theory. Acupuncture will show more objective index to observe the meridian. And then, I studied the effects on the thermal change of the Taeyon($L_9$) and Chungbu($L_1$) following acupuncture stimulation. Objective and Methods : This study was performed from December 1999 to February 2000 on 60 healthy students. The objective was divided into two groups, those are the control group A(N=30) that no acupuncture stimulation, the group B(N=30) of acupuncture stimulation on Taeyon($L_9$). First, in the control group A, I took a picture Taeyon($L_9$) Chungbu($L_1$) Taenung($P_7$) Chondol($CV_{22}$) area for 30 men without any stimulation with the Digital Infrared Thermograph Imaging(D.I.T.l.) and did same area, 10min after. Second, in the acupuncture stimulation group B, we took a picture Taeyon($L_9$) Chungbu($L_1$) Taenung($P_7$) Chondol($CV_{22}$) area for 30 men without any stimulation with the Digital Infrared Th - ermograph Imaging(D.I.T.I.), and then stimulate acupuncture on Taeyon($L_9$) and took a picture same area, 10min after. Results : 1. In healthy men, average skin temperture on Taeyon($L_9$) area was lower than Chungbu($L_1$) area about $3.0^{\circ}C$, in the Lt. Taeyon($L_9$) and Chungbu($L_1$) area was lower than Rt. Taeyon($L_9$) and Chungbu($L_1$) area. 2. In the acupuncture stimulation group B, the skin temperature of both side Taeyon($L_9$) area showed the increase or decrease significantly. But both Taenung($P_7$) area did not showed significantly. 3. In the acupuncture stimulation group B, the skin temperature of both side Chungbu($L_1$) area showed the increase or decrease significantly. But both Chondol($CV_{22}$) area did not showed significantly. 4. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Lung Meridian of the acupuncture stimulation group on Taeyon($L_9$) different from other Meridian with significantly change. Conclusion : The acupuncture stimulation on Taeyon($L_9$) affected the thermal change of the area which is a meridian point, in the Lung Meridian. And then I could relate these results with the existence of the meridian and meridian point. Thus, continuous thermographic study will be needed for the existence of the meridian and meridian point.

• 한국안광학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.247-253
• /
• 2015

목적: 열화상카메라를 이용하여 정상안 군과 건성안 군의 검결막과 안구표면의 서모그래피를 객관적으로 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 각막질환, 안외상, 누도이상자, 안과수술 병력 등 안구표면의 눈물막에 영향을 주는 질환이 없고 콘택트렌즈를 사용하지 않는 대학생 72명(144안)을 대상으로 하였다. TBUT, Schirmer I test, McMonnies test를 시행하여 정상안 군과 건성안 군으로 분류하고 열화상카메라(Cox CX series, Answer co., Korea)를 이용하여 안구표면과 검결막의 온도변화를 분석하였다. 결과: 정상안 군에서 안구표면 눈물막의 중심부, 코방향, 귀방향, 위, 아래방향에서 온도변화량은 $-0.13{\pm}0.08$, $-0.14{\pm}0.08$, $-0.12{\pm}0.08$, $-0.14{\pm}0.08$, $-0.10{\pm}0.09(^{\circ}C/sec)$이었고 건성안군에서는 $-0.17{\pm}0.08$, $-0.16{\pm}0.07$, $-0.16{\pm}0.08$, $-0.17{\pm}0.09$, $-0.15{\pm}0.08(^{\circ}C/sec)$로 중심부, 귀방향, 아래방향에서 유의성을 띠었다(p<0.05). 정상안 군으로 분류된 대상자의 중심부, 코방향, 귀방향의 검결막 온도는 $34.36{\pm}1.12$, $34.17{\pm}1.10$, $34.07{\pm}1.12^{\circ}C$였고, 건성안 군은 $34.17{\pm}1.10$, $33.43{\pm}0.97$, $33.51{\pm}1.06^{\circ}C$로 중심부에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.05). 결론: 건성안 군에서 정상안 군보다 안구표면의 온도 감소가 빠르게 나타났고 검결막의 온도도 낮은 것으로 관찰되었다. 열화상카메라를 활용한 안구표면의 온도변화는 눈물막의 안정성을 평가하는데 객관적이었으며 건성안 연구에 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.222-247
• /
• 1999

The back ground and purpose : The acupuncture of oriental medicine is very important in treatments. Until now it has been researched according to the meridian and qi xue(氣血) phenomenon of oriental medicine's theory. As electroacupuncture is one of acupuncture treatments, it will show more objective index to observe the meridian and qi xue(氣血) phenomenon. And then, I studied the effects on the thermal change of the face following electroacupuncture treatment. Objective and Methods : This study was performed from January 1999 to March 1999 on 10 healthy students. The objective was divided into three groups, those were the control group A(n=10), the group B(n=10) of electroacupuncture on Hapkok($LI_4$), Samgan($LI_3$) and the group C(n=10) of electroacupuncture on Shinmun($H_7$), T' ongni($H_5$). First, in the control group A, we took a picture for 10 men without any stimulation with the Digital Infrared Thermograph Imaging(D.I.T.I.) and did 3min after, 10min after, 15min after, 25min after, 45min after respectively. Second, in the electroacupuncture treatment group B, we took a picture for 10 men without any stimulation, and then treat electroacupuncture on Hapkok($LI_4$), Samgan($LI_3$) and took a picture immediately(3min after), 10min after, 15min after and remove needle and took a picture in the same way respectively. Third, in the electroacupuncture treatment group C, we took a picture for 10 men without any stimulation, and then treat electroacupuncture on Shinmun($H_7$), T'ongni($H_5$) and took a picture in the second way respectively. Results: 1. In healthy men, average skin temperture about Yonghyang($LI_{20}$) area was higher than Soryo($G_{25}$) or Chich'ang($S_4$) area. They were Soryo($G_{25}$) area $31.495{\pm}0.766^{\circ}C$, Rt. Yonghyang($LI_{20}$) area $31.664{\pm}0.936^{\circ}C$, Lt. Yonghyang ($LI_{20}$)area $31.686{\pm}0.767^{\circ}C$, Rt. Chich'ang($S_4$) area $31.226{\pm}0.875^{\circ}$, Lt. Chich'ang ($S_4$) area $31.453{\pm}0.855^{\circ}C$. 2. In the control group A, the skin temperature of Soryo($G_{25}$) showed the increase or decrease in below ${\Delta}0.1^{\circ}C\;except\;0.265{\pm}0.594^{\circ}C$ in 25min, but not significantly. 3. About Soryo($G_{25}$) area, the skin temperature decreased significantly after electroacupuncture immediately. ${\Delta}T $of the group B was $-0.970{\pm}0.87\;1^{\circ}C$, which was larger than one of the group C which was $-0.707{\pm}0.624^{\circ}C$ at 3min. And then ${\Delta}T$ of the group C was increase valuable at 25min, 45min. 4. About Yonghyang($L1_{25}$) area, the left ${\Delta}T$ of the group B showed below $0.2^{\circ}C$ or so in contrast to the right it. In the group C, on the both side showed continous increase of temperature as following times. 5. About Chich'ang($S_4$) area, the skin temperature increased valuable $0.3^{\circ}C$ or so on the both side and later inclined to decrease in the group B but not significantly. In the group C, it increased valuable on the both side. 6. The skin temperature of electroacupuncture treatment group B, C were more increase than the control group A except Lt. Yonghyang($LI_{20}$) area in the group B. The temperature of group C were more increase than the group B wholly. Conclusion : The above results indicate that D.I.T.I. is a useful method to observe and fallow-up the effects and the changes by electroacupuncture stimulation on objective evaluation of phenomenon for the meridian system and character. Thus, continuous thermographic study will be needed for more clinical application such as acupuncture and medicine or laser therapy according to oriental medicine.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.64-71
• /
• 2004

배경: 비디오흉강경에 의한 교감신경차단술은 본태성 다한증환자에서 수술 즉시 증세의 호전을 보이는 안전하고 효과적인 방법이다. 하지만 이것은 곤혹스러운 보상성발한과 같은 높은 빈도의 부작용 발생으로 상쇄된다. 그래서 본태성다한증에서 교감신경차단술의 차단범위와 부위에 따른 임상결과와 컴퓨터 적외선 체열 영상에 의해 측정한 온도 사이의 관계를 비교하고 평가하였다. 컴퓨터 적외선 체열 영상에 의해서 보상성발한의 정도와 분포를 더 객관적으로 그리고 정확하게 예기할 수 있는가, 또한 임상적 유용성을 확인하기 위해서 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 1월부터 2002년 6월까지 원광대병원 흉부외과학교실에서 다한증을 갖고 있는 28명의 환자에서 흉강경에 의한 흉부 교감신경차단술을 시행하였다. 환자는 각각 7명 인 4군으로 분리하였는데 I군은 제2번 T2 교감신경차단술, II군은 T3 교감신경차단술, III군은 T3,4 교감신경차단술 그리고 IV군은 T2,3,4 교감신경차단술을 시행하였다. 변수는 치료의 만족도, 보상성발한의 빈도, 족부 발한의 정도 그리고 DITI에 의해 측정한 전신의 체열 변화로 구성하였다. 결과: 나이와 추적기간에는 차이가 없었다. 모든 치료한 환자에서 수술 즉시는 만족할 만한 완화를 얻었다. 하지만 만기 시의 만족도는 I, II, III, IV군에서 각각 85.8%, 85.8%, 42.9%, 그리고 28.6%를 보였다. 곤혹스러울 정도 이상의 보상성발한은 I, II, III, IV군에서 각각 14.2%, 14.2%, 57.2%, 그리고 71.4%를 보였다. 족부 발한에서는 다소 호전을 보였으나 각 군 사이에 의미는 없었다. DITI에 의해 측정한 체열의 명백한 상승은 충분한 탈 신경을 암시하고 본태성다한증의 지속적인 완화를 예기할 수 있으며 체간부와 하지의 체열하강은 수술후의 만족도와 보상성발한과 일치하였다. 결론: 보상성발한의 정도와 빈도는 흉부 교감신경차단술의 범위와 부위에 밀접하게 연관된다. 제3번째 늑골상단에서 제2번 교감신경절의 하신경절 간 신경섬유의 차단이 다른 수술방법보다 실질적이고 최소 침습적 치료이다. 또한 DITI에 의해서도 보상성발한의 분포와 정도를 확실하게 그리고 객관적으로 예기할 수 있으며 임상적 유용성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.22-31
• /
• 2001

Objective : This study is designed to evaluate the correlation between the data of DITI (Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging) and the clinical symptoms in the patients with low back pain. Methods : Among the outpatients with back pain who visited to Department of Acupunture & Moxibustion, Tae gu Oriental Hopital of Kyung San University from January 2000 to August, we selected 115 cases that examined DITI. We evaluated the correlation between the data of DITI examination and the clinical symptoms (Distribution of Sex and Age, Duration of Disease, Main Sign, Grade of Clinical Symptoms, Diagnosis according to Symptoms(辨證),) in the patients with low back pain. Results & Conclusion : 1. The thermal changes in terms of the duration of disease : The acutest period has the highest thermal change. Also, the longer the duration of disease was, the higher the termal change was. It increased in the order of the acutest period, the less acute period, and the the chronical period. 2. Thermal changes due to the main symptom : The degree of thermal change was as follows (from the highest to the lowest): first, back and knee pain, second, back and leg pain, third, back and buttock pain, fourth, numbness of leg, and fifth, back and dorsum pain. 3. Thermal changes in terms of the grade of clinical symptoms : The more servious the symptoms were, the higher the thermal change was. It was increased in the order of Gr 1, Gr 2, Gr 3, and Gr 4. 4. Thermal changes depdning on symptoms diagnosis : Chwaseom(挫閃) has the highest temperature, $0.87{\pm}0.49^{\circ}C$. 5. Thermal changes before and after treatment : Before treatment, the average thermal change was $0.83^{\circ}C$ but after treatment, it was decreased to $0.38^{\circ}C$. For the above symptoms, if DITI is used, the diagnosis is easier based on the medical history of the patient who has back pain, and the degree of pain. However, if thermal change is soly used for diagnosis, it will be hard to determine the nature of sickness. Therefore, it should be folllowed by other supplementary examination.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2008

Purpose: During Postpartum period many women complain multiple pain, cold hypersensitivity, hot flush, sweating and so on. We call the postpartum disease as San Hu Pung. We studied characters of DITI Characters of women suffering from Postpartum disease. Methods: We studied 55 patients visiting OOhospital from February 2006 to November 2007. The subjects were categorized in two groups, symptom group(37) and no symptom group(18). We measured the temperatures of abdomen(CV17, CV12, CV4), upper and lower limb(PC8, LU4, LR3, ST32) and back(GB21, BL18, BL53). We studied the difference of DITI between two groups by Student T-test using SPSS for windows (version 12.0). Results: The general characteristics such as age, days of postpartum, primiparity, cesarean section, partum season, breast-feeding of two groups were not different statistically. Temperatures of abdomen(CV17, CV12, CV4) and back(GB21, BL18, BL53) of two groups were not different statistically. Temperatures of Lt. PC8 and both LR3 of symptom group were statistically higher than no symptom group. The difference between Lt. PC8 and LU4, both LR3 and ST32 of symptom group were statistically higher than no symptom group. Conclusion: The results suggest that women suffering from Postpartum disease shows high temperature on hand and foot. It seems that postpartum disease patients tend to have blood deficiency. DITI can be useful to diagnose San Hu Pung. The more studies to diagnose San Hu Pung would be needed.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.245-254
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical thermal resistances and comfort properties of ski wear made with vapor-permeable water repellent (VPWR) fabrics and thermal insulation battings. Four types of experimental clothing were made with the combination of two VPWR fabrics (Hipora-$TM^{\circledR}$, Hipora-$CR^{\circledR}$) and two thermal insulation battings ($Viwarm^{\circledR},\;Airseal^{\circledR}$). Thermal resistances of ski wear were objectly evaluated by thermal manikin experiment ($21{\pm}\;2^{\circ}C,\;50{\pm}5\%$ R.H.,0.25 m/sec air velocity) and thermographic accessment ($2{\pm}2^{\circ}C,\;0\%$ R.H.,0.25 m/sec air velocity, and emissivity level : 1). Garment wear tests of ski wear included the measurement of the microclimate (inner temp. and relative humidity) of the experimental clothing by digital thermohygrometer and subject wear sensation using McNall's thermal comfort ratings. CBo values of experimental clothing 4 (Hipora-$CR^{\circledR}+Airseal^{\circledR}$) and 1 (Hipora-$TM^{\circledR}+Viwarm^{\circledR}$) were significantly higher than those of 2 (Hipora-$TM^{\circledR}+Airseal^{\circledR}$) and 3 (Hipora-$CR^{\circledR}+Viwarm^{\circledR}$). Thermal resistances in the points of breast, back, belly, and loin was significantly higher than those of upper am, fore arm, and shank of measuring points on the thermal manikin. According to the color map of the thermogram, the experimental clothing 4 indicated higher surface temperatures than the others showing more yellowish spots on the surface of clothing. Inner temperature of experimental clothing was not significantly different among the four types of ski wear, but relative humidities of experimental clothing were significantly different. Relative humidities of experimental clothing 1 and 3 showed higher than those of 2 and 4. Relative humidity of experimantal clothing was affected largely by the thermal resis- tance of thermal insulation batting materials. The subject wear sensation of experimental clothing 2 and 4 showed lower humidity than the others. Subject wear sensation was affected more by humidity sensation than by thermal sensation.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2006

Purpose : There are many patients with cold hypersensitivity who want oriental medicine treatment. But there has been no study of acupucture treatment effect on patients. So we examined effects of acupuncture treatment at different acupuncture points and compared results of 1st cold stress test and 2nd cold stress test. Method : 8 patients with hand cold hypersensitivity applied for this study. To rule out an bias, we excluded the patients with skin diseases, spinal nerve disease of cervial spine, external wounds. We measured body temperature with D.I.T.I. We performed cold stress test(CST) by 6 thermographic observation using D.I.T.I ; the 1st was taken after 15 minutes-resting, the 2nd was immediately taken after 1 minute soak in $20^{\circ}C$ water, the 3rd was taken at 10 minutes after the soak, and after a week, the 4th was taken after 15 minutes resting, the 5th was immediately taken after 1 minute soak in $20^{\circ}C$ water, the 6th was taken after 10 minutes with acupunture treatment. There were two groups of patients. First group was acupuncture that performed acupuncture therapy on distal points. Second group was acupuncture that performed acupuncture therapy on proximal points. We compared first CST and second CST recovery rate result. Results : The recovery rate at distal points acupuncture therapy was higher than before of that. but not significantly different. The recovery rate at proximal points acupuncture therapy was significantly higher than before of that. The recovery rate of both the back, the palms, all fingers of after proximal acupuncture therapy was significantly higher than before of that. Conclusions : Acupuncture could be effective therapy method on cold hypersensitivity, especially using proximal acupuncture points could be good at cold hypersensitivity patients. This was pilot study of very small samples, results had limitations. For further results more examine would be needed.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2005

Objective : This empirical research is performed to recognize diagnostic concept, pattern identification, and clinical features of Hwa-byung. In other words, the aims of this research are to examine the differences of the diagnosis between Hwa-Byung and the other psychiatric disorders, and to find out pattern identification, and clinical characteristics of Hwa-Byung for prescriptions of this syndrome. Method : In the experiment, there were participated 30 patients who were met for our criterions according to HBDIS (Hwa-Byung Diagnostic interview Schedule). These patients were diagnosed as Axis1 according to criterions of DSM-IV with administering SCID-I. OMS-prime was utilized for finding out pattern identification of oriental medicine. Symptom Check List-90-Revision(SCL-90-R), Hemilton rating Scale for Depression(HRSD), Heart Rate Variability(HRV), and Digital Infrared Thermographic imaging(D.I.T.I.) were also utilized to discover clinical characteristics of Hwa-Byung Patients. Results : 1. Regarding Sex-ratio, male subjects were 3(10%), and female subjects are 27(90%). The age of subjects ranged from 22 year old to 75 $(51.87{\pm}11.04;\:Mean{\pm}SD)$ 2. In the results of diagnosis on the basis of DSM-IV, the 17(56.67%) patients were MOD (Major Depressive Disorder), the 5(16.67%) patients were USD (Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder), the 4(13.33%) patients were Dysthymic Disorder, the 3(10%) patients were GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder), and the 1(3.33%) was Panic Disorder. Two of the patients who diagnosed as MOD were diagnosed as Panic Disorder too, and one of them was diagnosed as Pain Disorder too. 3. Regarding pattern identification, Hwa-Byung is positively correlated to deficiency of Heart(心). and then to stagnancy of Liver-Gall bladder. Hwa-Byung is correlated deficiency symptom-complex rather than excessiveness symptom-complex. That is also correlated positively to Pathological heat and fire. 4. In SCL90-R, the mean of PSDI was $(75.3{\pm}10.7;\:Mean{\pm}SD)$. The each mean of the other 11 factors was distributed between50-70. 5. The mean of HRSD was $(17.9{\pm}5.6;\:Mean{\pm}SD)$ in the entire subject's group. Then the group of MDD was $20.9{\pm}4.4$ and the group of USD was $12.0{\pm}4.8$ 6. In the results of HRV. the mean of TP is $972.4{\pm}1174(Mean{\pm}SD)$, this is lower than normal range 1000-200. The other factors were within normal range. Then, there were no significant differences between them (p<0.05). 7. The temperatures of each acupoint have significant differences between HNl(印堂) and PC6(內關), between CV17(顫中) and PC6(內關), between HN1(印堂) and CV8(神闕), between CV17(顫中) and CV8(神闕) in comparison with the average of body temperature in the use of D.I.T.I. (p<0.01) 8. In the analysis of correlation between SCL-90-R, HRSD, HRV. and D.I.T.I. there were no significant results. According to results that the correlation was analyzed with only the MDD group as subjects, there was negative correlation between RMSSD of HRV and HRSD, between LF of HRV and PDSIof SCL-90-R, and between LF/HF of HRV and ANX, PSY, and PDSI of SCL-90-R. Conclusion : In the observation of clinical features of 30 cases of Hwa-Byung patients by using diverse structured tests, there could make diverse diagnosis as depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and Somatoform Disorder. Particularly. MDD was highly distributed. Considering oriental medicine's pattern identification of Hwa-Byung, this syndrome is related strongly to Heart, and there were demonstrated deficiency symptom-complex, and Pathological heat and fire. One of the limits of this study is lack of control subject's group, therefore, in the future study, it requires reexamination through a comparative research with these data to complete this study.