• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.500-507
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• 1997

For fine control of operating temperature of shape memory alloy, we investigated the effect of thermal teratment of shape memory alloy with the impurity kind. The martensitic transformation temperature in a Cu-17.25Zn-15Al and Cu-17.25Zn-15Al-1Ag/Fe was measured using electrical resistivity as a function of quenching temperature. Order-disorder phase transition temperatures in parent phase were measured and kind of transition were distinguised by DSC(differential scanning calorimeter) with heating rate variation. And structual changes were studied with XRD. For the Cu-17.25Zn-15Al shape memory alloy, the order-disorder phase transition temperature, $T_{B2}$ and $T_{L21}$ was 809K and 610K and for the Cu-17.25Zn-15Al-1Ag and Cu-17.25Zn-15Al-1Fe specimen $T_{B2}$ and $T_{L21}$ was 794K and 610K, and 803K and 613K, respectively. In all the specimens, quenching from near $T_{B2}$ leads to an increase in martensitic temperature, whereas quenching from near $T_{L21}$ leads to an decrease in martensitic temperature.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.676-679
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• 2010

Nano composite particles were synthesized from a bulk ZrVFe alloy ingot by transferred DC thermal plasma. Effects of plasma gas flow rate on the characteristics of the produced nano composite particles were investigated. The characteristics of the synthesized powder were analyzed by field scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), light scattering particle size analyzer (PSA), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer. As the flow rate of plasma gas increased from 20 L/min to 40 L/min, the average particle size decreased from 91 nm to 55 nm, the particle size distribution became narrower, the surface area increased from $200\;m^2/g$ to $255\;m^2/g$, the particle composition was nearly unaffected, and the particle crystallinity was improved.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1983

This experiment was studied in the system of (1-x) CaO MgO $2SiO-Al_2O_3$ to investigate forming of solid solution. The technique empolyed was the well known water-quenching method. Differential thermal analysis of the each glass water quenched indicated that under 30 mole% $Al_2O_3$ was lowered with increasing of the amount of $Al_2O_3$ It was supposed by X-ray diffraction patterns of each specimen sintered at various temperature that only solid solution was formed under the 30mole % $Al_2O_3$ compositions solid solution and anorthite were formed at the 20mole% $Al_2O_3$ composition anorthite solid solution and spinel$(MgAl_2O_4)$ were formed over the 40mole% $Al_2O_3$ compositions. The maximum density and thermal expanison coefficient was 2.89g/cm 7.74x106./C$^{\circ}$ respectively in the composi-tion of 10 mole% $Al_2O_3$ . All the specimens showed linear thermal expansion behavior. Microhardness was as high as 850kg/nm2 in the composition of 5, 10, 20 mole % $Al_2O_3$ and dielectric constant was 7.3-6.9.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1985

One of the problems with the Boiling Water Reactor involves the flow and thermal mixings in the suppression water pool high pressure steam discharge into the pool in case of emergency core relief. Varioos heat sensitive devices and pumps for the reactor core cooling are installed in the middle of the suppression pool. Especially the pumps utilize pool water in order to cool the reactor core in emergency cases. In this case, the water temperature for the reactor cool ins should be below a certain temperature specified by the reactor design. In the present investigation, in other to determine the optimum locations of these pumping devices, numerical solutions have been obtained for the model to determine the f low mixing characteristics. Experimental investigations have also been carried out for the flow mixing and for the thermal mixing in the pool during the discharge. Considering that the discharge steam through the Quenching Device becomes hot water immediately in the water pool, the steam- equivalent hot water has been utilized. Examining these characteristices, it becomes possible to deform me the best locations for RCIC, LPCI , HPCI pumps in the suppression water pool for the emermency reactor core cooling.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.897-903
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• 2002

Morphological evolution and growth mechanism at the solid/liquid interface during solidification were investigated in the Ni-base superalloy GTD111M by directional soldification and quenching(DSQ) technique. The experiments were conducted by changing solidification rate(V) and thermal gradient(G) which are major solidification process variables. High thermal gradient condition could be obtained by increasing the furnace temperature and closely attaching the heating and cooling zones in the Bridgeman type furnace. The dendritic/equiaxed transition was found in the G/V value lower than $0.05$\times$10{^3}^{\circ}C$s/$\textrm{mm}^2$, and the planar interface of the MC-${\gamma}$ eutectic was found under $17 $\times$ 10{^3}^{\circ}C$ s/$\textrm{mm}^2$. It was confirmed that the dendrite spacing depended on the cooling rate(GV), and the primary spacing was affected by the thermal gradient more than solidification rate. The dendrite lengths were decreased as increasing the thermal graditne, and the dendrite tip temperature was close to the liquidus temperature at $50 \mu\textrm{m}$/s.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.524-534
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• 1994

The effects of transformation temperature and mechanical properties by thermal cycle of CuZnAl shape memory alloy with a small of misch metal and Zr contents were investigated. The addition of misch metal and Zr was very effective for reducing the grain size. After solution treatment, the specimens were post-quench aged or step quenched at $100^{\circ}C$ to $350^{\circ}C$ for variation of Rockwell hardness value. It was found that the Rockwell hareness value was very increased at $200^{\circ}C$ and $250^{\circ}C$. The fracture strength and ductility have been significantly increased with the increase of misch metal conten when tensile tested below $M_f$ temperature. Also, the fracture strength has been more increased in the case of post quench aging treatment than that of the as-quenching treatment. Aging of the $\beta$-phase decreases the $M_s$ temperature, but that of the martensite phase increases the $A_s$ temperature. The change in $A_s$ temperature with post-quench aging can be attributed to recovery of order in the $\beta$phase. The hystersis of transformation temperature ($A_s-M_s$) has an increasing tendency by thermal cycles.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2009

Glass ceramics were made from coal bottom ash by adding CaO and $Li_2O$ as glass modifiers and $TiO_2$ as a nucleating agent in a process of melting and quenching followed by a thermal treatment. The surface of the glass ceramics has 1.6 times more $Li_2O$ compared to the inner matrix. When $TiO_2$ was not added or when only 2 wt% was added, the surface parts of the glass ceramics were crystalline with a thickness close to $130{\mu}m$. In addition, the matrixes showed only the glass phase and not the crystalline phase. However, doping of $TiO_2$ from 4 wt% to 10 wt% began to create small crystalline phases in the matrix with an increase in the quantity of the crystalline. The matrix microstructure of glass ceramics containing $TiO_2$ in excess of 8 wt% was a mixture of dark-gray crystalline and white crystalline parts. These two parts had no considerable difference in terms of composition. It was thought that the crystallization mechanism affects the crystal growth, direction and shape and rather than the existence of two types of crystals.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2007

For high performance and structural stability, application of high strength steel has continuously increased. However, the change of the base metal gives rise to problems with the accuracy management of the welded structure. It is attributed to the martensite phase transformation of the high strength low alloy steel weldment. The purpose of this study is to establish the predictive equation of transverse shrinkage and residual stress for the HY-100 weldment. In order to do it, high speed quenching dilatometer tests were performed to define a coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) at the heating and cooling stage of HY-100 with various cooling rates. Uncoupled thermal-mechanical finite element(FE) models with CTE were proposed to evaluate the effect of the martensite phase transformation on transverse shrinkage and residual stresses at the weldment. FEA results were verified by comparing with experimental results. Based on the results of extensive FEA and experiments, the predictive equation of transverse shrinkage and longitudinal shrinkage force at the HY-100 weldment were formulated as the function of welding heat input/in-plane rigidity and welding heat input respectively.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.106-110
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• 2011

A high thermal conductive AlN composite coating is attractive in thermal management applications. In this study, AlN-YAG composite coatings were manufactured by atmospheric plasma spraying from two different powders: spray-dried and plasma-treated. The mixture of both AlN and YAG was first mechanically alloyed and then spray-dried to obtain an agglomerated powder. The spray-dried powder was primarily spherical in shape and composed of an agglomerate of primary particles. The decomposition of AlN was pronounced at elevated temperatures due to the porous nature of the spray-dried powder, and was completely eliminated in nitrogen environment. A highly spherical, dense AlN-YAG composite powder was synthesized by plasma alloying and spheroidization (PAS) in an inert gas environment. The AlN-YAG coatings consisted of irregular-shaped, crystalline AlN particles embedded in amorphous YAG phase, indicating solid deposition of AlN and liquid deposition of YAG. The PAS-processed powder produced a lower-porosity and higher-hardness AlN-YAG coating due to a greater degree of melting in the plasma jet, compared to that of the spray-dried powder. The amorphization of the YAG matrix was evidence of melting degree of feedstock powder in flight because a fully molten YAG droplet formed an amorphous phase during splat quenching.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1989.07a
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• pp.302-305
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• 1989

Ac, dc and impulse dielectric strengths of $LN_2$ at 0.1MPa were investigated experimentally, referring to the behavior of thermally induced bubble, which might be generated at quenching condition of immerged-cooling superconducting devices. The experimental results show that the bubble shape under electric field stress depends significantly on the applied voltage waveform. With ac voltage, the breakdown voltage of $LN_2$ falls suddenly near to one of the saturated gas at the threshold heater power of boiling onset. In control to this, the reduction of impulse breakdown voltage with heater peter is gradual and the time to breakdown depends on the existence of thermal bubble. These breakdown characteristics can be explained satisfactorily by the bubble behavior under electric fields.