• Medical Lasers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2021

Background and Objectives Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disease. On the other hand, there is no treatment that can improve the thyroid function. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can improve the cellular activity. The effect of hypothyroidism is not obvious. This study examined the effects of LLLT on the thyroid gland function of a propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism mouse model. Materials and Methods Twenty-five male ICR mice were distributed into five groups of five animals each: Negative control (none PTU animal) and positive control (PTU animal) of unirradiated animals, and three experimental groups with LLLT (3J, 6J, and 12J). Each mouse was exposed to a distinct dose of a 632-nm laser once a week for three rounds. The positive control group and three LLLT groups were induced into a hypothyroidism state by PTU administration. The animals' thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroxine levels were measured using an ELISA kit, and their thyroid tissue was harvested and analyzed after sacrifice at the end of the experiment. The hormone level and morphological changes in the tissue of the five groups were compared. Results The thyroid hormone levels in the control group and LLLT groups were similar. On the other hand, the thyroid tissue of the LLLT groups showed some morphological changes that were similar to those of iodine deficiency thyroid. Conclusion LLLT did not affect the thyroid gland function in PTU-induced hypothyroidism mice.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.87.1-87.11
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• 2020

Background: A new, extended long-acting tilmicosin (TLAe) preparation was tested against intramammary ceftiofur (CEF) using a non-inferiority trial model during dry-cow therapy (DCT) in a farm with high bovine population density and deficient hygiene application. Objectives: To evaluate the possibility that TLAe administered parenterally can achieve non-inferiority status compared to CEF administered intramammary for DCT. Methods: Cows were randomly assigned to TLAe (20 mg/kg subcutaneous; n = 53) or CEF (CEF-HCl, 125 mg/quarter; n = 38 cows) treatment groups. California mastitis testing, colony-forming unit assessment (CFU/mL), and number of cases positive for Staphylococcus aureus were quantified before DCT and 7 d after calving. A complete cure was defined as no bacteria isolated; partial cure when CFU/mL ranged from 150 to 700, and cure-failure when CFU/mL was above 700. Results: TLAe and CEF had overall cure rates of 57% and 53% (p > 0.05) and S. aureus cure rates of 77.7% and 25%, respectively (p < 0.05). The pathogens detected at DCT and 7 days after calving were S. aureus (62.71% and 35.55%), Staphylococcus spp. (22.03% and 35.55%), Streptococcus uberis (10.16% and 13.33%), and Escherichia coli (5.08% and 15.55%). Non-inferiority and binary logistic regression analyses revealed a lack of difference in overall efficacies of TLAe and CEF. Apart from S. aureus, S. uberis was the predominant pathogen found in both groups. Conclusions: This study is the first successful report of parenteral DCT showing comparable efficacy as CEF, the gold-standard. The extended long-term pharmacokinetic activity of TLAe explains these results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7561-7568
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• 2013

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding protein which is thought to be involved in cancer progression but its contribution to epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains unclear. The present study sought to determine the role of Gal-3 in chemoresistance of the human SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell line to paclitaxel (PTX) using recombinant human Gal-3 (rhGal-3) and PectaSol-C modified citrus pectin (Pect-MCP) as a specific Gal-3 competitive inhibitor. Our results showed 41% increased cell proliferation, 36% decreased caspase-3 activity and 33.6% increased substrate-dependent adhesion in the presence of rhGal-3 compared to the control case (p<0.001). Treatment of cells with a non-effective dose of PTX (100nM) and 0.1% Pect-MCP in combination revealed synergistic cytotoxic effects with 75% reduced cell viability and subsequent 3.9-fold increase in caspase-3 activity. Moreover, there was 39% decrease in substrate-dependent adhesion compared to control (p<0.001). These results suggest that inhibition of Gal-3 could be a useful therapeutic tool for combination therapy of ovarian cancer.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.93-110
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• 1999

The intelligence is the capacity to recognize the things and implies the meaning of abstract thought, learning and adaptability to the circumstance. Recently, as the promotion of learning ablility and memory attracts many people's attention, many studies of this have been accomplished but the pharmacological methods could not promote the intelligence and memory. In oriental medical theory, the human body is composed of four elements - essence, energy, sprit, blood and among these elements, sprit is considered as the concept of vital energy and mind. Especially, from the Jang-Fu physiological point of view, the memory is closly related with the heart and kidney In oriental medicine, some experiments on animal and literature studies on the subject of memory promotion have done. But because of difference in memory mechanism between man and animal, it is not in reason to apply the result of experiment on animal to human. Therefore I have methodological study of memory promotion to set up the concept of oriental medicine and experimental theory about this and can obtain such conclusion. 1. The oriental medical therapy for memory promotion is following. nourishing the heart and blood, regulating the function of spleen, relieving the mental stress, reinforcing the heart and kidney, invigorating and enriching the blood. 2. The insufficient intelligence in a child is considered to not be full and in an old man, it is considered to decline by degrees. 3. It is needed to molecular biological study of neurotransmitter after the using of oriental medical therapy. 4. It is possible to study using the genetic mutation or observing the collateral of brain nerve cell.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.531-537
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• 2008

Abnormal activation of nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) probably plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). In this report, we evaluated the efficacy of curcumin, a potent $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitor, in mdx mice, a mouse model of DMD. We found that it improved sarcolemmic integrity and enhanced muscle strength after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Histological analysis revealed that the structural defects of myofibrils were reduced, and biochemical analysis showed that creatine kinase (CK) activity was decreased. We also found that levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-\alpha$), interleukin-1 beta ($IL-1\beta$) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the mdx mice were decreased by curcumin administration. EMSA analysis showed that $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity was also inhibited. We thus conclude that curcumin is effective in the therapy of muscular dystrophy in mdx mice, and that the mechanism may involve inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity. Since curcumin is a non-toxic compound derived from plants, we propose that it may be useful for DMD therapy.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.63.1-63.14
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• 2021

Background: Recently, mesenchymal stem cells therapy has been performed in dogs, although the outcome is not always favorable. Objectives: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) matching between the donor and recipient in vitro. Methods: Canine adipose-derived MSCs (cA-MSCs) isolated from the subcutaneous tissue of Dog 1 underwent characterization. For major DLA genotyping (DQA1, DQB1, and DRB1), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from two dogs (Dogs 1 and 2) were analyzed by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. The cA-MSCs were co-cultured at a 1:10 ratio with activated PBMCs (DLA matching or mismatching) for 3 days and analyzed for immunosuppressive (IDO, PTGS2, and PTGES), inflammatory (IL6 and IL10), and apoptotic genes (CASP8, BAX, TP53, and BCL2) by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. Results: cA-MSCs were expressed cell surface markers such as CD90⁺/44⁺/29⁺/45^- and differentiated into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes in vitro. According to the Immuno Polymorphism Database, DLA genotyping comparisons of Dogs 1 and 2 revealed complete differences in genes DQA1, DQB1, and DRB1. In the co-culturing of cA-MSCs and PBMCs, DLA mismatch between the two cell types induced a significant increase in the expression of immunosuppressive (IDO/PTGS2) and apoptotic (CASP8/BAX) genes. Conclusions: The administration of cA-MSCs matching the recipient DLA type can alleviate the need to regulate excessive immunosuppressive responses associated with genes, such as IDO and PTGES. Furthermore, easy and reliable DLA genotyping technology is required because of the high degree of genetic polymorphisms of DQA1, DQB1, and DRB1 and the low readability of DLA 88.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.139-147
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• 2019

Stem cells are progenitor cells that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into various cells. Especially, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have in vivo and in vitro differentiation capacity into three germ layers and can proliferate infinitely. The differentiation ability of PSCs can be applied for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In domestic animals, their PSCs have a potential for preclinical therapy as well as the production of transgenic animals and agricultural usage such as cultured meat. Among several domestic animals, a pig is considered as an ideal model for biomedical and agricultural purposes mentioned above. In this reason, studies for pig PSCs including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), embryonic germ cells (EGCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been conducted for decades. Therefore, this review will discuss the history of PSCs derived from various origins and recent progress in pig PSC research field.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.206-216
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• 2009

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (Statins) are potent inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. Cholesterol-lowering therapy using statins significantly reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. Various discovery of statins as bone anabolic agents has spurred a great deal of interest among both basic and clinical bone researchers. In-vitro and some animal studies suggest that statins increase the bone mass by enhancing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-mediated osteoblast expression. Clinical and animal test results of statins focusing on the prevention and treatment of bone fractures was collected. Three independent literature searches were performed by using from January 1, 2002 to September 2008 for clinical and animal test results. Search term included statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, pleiotropic effects, fracture, osteoporosis and clinical and animal test. No consensus has been reached whether clinical use of statins has beneficial effects on bone health, partly due to lower statin concentrations because of first-pass metabolism by the liver. Experimental use of statins as stimulators of bone formation suggests that they may have widespread applicability in the field of orthopaedics. With their combined effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, statins have the potential to enhance resorption of synthetic materials and improve bone ingrowth. In conclusion, The use of statins in the prevention and treatment of bone fractures requires further study. But observational studies suggest that statins for decreasing bone fractures including osteoporosis have to be considered local direct administration like transdermal or subcutaneous type over oral adminstration.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2018

Canine mammary tumors are among the most frequently observed cutaneous tumors in female dogs. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), referred to as tumor-initiating cells, are thought to have properties similar to normal stem cells such as the ability to self-renewal and to differentiate into various cell types. Biological understanding of CSCs and the critical pathways involved in their maintenance are important in research and therapy for mammary tumors. We conducted the present study on sphere formation from REM134 cells by using methylcellulose to produce tumorspheres on a large scale and compared the specific markers of the spheres-formed and plating-cultured REM134 cells. The results revealed that the tumorspheres cultured in methylcellulose had higher seeding density and improved morphology compared to those produced in normal sphere formation medium. Expression levels of stemness markers and CSC-related markers were higher in tumorsphere-forming cells than in plating-cultured cells. Subsequently, we transplanted the tumorsphere-forming and plating-cultured cells into female nude mice to examine their tumorigenic potential. Tumor volume increased rapidly in mice transplanted with tumorsphere-derived cells compared to plating-cultured cells. We observed a novel sphere-forming condition for REM134 cells and showed that REM134 cell tumorspheres can exhibit improved CSC properties.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 2018

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are useful candidates for tissue engineering and cell therapy. Physiological cell environment not only connects cells to each other, but also connects cells to the extracellular matrix that provide mechanical support, thus exposing the entire cell surface and activating signaling pathways. Hydrogel is a polymeric material that swells in water and maintains a distinct 3-dimensional (3D) network structure by cross linking. In this study, we investigated the optimized cellular function for canine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (cAD-MSCs) using hydrogel. We observed that the expression levels of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, which are involved in cell proliferation and stemness, were increased in transwell-hydrogel (3D-TN) compared to the transwell-normal (TN). Also, transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ and SOX9, which are typical bone morphogenesis-inducing factors, were increased in 3D-TN compared to the TN. Collagen type II alpha 1, which is a chondrocyte-specific marker, was increased in 3D-TN compared to the TN. Osteocalcin, which is a osteocyte-specific marker, was increased in 3D-TN compared to the TN. Collectively, preconditioning cAD-MSCs via 3D culture systems can enhance inherent secretory properties that may improve the potency and efficacy of MSCs-based therapies for bone regeneration process.