• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.527-532
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• 2008

As therapeutic uses of radionuclides in nuclear medicine increases, the use of patient-specific methods for calculation of radiation dose becomes more important. In this manuscript basic methods and resources for internal dose calculations are outlined, with a focus on how current changes and advances are making more accurate and detailed, patient-individualized dose calculations possible. Most current resources make use of standardized models of the human body representing median individuals, but the use of image-based and more realistic models will soon take their place, and will permit adjustments to represent individual patients and tailor therapy planning uniquely for each subject.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.203-214
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• 2020

Post-translational modifications play major roles in the stability, function, and localization of target proteins involved in the nervous system. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway uses small ubiquitin molecules to degrade neuronal proteins. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse this degradation and thereby control neuronal cell fate, synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, and proper function of the nervous system. Moreover, mutations or downregulation of certain DUBs have been found in several neurodegenerative diseases, as well as gliomas and neuroblastomas. Based on emerging findings, DUBs represent an important target for therapeutic intervention in various neurological disorders. Here, we summarize advances in our understanding of the roles of DUBs related to neurobiology.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.97-99
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• 2003

With advances in determining the entire DNA sequence of the human genome, it is now critical to systematically identify the function of a number of genes in the human genome. These biological problems, especially those in human diseases including cancer, should be addressed in human cells in which genetic approaches have been extremely difficult to implement. To overcome this, my efforts have focused on the development of a novel “chemical genetic/genomic approach” that uses small molecules to “probe and identify” the function of genes in specific biological process or pathway in human cells. (omitted)

• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2021

Dendritic cells (DC), which consist of several different subsets, specialize in antigen presentation and are critical for mediating the innate and adaptive immune responses. DC subsets can be classified into conventional, plasmacytoid, and monocyte-derived DC in the tumor microenvironment, and each subset plays a different role. Because of the role of intratumoral DCs in initiating antitumor immune responses with tumor-derived antigen presentation to T cells, DCs have been targeted in the treatment of cancer. By regulating the functionality of DCs, several DC-based immunotherapies have been developed, including administration of tumor-derived antigens and DC vaccines. In addition, DCs participate in the mechanisms of classical cancer therapies, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Thus, regulating DCs is also important in improving current cancer therapies. Here, we will discuss the role of each DC subset in antitumor immune responses, and the current status of DC-related cancer therapies.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2020

Hearing organs have unique characteristics and have a role in processing external sensory signals. Sensory hair cells and nerve fibers in the organ of Corti can be damaged by various causes and they do not regenerate themselves. Medication used for clinical treatment for the inner ear is limited due to the anatomical structure of the inner ear. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a therapeutic approach that uses various sources of light and the success of PBM therapy is highly reliant on the parameters of the light sources. The positive effects of PBM have been reported in various clinical fields. This paper summarizes the previously reported research on PBM for the treatment of hearing damage in animal models.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2022

Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br, commonly called dagga, klip dagga, or lion's ear, has been used to effectively treat various diseases and other health problems for a long time because of its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic activities. Several studies have attributed these biological activities to L. nepetifolia's constituent secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, glycosides, coumarins, anthocyanins, and saponins. This review aims to examine the evidence-based ethnopharmacological uses of L. nepetifolia in the treatment of bronchial asthma, diarrhea, skin diseases, malaria, burns, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatism. However, although L. nepetifolia has great potential to treat these diseases, further isolation and identification of its therapeutic phytochemical constituents are required. In addition, the performance of its extracts and phytochemicals should be thoroughly tested in preclinical and clinical trials in order to ascertain their safety and efficacy, which will prove valuable in developing new medicines.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.345-346
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• 2009

The segmentation of vessel including portal vein, hepatic vein and artery, from Computed Tomography (CT) images plays an important role in the therapeutic strategies for hepatic diseases. Representing segmented vessels in three dimensional spaces is extremely useful for doctors to plan liver surgery. In this paper, proposed method is focused on smoothing technique of segmented 3D liver vessels, which derived from 3D region growing approach. A pixel expand algorithm has been developed first to avoid vessel lose and disconnection cased by the next smoothing technique. And then a binary volume filtering technique has been implemented and applied to make the segmented binary vessel volume qualitatively smoother. This strategy uses an iterative relaxation process to extract isosurfaces from binary volumes while retaining anatomical structure and important features in the volume. Hard and irregular place in volume image has been eliminated as shown in the result part, which also demonstrated that proposed method is a suitable smoothing solution for post processing of fine vessel segmentation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.447-456
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• 2014

Until now, a disease-modifying therapy (DMT) that has an ability to slow or arrest Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression has not been developed, and all clinical trials involving AD patients enrolled by clinical assessment alone also have not been successful. Given the growing consensus that the DMT is likely to require treatment initiation well before full-blown dementia emerges, the early detection of AD will provide opportunities to successfully identify new drugs that slow the course of AD pathology. Recent advances in early detection of AD and prediction of progression of the disease using various biomarkers, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) $A{\beta}_{1-42}$, total tau and p-tau181 levels, and imagining biomarkers, are now being actively integrated into the designs of AD clinical trials. In terms of therapeutic mechanisms, monitoring these markers may be helpful for go/no-go decision making as well as surrogate markers for disease severity or progression. Furthermore, CSF biomarkers can be used as a tool to enrich patients for clinical trials with prospect of increasing statistical power and reducing costs in drug development. However, the standardization of technical aspects of analysis of these biomarkers is an essential prerequisite to the clinical uses. To accomplish this, global efforts are underway to standardize CSF biomarker measurements and a quality control program supported by the Alzheimer's Association. The current review summarizes therapeutic targets of developing drugs in AD pathophysiology, and provides the most recent advances in the clinical utility of CSF biomarkers and the integration of CSF biomarkers in current clinical trials.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.287-297
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• 1984

The normal intracranial structures are relatively resistant to therapeutic radiation, but may react adversely in a variety of ways, and the damage to nerve tissue may be slow in making its appearance, and once damage has occured the patient recovers slowly and incompletly. Therefore, it is important to consider the possibility of either recurrent tumor or late adverse effect in any patient who has had radiotherapy. The determination o( rnorphological/pathological correlation is very important to the therapeutic radiologist who uses CT scans to define a treatment volume, as well as to the clinician who wishes to explain the patient's clinical state in terms of regress, progression, persistence, or recurrence of tumor or radiation-induced edema or necrosis, The authors are obtained as following results ; 1. The field size(whole CNS, large, intermediate, small field) was variable according to the location and extension of tumor and histopathologic diagnosis, and the tatal tumor dose was 4,000 to 6,000 rads except one of recurred case of 9,100 rads. The duration of follow up CT scan was from 3 months to 5 year 10 months. 2, The histopathologic diagnosis of 9cases were glioblastoma multiforme(3 cases), pineal tumor (3), oligodendroglioma (1), cystic astrocytoma (1), pituitary adenoma (1) and their adverse effects after radiation therapy were brain atrophy (4 cases) , radiation necrosis(2), tumor recurrence with or without calcification (2), radiation·induced infarction (1). 3. The recurrent symptoms after radiation therapy of brain tumor were not always the results of regrowth of neoplasm, but may represent late change of irradiated brain. 4. It must be need that we always consider the accurate treatment planning and proper treatment method to reduce undesirable late adverse effects in treatment of brain tumors.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2014

NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes the two electron reduction of diverse substrates, including quinones. It uses NADH or NADPH as a cofactor for enzymatic machinery. In the metabolism of quinones, NQO1 has two conflicting functions because of the different stability of converted hydroquinones. The stable form of hydroquinone is excreted from cells by conjugation with glutathione or glucuronic acid. The unstable form of hydroquinone induces cell death by induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage. Certain quinones known as bio-reductive agents have a cytotoxic function following reduction by NQO1. Bio-reductive agents, such as ${\beta}$-lapachone or mitomycin C, induce the depletion of NAD(P)H and the generation of oxidative stress in an NQO1-dependent manner. NQO1 is highly expressed in several cancer tissues. Therefore, NQO1 is a good therapeutic target for cancer treatment with bio-reductive agents.