• PNF and Movement
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of symmetrical-reciprocal pattern of scapula and pelvis exercises using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on gait speed and balance in patients with hemiplegia. Methods: Among the adult patients with hemiplegia that were hospitalized at Michuhol Rehabilitation Center after being diagnosed with stroke, 10 that were capable of independent walking for more than five minutes and that understood and cooperated with the therapy and test methods of this research, were selected as subjects. The therapy was implemented based on the concept of PNF, and it was performed on a low mat and a height-adjustable mat, as proscribed by the fundamental procedure for PNF. Symmetrical-reciprocal pattern of scapula and pelvis exercises were applied to the patients in the decubitus position. The therapy scheme included stabilizing reversals, rhythmic stabilization, and a combination of isotonics, rhythmic initiation, and dynamic reversals. To investigate gait speed and body trunk mobility before and after the symmetrical-reciprocal pattern of scapula and pelvis exercises were applied, walking speed for a distance of 10 m was measured and balance was tested based on the Berg-Balance scale test table. The Berg-Balance scale test was performed by one therapist to minimize any error that could occur from the subjective evaluation method used by therapists. Results: Gait speed increased by 8.97 seconds after applying the symmetrical-reciprocal pattern of scapula and pelvis exercises using the concept of PNF, showing a significant difference (p<0.01). However, balance showed no significant difference after the therapy (p>0.14). Conclusion: Exercise therapy that uses the symmetrical-reciprocal pattern of scapula and pelvis with the concept of PNF can be said to be a useful therapeutic technique that can enhance the walking speed of patients with hemiplegia.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2019

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) uses the spike (S) glycoprotein to recognize and enter target cells. In this study, we selected two epitope peptide sequences within the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the MERS-CoV S protein. We used a complex consisting of the epitope peptide of the MERS-CoV S protein and CpG-DNA encapsulated in liposome complex to immunize mice, and produced the monoclonal antibodies 506-2G10G5 and 492-1G10E4E2. The western blotting data showed that both monoclonal antibodies detected the S protein and immunoprecipitated the native form of the S protein. Indirect immunofluorescence and confocal analysis suggested strong reactivity of the antibodies towards the S protein of MERS-CoV virus infected Vero cells. Furthermore, the 506-2G10G5 monoclonal antibody significantly reduced plaque formation in MERS-CoV infected Vero cells compared to normal mouse IgG and 492-1G10E4E2. Thus, we successfully produced a monoclonal antibody directed against the RBD domain of the S protein which could be used in the development of diagnostics and therapeutic applications in the future.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Objectives : Amyloid ${\beta}(A{\beta})$ could induce cognitive deficits through oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuron death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study was investigated the effect of Angelica keiskei KOIDZUMI (AK) on memory in $A{\beta}$-induced an AD model. Methods : AK was extracted uses 70% ethanol solvent. Total polyphenol and flavonoids content were obtained by the Folin-Ciocalteu and the Ethylene glycol colorimetric methods, respectively. The antioxidant activities were assessed through free radical scavenging assays using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods. Intracerebroventrical (i.c.v) injection of $A{\beta}$ 1-42 was used to induce AD in male ICR mice, followed by administrations of 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg AK on a daily. Animals were subjected to short and long term memory behavior in Y-maze and passive avoidance test. Results : The total polyphenol and flavonoids contents of the AK extract were $88.73{\pm}6.36mg$ gallic acid equivalent/g, $84.21{\pm}5.04mg$ rutin equivalent/g, respectively. The assays of DPPH and ABTS revealed that AK extract in treated concentrations (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) increased antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Oral administration of AK extract significantly reversed the $A{\beta}$ 1-42-induced decreasing of the spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test and $A{\beta}$ 1-42-induced shorting of the step-through latency in the passive avoidance test. Conclusions : The findings suggest that AK indicated the antioxidant protective effects against $A{\beta}$-induced memory deficits, and therefore a potential lead natural therapeutic drug or agent for AD.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.493-501
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to present basic data for appropriate therapeutic intervention by confirming changes in the autonomic nervous system and pain by applying high-frequency deep diathermy to the lower abdomen in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Design: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Methods: Thirty-eight women aged 18-50 years who complained of regular menstrual cycles (24-32 days) and primary dysmenorrhea symptoms were randomly assigned to a high-frequency therapy group (5, 7, or 9 mins) and a superficial heat therapy group (20 min). High frequency treatment group: The subject was in a supine position, and radio frequency was applied to the lower abdomen below the umbilicus. The radio frequency therapy device used in this study uses a 300 kHz capacitive electrode and a 500 kHz resistive electric transfer to deliver deep heat. Superficial heat treatment Group: Subjects applied a hot pack to the lower abdomen for 20 minutes while lying on their back. Evaluations were made of Heart rate variability and Visual Analogue Scale. Results: In subjects with menstrual pain, there was a significant difference in pain between the high-frequency therapy group and the superficial heat therapy group (p=0.026). However, there was no significant difference between the autonomic nervous system and the stress resistance (p>0.05). Conclusions: As a result of this study, high-frequencytreatment using radiofrequency was effective in relieving pain because it can penetrate deeper tissues than conventional hot packs using superficial heat. In particular, it was found that the optimum effect was obtained when high frequency was applied forfive-seven minutes.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2024

Objective: The study analyzed the awareness of physical therapists regarding correct breathing methods and the effect of breathing training on patients. Design: A cross-sectional survey study. Methods: Physical therapists who agreed to participate in the study, held a license as a physical therapist, and had training or experience in breathing were included as subjects. A total of 136 questionnaires were collected, out of which 129 were analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of 26 items, divided into several sections covering awareness of breathing methods, breathing and muscles, breathing and mind, breathing and movement, perception of mouth breathing and nose breathing, experience applying respiration as a treatment, perception of breathing and treatment, awareness of breathing and pain, awareness of breathing and chronic diseases and prevention, perceptions related to breathing and sleep, and educational background. Results: The study found that most therapists were aware of diaphragmatic breathing, but not Lamaze breathing. 76.7% claimed to that there is a correct breathing method, and the majority were aware of the reasons for correct breathing. The majority believed in the therapeutic effect of breathing, with core exercise breathing training being the most commonly used in therapy. 81.7% of therapists had taught a specific breathing method to a patient, and diaphragmatic breathing was the most provided treatment. There was no significant difference in perception according to clinical experience, but there was a significant difference in perception according to educational background. Conclusions: The study provided clinical background on Physical Therapists' belief on correct breathing method, and uses of breathing training during treatment. The results suggest there is a need for a coherent education on breathing method and techniques among Physical Therapists.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2001

목적 : 정위방사선치료 시 정상 뇌 조직을 고선량의 방사선으로부터 최대한 보호하며 치료의 효율성을 높이기 위하여 치료 인자 중 콜리메이터의 크기와 arc 간 간격에 따른 이상적인 total arc degree (TAD) 값을 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : XKnife-3 planning system을 사용하여 환자의 송과체 부위에 방사선 빔의 회전중심점을 위치시킨 후 12, 20, 30, 40, 50 그리고 60 mm 직경의 정위방사선치료용 원형 콜리메이터를 이용하여 각각의 콜리메이터 직경별로 TAD를 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600도, 그리고 arc 간 간격을 30도(6-arc system)와 45도(4-arc system)로 설정하여 방사선치료계획을 수립하였다. 치료계획을 통해 얻은 누적선량체적히스토그람을 이용하여 회전중심점 처방선량의 $50\%$ 이상 조사되는 정상 뇌의 용적$(V_{50})$ 및 적분 생물학적 유효선량(integral biologically effective dose)을 이용하여 각각의 TAD에 따른 방사선치료계획을 비교하였다. 결과 : TAD에 따른 $V_{50}$의 변화는 arc 간 각도가 30도인 경우에는 콜리메이터 직경과 관계없이 TAD가 증가할수록 감소하는 양상을 보였으나, 45도의 arc 간 각도에서는 400도의 TAD까지는 감소하다가 400도 이상의 TAD에서 $V_{50}$은 증가하거나 변화가 없었다. 적분 생물학적 유효선량 값의 변화는 arc 간 간격이 30도인 경우에는 콜리메이터의 직경에 관계없이 TAD가 증가함에 따라 미소하게 감소하는 양상을 보였다. arc 간 각도가 45도인 경우에는 콜리메이터 직경이 40 mm 이하에서는 TAD가 증가함에 따라 적분 생물학적 유효선량은 계속 감소하였으나, 50 mm와 60 mm 직경의 콜리메이터에서는 TAD가 400도까지는 감소하다가 500도 이상의 TAD에서는 증가하였다. 결론 : 정위방사선치료 시 400도 정도의 TAD를 사용하는 것은 300도 이하 혹은 500도 이상의 TAD를 사용하는 것 보다 치료 효과를 높이면서 치료계획과 치료 시 장비 및 인적 자원의 효율적인 운용을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2020

본 연구는 하인즈 코헛의 자기(Self)이론을 기반으로, 자기대상(Selfobject) 기능을 상실한 내담자의 치료적 활성화를 위해 상담자의 전이대상 역할을 기술하였다. 본 연구에서 인간은 평생을 통해서 자기대상이 필요함을 확인하는 계기가 되었다고 할 수 있다. 다음으로는 변형적 내재화 과정을 언급하면 유아는 자기대상을 통한 최적의 좌절로 인하여 부모의 한계를 체험하면서 환상의 세계에서 현실로 돌아오게 된다. 전이대상으로 상담자 역할은 내담자가 응집적 자기를 확립하여, 적절한 자기대상을 선용하도록 하여야 한다. 그리고 내담자의 과대주의와 과시주의를 공감하고 상담자는 이상화 대상이 되어서 내담자가 인정받고 동일시할 수 있는 기회를 주어야 한다. 상담자는 상담 과정에서 내담자에게 최적의 좌절을 제공할 수 있다. 이때 상담자는 자신의 실수를 인정할 때 내담자는 상담자를 현실적으로 바라보게 되고 건강한 자기를 구축하여 변형적 내면화를 이룩하게 된다. 상담을 통해서 내담자에게 응집적 자기가 형성되면 타인을 공감하고 건강한 인간관계를 형성할 수 있다. 그러면 자신의 감정을 통제할 수 있고 비전을 가지게 된다. 그리고 내담자는 삶을 살아가면서 일생동안 적절한 대상과 관계를 맺으면서 살아갈 수밖에 없다고 인식하게 된다.

• ALGAE
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2013

Marine microalgae are a promising source of organisms that can be cultured and targeted to isolate the broad spectrum of functional metabolites. In this study, two species of cyanobacteria, Chlorella ovalis Butcher and Nannchloropsis oculata Droop, one species of bacillariophyta, Phaeoductylum tricornutum Bohlin, and one species of Dinophyceae, Amphidinium carterae (Hulburt) were cultured and biomasses used to evaluate the proximate comical compositions. Among the determined proximate chemical compositions of the cultured marine microalgae, the highest content of crude proteins and lipids were exhibited in P. tricornutum and A. carterae, respectively. Solvent-solvent partition chromatography was subjected to fractionate each of the cultured species and separated n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions. Nitric oxide production inhibitory level (%) and cytotoxicity effect on lipo-polysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were performed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity. N. oculata hexane and chloroform fractions showed significantly the strongest anti-inflammatory activity at $6.25{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ concentration. The cancer cell growth inhibition (%) was determined on three different cell lines including HL-60 (a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line), A549 (a human lung carcinoma cell line), and B16F10 (a mouse melanoma cell line), respectively. Among the extracts, C. ovalis ethyl acetate and A. carterae chloroform fractions suppressed the growth of HL-60 cells significantly at 25 and $50{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ concentrations. Thus, the cultured marine microalgae solvent extracts may have potentiality to isolate pharmacologically active metabolites further using advance chromatographic steps. Hence, the cultured marine microalgae can be described as a good candidate for the future therapeutic uses.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2016

Objectives: Advancements in nanotechnology have led to nanoparticle (NP) use in various fields of medicine. Although the potential of NPs is promising, the lack of documented evidence on the toxicological effects of NPs is concerning. A few studies have documented that homeopathy uses NPs. Unfortunately, very few sound scientific studies have explored the toxic effects of homeopathic drugs. Citing this lack of high-quality scientific evidence, regulatory agencies have been reluctant to endorse homeopathic treatment as an alternative or adjunct treatment. This study aimed to enhance our insight into the impact of commercially-available homeopathic drugs, to study the presence of NPs in those drugs and any deleterious effects they might have, and to determine the distribution pattern of NPs in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). Methods: Homeopathic dilutions were studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction (SAED). For the toxicity assessment on Zebrafish, embryos were exposed to a test solution from 4 - 6 hours post-fertilization, and embryos/larvae were assessed up to 5 days post-fertilization (dpf ) for viability and morphology. Toxicity was recorded in terms of mortality, hatching delay, phenotypic defects and metal accumulation. Around 5 dpf was found to be the optimum developmental stage for evaluation. Results: The present study aimed to conclusively prove the presence of NPs in all high dilutions of homeopathic drugs. Embryonic zebrafish were exposed to three homeopathic drugs with two potencies (30CH, 200CH) during early embryogenesis. The resulting morphological and cellular responses were observed. Exposure to these potencies produced no visibly significant malformations, pericardial edema, and mortality and no necrotic and apoptotic cellular death. Conclusion: Our findings clearly demonstrate that no toxic effects were observed for these three homeopathic drugs at the potencies and exposure times used in this study. The embryonic zebrafish model is recommended as a well-established method for rapidly assessing the toxicity of homeopathic drugs.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2013

집행기능은 뇌손상환자의 회복을 촉진시키는데 중요한 역할을 하며, 그 손상 기전에 대한 이해는 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 기능적 자기공명 영상 기법을 이용하여 집행기능 수행에 관여하는 대뇌 활성화 영역을 파악하고자 실시하였다. 10명의 정상성인(남자 4, 여자 6)이 실험에 참여하였으며, 모두 폐쇄공포증이 없고 금속을 삽입한 수술의 경험이 없는 평균 나이 24.5 세였다. 기능적 자기공명영상 실험을 위한 과제는 단어-색체 검사 과제를 30초간의 자극제시 시간에 맞게 수정하여 제시한 후, SPM 99 프로그램을 이용하여 영상 재정렬(realignment), 표준화(nomalization)를 실시한 후 시간 순서대로 격자화하고, 각 영상 픽셀의 신호강도의 유의한 차이가 있는지를 알아보기 위해 휴지기와 활성기로 나누어 독립표본 t-검정(p<.05)을 실시하여 활성화 영상을 생성시켰다. 이를 표준 해부학적 영상에 중첩시켜 유의수준 95%에서 뇌 활성화 영상을 얻었다. 기능적 자기공명 영상결과 집행기능과 관련 있는 내측 전전두엽, 전 대상회, 두정엽, 시각 전두영역, 측두엽 등에서 활성화 우위를 보였다. 집행기능을 수행하는 뇌 활성화 영역을 확인하면 뇌가소성을 증진시키는 효과적인 인지 치료방법을 개발하는데 매우 유용하게 사용될 것이다.