• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.49-56
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• 2014

Purpose : This purpose of this study is to make a better public hospital patient room to reflect the views of the patient. Methods: Survey to examine patient experience on healing environment in public hospital have been conducted for the data collection. 229 open-ended answers have been analysed statistically by MS Excel program. Results : 1) If there is no toilet space in the six-patient room, installation of toilet in the patient room is necessary. 2) The most Frequently used patient furnitures are necessary to accomodate the patients needs. Depending on the patient condition, installation of a portable or fixed the room furniture for the convenience to the using furniture. 3) According to the flow of modern times, wireless internet access is required to install of expand the space. Also be used to establish a regulations of internet space. 4) To create healing environment infection free environment should be provided. 5) Need for improvements of patient room for relatives of patient. It is necessary to secure a comfortable space to stay. 6) Separation is needed among the patients through therapeutic classification. Implication : In order to provide a better patient room environment, it is necessary to reflect the patient's opinion.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2015

Purpose: Healthcare is on the whole a personal and critical service that consumer's use, whereas hospitalization is as a rule painful, because nature nurtures and Sun Light Luminosity for healthcare settings is considered healing. The performance and design of climate responsive buildings such as AKU requires a detailed study of attributes of climate both at micro as well as macro level. The therapeutic value of contact with nature through window view, greenery and landscape is calculated there. Method: A two prong strategy is been devised for this article, at micro level three typical morphologies are analysed by creating same environment of neighboring building on sun shading chart, radiation and temperature range. Since the analysis of local climate helps to determine the design strategies for hospital Healing Environment which is suitable for Karachi climate; in order to track the macro climatic behaviour, a considerable analysis of psychometrics chart for AKU Karachi are designed on Climate Consultant (CC) and analysed by Machine Learning. Climate Consultant proposes different design strategies suitable for Karachi. And on the other hand time wise illumination sources for clinical area which are then measured on psychrometric chart- according to singular space: multi patient admission, secondly: acute ambulatory ward, and tertiary: multi windowed space according to the mushrabiyah and sky light pattern. Result: Our findings support the hypothesis that windowed wall is 75-80% more healing wall; an accelerated evidence was found for healing at macro level if the form of the hospital is designed according to the climatologically preferences, whereas at micro level: the light resource becomes the staff attentiveness determinant. In Conclusion evidence was provided that the actual form of luminosity results consequently in satisfaction while light entering from several set of windows and other sources might be valued if design according to the healing environment. The data added on the sun shading chart to calculate rays entraining into space in patient room equal to 124416.21 Watts/ meter $m^2$ is calculated as precise healing rate-and is confirmed by questionnaire from patients belonging from each clinical stage having different illnesses.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.153-159
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• 2008

The limitations in current technology for generating transgenic animals, such as the time and the expense, hampered its extensive use in recombinant protein production for therapeutic purpose. In this report, we present a simple and less expensive alternative by directly infusing a recombinant adenovirus vector carrying human lactoferrin cDNA into rabbit mammary glands. The milk serum was collected from the infected mammary gland 48 h post-infection and subjected to a 10% SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. An 80-kDa protein was visualized after viral vector infection. With this method, we obtained a high level of expressed human lactoferrin of up to 2.3mg/ml in the milk. Taken together, the method is useful for the transient high-level expression recombinant proteins, and the approach established here is probably one of the most economical and efficient ways for large-scale production of recombinant proteins of biopharmaceutical interest.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.17-25
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• 2017

Purpose: Since hospitals have a big impact on the natural and social environment, hospitals' sustainability must be considered in various aspects including environmental, social, and economical aspects. So far, research on sustainable hospitals has mainly been conducted on indoor environment, but outdoor space of hospital is as important as well. The purpose of this research is to study the sustainability of hospital outdoor space and to make proposals for improving sustainable regional public hospitals. Methods: Through preceding research analysis and literature review, the concept of sustainable outdoor space of hospital was defined. Also, the evaluation contents of outdoor space were extracted from domestic and foreign green building certification criteria. With this analytic frame, we visited 4 regional public hospitals in Korea, interviewed the facility managers, and analyzed sustainability of hospital outdoor space. Results: Analysis of 4 regional public hospitals reveals that there is a lack of consideration for sustainability in all 4 categories; urban and network, natural environment, community, and user. In terms of community, sustainability has rarely been applied to all four hospitals. The site selection and terrain of the site were essential to sustainability. Implications: Establishing a master plan considering future expansion is critical. Also more attempt to show regional characteristics is needed. It is necessary to design a comprehensive outdoor space that considers sustainability and also healing environment. Level difference in the site can be used as a design element.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.691-698
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• 2019

This study is to examine the effect of improving the forest therapy program for adolescents using forest healing resources (focused on improving index of greenness for adolescents). The participants were 30 students from in the control group that participated in the 2018 program, and 51 students in experimental group that participated in the improved program in 2019. The questionnaire, developed by Korea Forest Welfare Institute, was comprised of items on general matters, index of greenness, restorative environment, positive emotion, negative emotion, facial expression and psychological assessment. The control group had 30 and the experimental group had 49 valid copies of the questionnaires. As a result of the paired sample t-test for each group, the control group showed a significant increase in all categories except restorative environment. In the experimental group, all categories significantly improved to a higher level (p <.01). An independent sample t-test (one-tailed test) was performed to test the effect of the forest therapy program with improved index of greenness. As a result, the index of greenness increased by 0.73 points(t=2.555, p <.01) and restorative environment by 1.01 points (t=2.567, p <.01), showing statistical significance. Negative emotion increased by 0.04 points (t=0.183, p >.05), which was not significant. On the other hand, positive emotion decreased by 0.42 points (t=-1.918, p <.05), facial expression by 0.57 points (t=-1.775, p <.05), and psychological assessment by 0.29 points (t=-0.981, p >.05), showing significance in positive emotion and facial expression. However, all the decreased items showed significant improvements between the pretest and posttest scores of the experimental group.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.223-227
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• 2014

${\delta}$-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a compound which is widely present in the biosphere and plays an important role in the living body as an intermediate of the tetrapyrrole compound biosynthesis pathway that leads to heme in mammals and chlorophyll in plants. ALA is of interest as a biodegradable mediator, a growth regulator, a precursor of heme proteins, and an effective agent used in therapy of cancer. It has been recently reported that ALA is commonly used in dermatology, due to good effects of skin therapy. Although for the last few decades a substantial amount of research has been focused on the elucidation of the mechanism of ALA and the improvement of its therapeutic activity, it's effect on the cell functions and growth was not cleared. Here, we identified that ALA treatment could attenuate cell proliferation of HEK293T and HaCaT cells. In addition, ALA treatement could induce apoptosis of HeLa cells. These results suggest that apoptosis induced by ALA treatment might be responsible for inhibition of cell proliferation. These results propose the possibility of the improved therapeutic strategy making ALA one of the effective drugs used in human cancers.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.79-87
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• 2008

Snoezelen, multi-sensory stimulation, provides stimulation through the visual, aural, tactile, olfactory, gustatory and proprioceptive senses. Its aim is to be a relaxing, feeling of safety, novelty and stimulation with no expectations for performance. Agitated behavior of people with dementia causes significant problems and distress for cares. The objective of this research study was to test the effects of Snoezelen room on physical and verbal agitated behaviors of people with dementia. Four patients participated five sessions in Snoezelen room of 'F' dementia care facility in Sweden. Assessment instrument was basically used Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory-Short Form to be rated by caregivers on a 5-point frequency scale. Pre-trial and post-trial assessments were carried out during $27^{th}$ Aug.-$27^{th}$ Sept. 2007. Result shows that Snoezelen room has some short-term positive effect on agitated behavior even though there was a considerable variation individuals responded. This result adds to the increasing evidence that Snoezelen could be a therapeutic environment for the elderly with dementia. Further research study, with larger number of participation, and a control group is required to establish more scientific evidence of Snoezelen effects on health outcome.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sensory stimulation for static balance on normal children. Sensory input was consisted of colors, and music tempo stimulation. Methods : Participants were consisted of 20 normal kindergarten children ranging in age from six to seven years. The static balance was tested by a BPM(Balance Performance Monitor). In this study one-way ANOVA was used and the statistical significance level of results was determined at 0.05. Results : 1. According to color stimulation, there was no significant difference in static balance among red, yellow, green(p>0.05). 2. According to music tempo stimulation, there was no significant difference in static balance, among the high music tempo and low music tempo children in a general environment(p>0.05). 3. However, both green color and low music tempo stimulation have a little effect on static balance on normal children. Conclusion : These results indicate the possibility that the application method of green color and low music tempo stimulation may help in the improvement of static balance for the disabled children. This study will be used as the foundational data of therapeutic environment for the disabled children.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.97-111
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• 2002

Despite the substantial increase of the elderly population in Korea, welfare policies such as housing programs have not been developed enough to meet the diverse needs of the aging people. Particularly, caring for elderly dementia patients is becoming a serious social problem in Korean society. Families are still primarily responsible for taking care of the elderly dementia patients, and thus are suffering from tremendous caregiving burdens. In many Western countries, group homes, which are small-scale care facilities with home-like atmosphere, have become common housing alternatives for elderly dementia patients. Group homes effectively create a therapeutic environment while helping reduce the elder care burdens for the families. This article proposes to review group homes as a housing option for the elderly with dementia in Korea. The purpose of this article is to make suggestions for housing policies, separately or as a part of more general welfare policies. Based on the questionnaire survey conducted on 912 persons currently residing in Seoul and five different provinces, various possible policies and suggestions to promote establishing group homes and other facilities for elderly dementia patients are discussed in this article.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.217-231
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• 2011

T cell exhaustion develops under conditions of antigen-persistence caused by infection with various chronic pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and myco-bacterium tuberculosis (TB), or by the development of cancer. T cell exhaustion is characterized by stepwise and progressive loss of T cell function, which is probably the main reason for the failed immunological control of chronic pathogens and cancers. Recent observations have detailed some of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence the severity of T cell exhaustion. Duration and magnitude of antigenic activation of T cells might be associated with up-regulation of inhibitory receptors, which is a major intrinsic factor of T cell exhaustion. Extrinsic factors might include the production of suppressive cytokines, T cell priming by either non-professional antigenpresenting cells (APCs) or tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs), and alteration of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Further investigation of the cellular and molecular processes behind the development of T cell exhaustion can reveal therapeutic targets and strategies for the treatment of chronic infections and cancers. Here, we report the properties and the mechanisms of T cell exhaustion in a chronic environment.