• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.57-63
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• 1997

In the early 20'c, scientific thoughts make a change the absolute and separate concept of space-time into relative concept of continual entity; a kind of ideal world. It suggests that the meaning of geometry as absolute truth with which has endowed human beings would changed to a relative meaning of accumulation in intellectual work on 'nature'. This cognitive changes appeared into absolute arts in 20'c like Cubism, Superematism or Constructivism. De Stijl movement which had recepted the relative concepts like Einstein's 'theory of relativity' as a developed thought from Newton-Cartesian cognition on the world. Abstration would be adequate method for expressing the dynamics and interrelationship between forms and for giving values to indivisual elements in a compositiov. This method had appeared Modern architectural form, as a common framework. The expression characteristics of geometrical design in Deconstructive and Experimental architecture were summerized in four features through the results of the analysis. First, the relation of architectural element and intertextuality is expressed in discontinuation of context and refusal of functional building. Second, the concept of trace expresses as connection of place, decomposing of excavation of trace, trace of axis, trace of fragments. Third, anti-gravity expression is there to express of open cubic, to outgrow of rectangular system, to outgrow of volume, to separate of ground connectiov. Fourth, the complex composition of abstracted geometric form is these to abstracted geometry about indefinite shape, to layer through the overlap and collage, to de-meaning and amusement of form through the pursuit of uncertainty, to indeterminate of formal meaning through operation and composition of similar form cause to the diverse of meaning.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.241-257
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• 2009

The essay discusses the way in which the aesthetic of Pre-Raphaelites reformulates the habitual system of knowledge in the Victorian age by adapting $Ranci{\acute{e}}re^{\prime}s$ concept of aesthetics. $Ranci{\acute{e}}re$ develops an original theory of aesthetics, a regime of knowledge which enables to perceive and reflect art as such. In this way, aesthetics turns to be the logical system by which the consensus idea of the beautiful comes to exist. For $Ranci{\acute{e}}re$, aesthetics is an agreed system of the sensible and reproduces the habitual knowledge of the world. Therefore, a new aesthetic movement means an attempt to break the given aesthetics and reorients the new distribution of the sensible. The important point of $Ranci{\acute{e}}re^{\prime}s$ argument is that he does not presuppose the dimension beyond the present unlike Frankfurt School. What $Ranci{\acute{e}}re$ claims is that there is no such the aesthetic which can correct the instrumental reason, but rather an indifferent moment in which a worker finds out himself as a creator who can give rise to the new regime of the sensible and feels free from what he must work for. From this perspective, the essay explores the aesthetic of Pre-Raphaelites and its meaning in nineteenth century Britain. Pre-Raphaelites was an artist group who railed against a so-called academic style of paintings and created a new aesthetic criterion to describe the truth of the natural world. The essay examines the interrelationship between Pre-Raphaelites and photography that would enable them to re-distribute the sensible and produce a new way of seeing the order of things. This is related to the birth of a modern gaze as in the case of landscape paintings. What is crucial is that the distribution of the sensible is always-already doubled with the political. In short, Pre-Raphaeltes is not only an aesthetic movement but also a political pursuit to achieve a disenchanted perception of nineteenth century industrial capitalism.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.7
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• pp.89-123
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• 2009

The Philippines was colonized by Spain for about centuries, from 1521 to 1898, and ruled by America for around four decades, from 1899 to 1946. After recovering from the Second World War, the government started to harness human labor as export itself. In the present time the overseas Filipinos keep the economy afloat with their steady transfer of money to relatives and dependents. Through the art works, the issue which Filipinos were exploited and exported by its government has been reflected as the various allegories. As Filipinos traditionally follow and keep Catholic belief, themes of Christ's sacrifice has allegorically been represented as salvation, struggle, suppression, and emancipation of people. Through the allegory, we can interpret both the intrinsic and superficial texts. Also we can identity certain modes of the visuality of allegory in selected works from Philippine art history that in their complex mediations materialize the people and dignity of their predicament and their prevailing. Philippine art can be divided as three different features: passion, vagrancy, and mass formation. The passion stage was depicted as deep structure of Christian thought and devotional feeling, harsh capitalist system. In the pictures of vagrancy, under the regime of Ferdinand Marcos, the themes of drift, deprivation, and homelessness are reckoned through the images of pictures. The stories represented with allegory have been played an important role to bring local issues up as national ones. Those stages take us to the processes of mass formation or the depiction of the people as a moment in the totality of force. The allegorical sign refers to another sign that precedes it, but with which it will never able to coincide reach back to a previous stage and in this constant attempt at return incorporates a structural distance from its origin. The true people's art is one that radically generates transformative technologies and techniques so that it irrevocably breaks the plane of "art". In the painting, the truth is represented by functioning as foundation of a rhetoric of the image. And at this axis, the passional, the vagrant, and the mass formation tend to come together because they render the form of contingency that must be suffered and hopefully surpassed, a Filipino subjectivity that must be stitched in time.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.37-58
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• 2011

The development of recent Mathematical Logic is mostly originated in Hilbert's Proof Theory. The purpose of the plan so called Hilbert's Program lies in the formalization of mathematics by formal axiomatic method, rescuing classical mathematics by means of verifying completeness and consistency of the formal system and solidifying the foundations of mathematics. In 1931, the completeness encounters crisis by the existence of undecidable proposition through the 1st Theorem of G?del, and the establishment of consistency faces a risk of invalidation by the 2nd Theorem. However, relative of partial realization of Hilbert's Program still exists as a fruitful research program. We have tried to bring into relief through Curry-Howard Correspondence the fact that Hilbert's program serves as source of power for the growth of mathematical constructivism today. That proof in natural deduction is in truth equivalent to computer program has allowed the formalization of mathematics to be seen in new light. In other words, Hilbert's program conforms best to the concept of algorithm, the central idea in computer science.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.111-139
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• 2016

Plato's philosophical importance in western thinking history cannot be understated. Especially his dichotomy system became common to the European traditions of philosophical and scientific discourses by assigning principal value to the presence that is opposed to the absence. Since the ancient Greeks, the concept of presence has been expressed itself in number of ways such as God, Truth, Logos, and center. Derrida called this European thinking "the metaphysics of presence." In order to analyze logocentrism also called the metaphysics of presence in No Telephone to Heaven, I used the term, paralogy that Aristotle did not accept as rules of argumentation but that Lyotard revived it positively as the principle of reason. Lyotard's incredulity towards rationalist theory of modernism is that knowledge can never be certain. Without any ultimate validity, certainty is impossible. Nevertheless, as Fanon said, the colonial world is dominated with a traditional Manichaean world. As a result what remains to the colonized to establish their identities is that of an armed struggle towards the colonizer even though they know it results in the vicious circle of hatred endlessly. Cliff attempted to show this message in her text through the tragic heroine, Clare Savage. Cliff's another critique of modernism's rationalism is shown through the ambiguous sexuality of Harry/Harriot. In this novel, gender plays also a central role by questioning the traditional binary system of sexuality. In this paper, I deconstructed this traditional gender system in terms of Bulter's concept of performitivity. This study will give the text another layer of deconstructive interpretation echoing with the proverb, one tree cannot make a forest.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.2 s.33
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• pp.66-73
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• 2006

This study is on Yoshimasu Todo's thoughts of a real doctor and medicine. Conclusions are as below. disease-doctor[疾醫] is a doctor treating diseases by poisonous medicines. His role is different from food-doctor[食醫] who recuperates vital energy by food. Unlike food-doctor, a disease-doctor only detoxicates poisons of diseases by using poisonous medicines. Disease-doctor shall not take credit upon himself for the service of Heaven' s power. This is Yoshimasu Todo's view of a real doctor. Medicine is not an imagination, but a reality. It is the recognition of knowing what can be known and seeing what can be seen The truth of medicine is in ancient words(古語), ancient teachings[古訓] and ancient ways[古法]. To study medicine is not recklessly believing and following the contents of ancient medical texts-${\ulcorner}$Sanghanlon(傷寒論)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Geumgwe-yolyag(金置要略)${\lrcorner}$,${\ulcorner}$Somun(素問)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\lrcorner}$. It is to follow the ancient ways written and left in ancient books and not to follow wrong ways fabricated by after ages. The theories of eum-yang-obaeng(陰陽五行) and o-un-yuggi(五運六氣) are useless to medicine because these are groudless ones. This is Yoshimasu Todo's view of medicine.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.299-309
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship between perpetrators and victims in Joshua Oppenheimer's Act of Killing. The theoretical tools used for this purpose were to study $Ren{\acute{e}}$ Girard's "Mimetic desire" and Hannah Arrent's "banality of evil" and to look at $Ren{\acute{e}}$ Girard's theory of "Le Bouc emissaire". The meaning of the study used the reproducible narrative of the film to challenge the reproducibility of past genocide and seek the combination of documentary and fiction as a way to show the truth. Also, the reconciliation between the assailant and the victim is meaningful in securing 'neutrality of fairness'.but they are still lacking, and more in-depth studies will need to be conducted in future further studies.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.101-110
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• 2005

Simulacre is one of the major topics in the Western philosophy since Plato. Since the 20th century, the Western philosophy is based on rationalism toward 'absolute truth' founded on Platonic Ideas. The concept of Simulacre is ignored and rejected until the modern days. However, Simulacre is gaining its attention at this time of image. and the time of Simulacre. The concept of postmodern Simulacre started from Walter Benjamin is developed by Gnther Anders, Jacques Derrida, Gilles Deleuze, and Jean Baudrillard. This study, based on the Jean Baudrillard's concept of Simulacre, examines today's Simulacre phenomena and analyzes the cinematic works of Oshii Mamoru who displays the concept of Simulacre in his films. Analyzing and evaluating his recent visual works based on Simulacre theory with such superficial methods as advanced special visual effects is a mistake that demeans Simulation? (Matrix). Today, Simulacre phenomena are scattered all over our life. The search of its substance and the analysis of his artworks will be a foundation that makes a new alternative suggestion.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.36
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• pp.227-252
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• 2008

This study investigated the relation between social worker's beliefs on the nature of scientific knowledge which has been classified objectivism and constructivism and social work practice. As an epistemological position, constructivism is based on a view of knowledge that differs from that of objectivism, which holds that knowledge exists "out there" as objective truth. The focus of this paper is a examination on epistemological beliefs of social worker and social work practice. This paper proves that social work's epistemological beliefs have an effect on the practice modes. This research indicates that social works have a higher constructivist veiws than objectivist veiws on the nature of scientific knowledge. And social worker who have a high level of objectivism show a positive determinative mode. It has suggested that the constructive theory offers useful epistemology to the social worker who should deal with the clients in uncertain situations. In conclusion, a social worker with a high level of constructivism use an approach that creats a more equitable relationship between social worker and client. This perspective will allows cliens to participate in the formulation of theories in practice.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.31-52
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• 2013

The metacognitive experience of the ease or difficulty with which new, external information can be processed, referred to as 'processing fluency,' has been shown to influence a wide range of human judgments including truth judgments, familiarity judgments, risk perception, evaluation, and preference (see Alter and Oppenheimer 2009 for a review). The current research explores the possibility of a consumer's product innovativeness judgment based on the difficulty of processing new information. In specific, this study examines if the inferential link between (dis)fluency-(un)familiarity can feed into the perception of innovativeness. This study also explores how a consumer's processing motivation can moderate the consumer's reliance on processing fluency in judgments and how the influence of fluency can vary depending on judgment task orders. In an experiment, participants rated a new product's innovativeness and then indicated their product attitude (or vice versa depending on the judgment task order condition) after reading a product review article that was printed in either an easy-to-read or a difficult-to-read font (for fluency manipulation). The findings show that low need for cognition individuals infer higher product innovativeness when processing product information is difficult rather than easy, consistent with the common assumption that 'new information is more difficult to process than familiar information.' The findings also suggest that once low fluency is attributed to innovativeness, it may no longer lead to a negative response to the product. High need for cognition individuals' judgments on product innovativeness are not affected by fluency. The findings also demonstrate a judgment task order effect on the use of fluency in judgments (e.g., Xu and Schwarz 2005). This study provides the first evidence that an individual's fluency experience can be used as a source of information in product innovativeness judgments especially under low processing motivation conditions. The findings can help marketers better understand the malleability of consumer judgments and perceptions of product characteristics (e.g., product innovativeness) by demonstrating an interesting interplay of processing fluency, processing motivation, and judgment task-related contextual factors.