• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2002

This study was performed to evaluate an applicability of the SMMCMAS system for reuse of the sewage from spa area and was operated to HLR(Hydraulic loading rate) of 211.3 to 126.8 $\ell$/㎥/d. The operating HRT(Hydraulic retention time) ranges were 2.5 to 1.5 hours. Conclusions are as follows; At the optimum HLR of 158.5 $\ell/\m^2$/d (HRT of 2.0 hours), the maximum BOD removal efficiency was 94% and the effluent BOD concentration was 1.1mg/$\ell$ in result. As the HLR was increased to 211.3 $\ell/\m^2$/d, BOD removal efficiency was decreased to 75% and BOD removal efficiency was also reduced to 74% at lower HLR of 126.8 $\ell/\m^2$/d. It shows that the maximum BOD removal efficiency occurs at an optimum HLR value and that the removal efficiency decreases when the HLR is either higher or lower than the optimum value. Sludge production rates were ranged 0.01 to 0.24gVSS/gBODrem/d and accomplished to 0.01gVSS/gBODrem/d at the optimum HLR of 158.5 $\ell/\m^2$/d.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.7
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• pp.100-113
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate how VMD structural elements affect fashion brand attitude and intention of store revisiting. For the research, we surveyed 200 females in their 20's and 30's, who are target consumers of SPA brands from April 10th to 15th in 2009. With SPSS 12.0 program, the data was analysed by frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results are as follows: First, regarding to the results of factor analysis, VMD structural elements were divided into the space layout and information factor, display and aesthetic factor, and store atmosphere factor. Second, intention of store revisiting was statically affected by fashion brand attitude and VMD structural elements, especially space layout and information factor. Third, we found differences in the path effects of VMD structural elements - brand attitude - store revisiting according to the familiarity of SPA stores. The results revealed that VMD structural elements are important marketing strategic tools affecting consumer's preference and store behavior on fashion brands.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

This study is related to the realization of high speed address driving method for Full-HD PDP. The new self-priming addressing(SPA) driving scheme was proposed to improve an address discharge time lag, which utilizes the priming effect maintaining the priming discharge during an address period. In this study, the basic characteristics of the priming ramp discharge were investigated and optimize the reset pulse and priming pulse. It is noted that the address discharge time lag is significantly improved from 1.2[${\mu}s$] to 0.8[${\mu}s$] when the slope of the priming ramp pulse is below 0.1[$V/{\mu}s$].

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.37-53
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• 2013

With rapid growth of the world plant market, an increasing attention is paid on the plant engineering. Up to present time, Korean plant engineering technology has been concerned with the down stream part of the plant engineering, so called EPC, considered as a lower value chain compared with the up stream, composed of FEED(Front End Engineering Design) and PMC(Project Management Consultancy). In other words, a key issue for Korean plant industry is how to catch up the FEED technology, currently occupied by the advanced countries. In this paper, we propose an SE(Systems Engineering) approach, conventionally applied for aerospace and defense industry, to the FEED for plant engineering. Specifically, we proposed a new SE process composed of: 1) SPA matrix for reverse systems engineering, and 2) PPA matrix for forward systems engineering. To illustrate the proposed method, a case study for an environmental plant is performed.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.377-386
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• 2020

This paper discusses the effectiveness of onboard measurements and data extracted from weather information for speed-power analysis. Furthermore, validation results of hull and propeller cleaning and painting during dry-docking are discussed. Wind and wave information can be obtained from onboard measurements or weather information from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The weather information of a specified position and time is extracted from NOAA weather data and compared with onboard measurements. In addition, to validate the effects of hull cleaning and painting during dry-docking, speed-power analysis results of before and after dry-docking are compared. The results show that both onboard measurements and weather information show acceptable reliability when added resistance and speed-power analysis results are compared with each other. Moreover, the ship performance analysis (SPA) software clearly shows the effects of hull cleaning and painting, and it can provide reliable analysis results with either onboard measurements or weather information. In conclusion, it is confirmed that the analysis method and SPA software used in this study are effective in analyzing the ship's speed-power performance.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.133-140
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• 2011

Password-based authentication is the protocol that two entities share a password in advance and use the password as the basic of authentication. Password authentication schemes are divided into weak-password and strong-password authentication scheme. SPAS protocol, one of the strong-password authentication scheme, was proposed for secure against DoS attack. However it has vulnerability of the replay attack. In this paper, we analyze the vulnerability to the replay attack in SPAS protocol. Then we also propose an Improved-Strong Password Authentication Scheme (I-SPAS) with secure against the replay attack.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.318-326
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• 2011

Public key cryptosystem applications are very difficult in Ubiquitos environments due to computational complexity, memory and power constrains. HECC offers the same of levels of security with much shorter bit-lengths than RSA or ECC. Scalar multiplication is the core operation in HECC. T.Lange proposed inverse free scalar multiplication on genus 2 HECC. However, further coordinate must be access to SCA and need more storage space. This paper developed secure scalar multiplication algorithm with simultaneous inversion algorithm in HECC. To improve the over all performance and security, the proposed algorithm adopt the comparable technique of the simultaneous inversion algorithm. The proposed algorithm is resistant to DPA and SPA.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.585-591
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• 2013

Recently, the combined attack which is a combination of side channel analysis and fault attack has been developed to extract the secret key during the cryptographic processes using a security device. Unfortunately, an attacker can find the private key of RSA cryptosystem through one time fault injection and power signal analysis. In this paper, we diagnosed SPA/FA resistant BNP(Boscher, Naciri, and Prouff) exponentiation algorithm as having threats to a similar combined attack. And we proposed a simple countermeasure to resist against this combined attack by randomizing the private key using error infective method.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.2 s.33
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• pp.132-141
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to consider the definition, history, classification and clinical effect of balneotherapy. Methods : We researched oriental documents and recent sources of balneotherapy. Results and Conclusions : 1. Balneotherapy is medical cure method which uses physical chemistry effects of water. 2. Records of balneotherapy are seen in oriental documents such as Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經), Sinnongbonchogyeong(神農本草經), Jaebyoungwonhuron(諸病源候論), Youmoonsachin(儒門事親), Bonchogangmok(本草綱目) and Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑) etc. 3. Spa can classify eleven types according to ingredient. The types were as following. Simple thermal spirng, Common salt spring, Sodium bicarbonated spring, Sulfate spring, Radioactive spring, Acid spring, Sulfur spring, Carbon dioxide spring, Iron spring, Alum spring & Sulfate-iron spring, Bicarbonatealkaline spring. 4. Physical, chemical and environmental effect of spa therapy have effectiveness on the chronic and we akness disease more than acute disease. And balneotherapy have more effectiveness on digestive disease, pulmonary disease, metabolic disease, circulatory disease, muscle skeletal disease and dermatologic disease than any other diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.221-223
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• 2014

Power analysis attack on cryptographic hardware device aims to study the power consumption while performing operations using secrets keys. Power analysis is a form of side channel attack which allow an attacker to compute the key encryption from algorithm using Simple Power Analysis (SPA), Differential Power Analysis (DPA) or Correlation Power Analysis (CPA). The theoretical weaknesses in algorithms or leaked informations from physical implementation of a cryptosystem are usually used to break the system. This paper describes how power analysis work and we provide an overview of countermeasures against power analysis attacks.