• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제14권10호
• /
• pp.1483-1496
• /
• 2001

Small ruminants form an important economic and ecological niche in small farm systems and agriculture. Their current low level of contribution is dismal, and is not commensurate with the potential capacity for higher levels of production. The context for productivity enhancement and increased socio-economic contribution relates to large sizes of small ruminant populations; wide distribution across various agro-ecological zones and production systems; and diversity of breeds, where 66% of all goat and 57% of sheep breeds in Asia are found in China, India and Pakistan. The advantages and disadvantages of small ruminants over larger ruminants are enumerated with reference to adaptation and environment, small size, production systems and products and interactions with the environment. Discussion focuses especially on efficiency of meat production and niche markets for higher-priced goat meat, and inefficient marketing systems given an estimated 40-45% loss of income to farmers presently. Increasing the quantity of meat produced is related to live weight and the total number of animals at Slaughter, which in turn, depend on the total number of offsprings weaned and lifetime productivity. At the national level, priority attention is essential to build up numbers in concerted breeding programmes, selection for efficiency of reproduction and meat production, and improvements to make traditional markets and marketing systems to respond to the changing environmental and consumer preferences. Post-production systems are neglected and improvements are associated with collection, handling, marketing, slaughter facilities and consumer requirements. Potential opportunities to expand and benefit from integrating small ruminants into annual and perennial cropping systems remain largely unexplored. Important development imperatives include choice of species and better use of available breeds, appropriate production systems that match available feed resources, and linkages between production, products and by-products to markets. Affirmative action is necessary, backed by official policy support, institutional commitment and increased resource use, that can target poverty and directly benefit the poor, and shift subsistence production to a more market-oriented opportunity. These efforts together constitute the challenges for both the owners and producers of small ruminants in the immediate future, as also the will to accelerate increased productivity, improve their livelihoods and promote rural growth.

• 한국언론정보학보
• /
• 제35권
• /
• pp.87-113
• /
• 2006

이 연구의 목적은 시장 개방이 미디어와 문화 콘텐츠의 수용자의 복지를 증진시킬 것이라는 주장의 타당성을 이론적으로 검토하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 이 연구는 먼저 우리 사회의 문화 시장 개방에 관한 입장들의 스펙트럼을 수용자 복지를 중심으로 분류하였다. 다음으로 시장 개방이 소비자로서의 수용자에게 실질적으로 경제적 이익을 가져다 줄 것인가를 미디어 공공재 개념을 중심으로 검토하였다. 마지막으로 시장 개방이 시민으로서의 수용자에게 가져다 줄 민주적 가치 차원의 손익을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 적극적 시장 개방론이 주장하고 있는 문화산업의 경제적 효율성 증대 및 경쟁력 강화, 소비자의 선택권 확대, 문화적 가치의 보호 등은 그 이론적 정당성이 미흡하며 논리적인 모순이 적지 않다는 점이 드러났다. 따라서 적어도 이론적으로는 시장 개방이 수용자 복지를 증진시킬 수 없다는 결론을 얻었다. 그러나 시장 개방 반대의 논리가 문화의 교류와 유통 자체를 금기시하는 왜곡된 민족문화의 보호주의로 이어져서는 곤란하며, 오히려 시장 개방이란 조건은 우리 내부의 문화적 다양성을 돌아보고 개혁하는 계기로 작동해야 한다는 점을 덧붙여서 제안했다.

• 한국품질경영학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국품질경영학회 1998년도 The 12th Asia Quality Management Symposium* Total Quality Management for Restoring Competitiveness
• /
• pp.544-555
• /
• 1998

Although the bimodal mixed weibull distribution is used to developing burn-in model widely, the failure times for a component or a system is often truncated at some time, T, due to the obsolescence in the electronics industry. In this paper, we will determine minimum total cost and burn-in time by using the bimodal mixed weibull distribution and the truncated bimodal mixed weibull distribution under the free warranty policy. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, when products or system is not repairable, the width of the change of burn-in time can be larger by ${\beta}_1,\;{\beta}_2$ Second, if burn-in time become longer, it will be impossible to consider the bum-in in a long time, and in this case, the burn-in time should be shorten by the acceleration burn-in. Third, in case that opportunity loss cost or repair cost is exceed the warranty cost, or the total cost of considering burn-in is larger than that of not considering burn-in, it is not existed burn-in time which makes total cost to minimize. Forth, the shorter life-cycle of product, the more burn-in times will be decreased and the cost in considering burn-in will be increased

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2004

Pest monitoring through field surveys and surveillance helps in forecasting the population build up of pest. It reduces the load of pesticides application and forms the basis of Integrated Pest Management in sericulture. Common sampling techniques for quantifying pest populations and damage caused by them are reviewed emphasizing the need for quick and simple sampling methods. Various direct and indirect sampling methods for establishing pest populations are discussed and methods have been discussed to use indirect sampling method under IPM programme in sericulture. The use of pheromone lures and traps forms one of the important ingredients of integrated pest management, which calls for integration of all available methods in a cost effective and environmental friendly manner offering consistent efficacy. Silk-worms feed on the variety of silk host plants and spin cocoons. Each silk host plant is attacked in the field by number of insect pest species. Several pests are common to mulberry, tasar, oak tasar, muga and eri host plant but pest status and seasonal abundance differs from each crop. The key pests are serious perennially occurring persistent species which cause considerable yield loss every year on large areas and require control measure. Regular occurrence of minor pest is noticed but sudden increase in its population is not known. The occasional pests are sporadic but potential causing sufficient damage. Silk losses due to attack of all the pests have not been calculated. However, information on pest biology and ecology, and control practices being practiced is available but the period of outbreak of major pests and predators on silkworms and its host plant needs to be reinvestigated. Pest and predators forecasting based on surveillance information may provide an opportunity to minimize the losses, particularly to reduce expenditure involved in pest management.

• 사회복지연구
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.121-155
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 교도소와 치료감호소에 수감되어 있는 성폭력 가해자의 경험에 대한 연구로서 이론적으로는 성폭력 가해자의 경험의 본질구조를 살펴보고자 했고 실천적으로는 성폭력 가해자들의 재범을 막고 치료적 감호프로그램을 제공하기 위한 사회복지실천 개입의 근거 자료를 구축하고자 했다. 연구는 Van-Manen(1990)의 분석틀을 원용하여 해석학적 현상학적 방법으로 수행했고 연구에는 7명의 성폭력 가해자가 참여했다. 자료는 심층면담으로 수집했으며 해석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 여론의 피해자라는 인식, 카인의 표식, 견본생활(show window)로 인한 성찰기회의 상실, 구별짓기(distinction)를 통한 집단차별화, 허물을 벗고자 하는 형이상학적 존재의 발현, 과학적 관리기술의 역이용, 상상계(the Imaginary)로부터의 미분화(undifferentiation), 도치된 소통으로 나타난 성행위, 통제받음의 반동형성으로서 지배영역을 찾음, 아동의 성마저 상품화하는 자본주의 속성에서 자유로울 수 없음, 성정체성 사회화과정에서의 왜곡, 억눌린 욕망의 화신으로 각인된 부상, 상실된 어머니의 순결성 회복, 산산이 부서진 이름으로서의 가족 등으로 나타났다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.894-904
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore decision making experiences of Korean women with breast cancer who underwent breast reconstruction with/after a mastectomy. Methods: Data were collected during 2015-2016 through individual in-depth interviews with 10 women who had both mastectomy and breast reconstruction, and analyzed using phenomenological method to identify essential themes on experiences of making a decision to have breast reconstruction. Results: Five theme clusters emerged. First, "expected loss of sexuality and discovery of autonomy" illustrates various aims of breast reconstruction. Second, "holding tight to the reputation of doctors amid uncertainty" specifies the importance of a trust relationship with their physician despite a lack of information. Third, "family members to step back in position" describes support or opposition from family members in the decision making process. Fourth, "bewilderment due to the paradox of appearance-oriented views" illustrates paradoxical environment, resulting in confusion and anger. Lastly, "decision to be made quickly with limited time to oneself" describes the crazy whirling process of decision making. Conclusion: Findings highlight aims, worries, barriers, and facilitators that women with breast cancer experience when making a decision about breast reconstruction. Deciding on breast reconstruction was not only a burden for women in a state of shock with a diagnosis of breast cancer, but also an opportunity to decide to integrate their body, femininity, and self which might be wounded from a mastectomy. These findings will help oncology professionals provide effective educational counselling before the operation to promote higher satisfaction after the operation.

• 산학경영연구
• /
• 제16권
• /
• pp.145-168
• /
• 2003

본 논문은 KOSPI 200 주가지수선물시장을 대상으로 1996년 5월 3일이후, 2000년 12월 14일까지 1,262일간의 근월물 월별 Data를 이용하여 시장도입초기의 실제가격의 이론가격에 대한 저평가 여부를 파악해보고, 이러한 실제가격과 이론가격간의 괴리로 인한 차익거래 기회의 존재를 거래비용을 고려하여 확인해 본 후, KOSPI 200 주가지수선물에서의 이론가격과 실제가격과의 괴리와 KOSPI 200 현물지수의 변동성과의 관계를 거래비용을 고려하여 파악해 보았다. 연구결과, KOSPI 200 주가지수선물은 이론가격에 비해 지속적으로 저평가 되어 있었다. 또한 개인 투자자의 입장에서 차익거래기회의 존재를 확인한 결과, 이론가격과 실제가격은 지속적인 괴리현상으로 인해 매도 매수 차익거래기회가 존재하였고, 거래비용을 고려한 경우에도 차익거래기회가 존재하였다. 또한 선물시장에서 괴리가 발생한 날과 그렇지 않은 날로 구분하여, KOSPI 200 현물지수의 변동성을 검증해 본 결과 괴리가 발생한 날의 변동성이 보다 더 크다는 결론을 얻었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.711-714
• /
• 2006

Purpose: Contralateral reduction mammaplasty at the time of breast reconstruction using autogenous tissue gives aesthetically improved results in the patients with mammary hypertrophy or ptosis. It also reduces required flap size for reconstruction and permits discarding zones of poor perfusion, decreasing flap size-related problems such as partial flap loss or fat necrosis. Considering the high rate of bilaterality of breast cancer, it also provides a good opportunity for exploration and occult cancer diagnosis in such high risk group patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 45 consecutive patients who underwent simultaneous breast reconstruction and contralateral reduction mammaplasty was performed about surgical technique, pathologic diagnosis, and subsequent treatment. Results: Three occult breast cancers were found in 45 patients(6.7%); one was microinvasive, and the other two were invasive carcinomas and their mean diameter was 1.2 cm. One patient underwent subsequent breast conserving mastectomy, adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy. The others underwent only radiation and hormone therapy. They were followed up for 10 to 42 months without evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion: Occult breast cancer diagnosed in reduction mammaplasty specimen will lead to good prognosis due to its early detection. Treatment options depend on pathologic finding, stage, marginal status, and the timing of diagnosis. We recommend adequate markings for orientation and margins, excision with sufficient margin, and confirmation by frozen biopsy for suspected lesions.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제37권
• /
• pp.277-327
• /
• 2008

This paper is to provide for an analysis on the trade adjustment assistance program and the Case study affected by international trade and FTA. The paper offers a legal study on analysis about Korea's Trade Adjustment Assistance Law for the Manufacturing Industries, USA's TAA. and Japan's law for Industry revival. In general, USA's TAA measures are defined as assistance actions for business enterprises, farmers and manufacturing industries workers. We exclude farmers and fishermen under Korea's Trade Adjustment Assistance Law for the Manufacturing Industries's business enterprises and workers, but we give them the systemic supports under korea's special assistance law for the farmers and fishermen and so on after FTA. Especially this focuses on the trade adjustment assistance case about both Korea's agriculture-farmer assistance from FTA and USA's TAA from workers in layoffs of trade-impacted communities. Korea has provided TAA to the sphere of agriculture after special legislation in Korea-Chile helping closed orchard, modernizing high quality producing facility for agriculture competition, producing superior fruit saplings, and constructing the distribution center in the producing district. But for US-Korea FTA and rapid increase of import by FTA expansion, we must prepare such indemnity systems for loss as cash benefit and wider aids for closed farm. The USA's TAA program targets manufacturing workers affected by international trade, who may have fewer transferable skills and face greater challenges to reemployment than other dislocated workers. A large majority sought some assistance from their one-stop center. Relatively small numbers chose to enroll in training, but those who did it often used this opportunity to chart a new career path. Finally, we learned the importance of education and discipline from USA cases. The fast and accurate information providing can raise efficiencies. The infrastructure can maximize the effect of TAA. The effective application would help us get over difficulties of TAA at hand.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.255-272
• /
• 2020

This exploratory study investigated Chinese consumers' perceived usefulness and risks of fashion apps and identified reasons for continuance and discontinuance intentions. This study conducted focus group interviews with a convenience sample of 13 Chinese students majoring in fashion in Korea. Based on interviewee responses, this study identified five attributes leading the perceived usefulness of mobile fashion apps (ubiquity and convenience, multi-media information, personalization, interactivity between consumers, and immediateness) and sub elements related to the five attributes. Five types of perceived risk (privacy risk, security risk, product risk, loss of future opportunity, and time risk) were identified in relation to Chinese consumers' use of fashion apps. The important role of live streaming services was uniquely identified by Chinese fashion app users. Usefulness of location-based information provided by mobile fashion apps were differently perceived according to respondents' use purpose, and augmented reality services provided by the apps were related to entertainment rather than usefulness. This study provides meaningful insights into Chinese consumers' perceptions of fashion apps and important app attributes that influence their continuance and discontinuance intentions. The findings from this study lend preliminary implications for future researchers and fashion businesses interested in the Chinese app market.