• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2006

E-commerce와 E-business가 급격히 발전함에 따라 인증서의 사용이 증가하고 있다. 인증서 검증은 E-commerce에서 가장 먼저 이루어져야 하며 OCSP Responder는 OCSP를 이용하여 클라이언트에게 CSI를 제공해주게 된다. 인터넷을 기반으로 하는 E-commerce가 급속히 발전함에 따라 많은 클라이언트들이 OCSP Responder에게 CSI요청을 하게 되었으며 OCSP Responder에 대한 로드가 증가하게 되고 과부하 상태에 이르게 될 수 있다. 따라서 이를 해결하기 위하여 D-OCSP가 도입되었으며 CA에 의해 발행되는 CRL은 각 OCSP Responder로 배포되어야 한다. CRL은 폐지된 인증서에 대한 많은 정보를 포함하고 있어 배포 시에 정보 유출의 가능성이 있으므로 무결성뿐만 아니라 기밀성도 유지되어야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 CRL을 무결성과 기밀성을 유지하면서 각 OCSP Responder에게 배포할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 이 방법은 각 OCSP Responder들이 동시에 CSI서비스를 제공할 수 있도록 해준다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.437-440
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• 2013

The cerebrospinal fluid tap test (CSFTT) is recommended as a key step in the diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). While there is no generally accepted evaluation period for ascertaining a CSFTT responder, a substantial number of patients are evaluated only once within 24 hours of the test for improvement in gait. We report an iNPH patient with a favorable response to shunt surgery, who was first judged a non-responder by this standard, though subsequently was judged a responder in virtue of repetitively testing gait over 7 days. A 68-year-old man presented with progressive impairment of gait, balance, and memory. He was diagnosed as iNPH with an Evans' ratio of 0.35. At first hospitalization, change in gait was evaluated 24 hours after the CSFTT. He didn't show any significant improvement and was judged as a non-responder. However, at the second CSFTT, we repetitively tested his change in gait over seven days. Forty-eight hours after the tap, he showed significant improvement in his gait. He was then confirmed as a responder. After the operation, the gait difficulties were almost fully resolved. Further studies developing the standard procedure of the CSFTT should be considered.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2016

디지털 증거를 다루는 범죄 사건 수사가 증가함에 따라 초동조치를 할 수 있는 인력과 개선된 수사절차 모델의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 최근 들어 디지털 포렌식 분류(triage)와 예비분석 등의 개념이 수사 연구기관에 각광을 받고 있다. 하지만 초동조치 대응인력 및 예비분석관들이 구체적으로 어떤 훈련을 받아야 하는지에 대한 연구는 그다지 주목받지 못했다. 오히려 많은 조직에서 초동조치 대응인력이 전문적인 디지털 포렌식 분석관과 같은 실력을 갖추어야 한다고 여기고 있다. 본 연구에서는 '이상적인' 상황에서 디지털 수사의 초동조치 대응인력과 예비분석관들이 어떤 능력을 갖추어야 하며, 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 측면에서의 필요사항과, 어쩌면 가장 중요하다 할 수 있는 교육훈련 조건에 대해 논하고자 한다.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제34집
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• pp.1-26
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• 2020

九天應元雷聲普化天尊在臺灣道教中, 被奉為雷部至上之神 ; 在韓國大巡真理會中, 卻是其宗教信仰的至上神。而九天應元雷聲普化天尊也因為在兩個宗教中具有相同名稱, 不禁讓人想知道, 在不同宗教卻出現相同名稱的神祇, 兩者之間是否指的是同一位神?亦或是兩者之間是否具有一定的關聯性?九天應元雷聲普化天尊在兩個宗教中, 所負含的意義為何?諸如此類的相關問題, 有必要先進行基礎性的釐清。而宗教經典即是釐清基礎性問題的基石。宗教經典對於具有該宗教情愫的人而言, 通常具有一定的神聖性, 權威性與教化性, 這些宗教經典的特性, 經常可由經典中人物的話語或經文字句中看出端倪, 因此, 本文亦試圖從兩宗教的經典中開始著手研究。本文從韓國大巡真理會與道教正一派的兩部關於「九天應元雷聲普化天尊」之經典 《典經》 與 《玉樞寶經》 著手, 探究兩部經典中, 解析 關於九天應元雷聲普化天尊, 在兩部經典中的神聖形象, 權威形象與教化形象, 並對九天應元雷聲普化天尊在兩部經典中的形象進行比較, 試圖探究兩者異同性。本文基於釐清「九天應元雷聲普化天尊在兩宗教中的異同」的終極目標下, 於本文中先進行第一步的經典分析探究。本文內容大致分為四大部分, 第一部分為, 探究兩部經典的內涵, 包含經典的由來, 內涵與價值。第二部分為, 兩部經典中九天應元雷聲普化天尊之三種經典形象, 包含神聖形象, 權為形象與教化形象。第三部分為, 兩部經典中九天應元雷聲普化天尊之三種經典形象比較。最後, 以兩教間的發展演化, 歷史關係, 為兩部經典中的九天應元雷聲普化天尊之存在價值做些許論述。

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2008

Purpose: The first responder's role during a cardiac arrest scene is to initiate CPR. The AHA has recognized and included the first responder's role for improving the survival rate of cardiac arrest patients. Health personnel working in nursing, emergency care, dental hygiene, radiology, and ocular optics frequently confront sudden cardiac arrest while working. This study was to identify the relationship between the educational experience and recognition with the level of knowledge about CPR for college students. Method: Five hundred forty college students enrolled in the department of nursing science, radiological technology, ocular optics, emergency medical technician, or dental hygiene in Daejeon city were surveyed. The tool used was CPR knowledge developed by the authors based on a literature review including 2005 AHA's CPR guideline. Result: The higher educational experience of CPR was, the higher the level of knowledge. The knowledge of the students in nursing or emergency medical technician was higher than students in dental hygiene, radiology, and ocular optics. Conclusion: CPR class should be included in the curriculum for college students in order to improve their accuracy as a first responder to cardiac arresting patients.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2017

Background: As herpes zoster progresses via postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) to well-established PHN, it presents its recalcitrant nature to the treatment. At this point, the well-established PHN is fixed as a non-treatable, but manageable chronic painful neuropathic disorder. This study evaluated the incidence of complete relief from PHN according to PHN duration at their first visit, and the other factors influencing it. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients with PHN at a university-based pain clinic over 7 years. The responders were defined as patients who had complete relief from pain after 1 year of active treatment. Age, sex, PHN duration at their first visit, dermatomal distribution, and underlying disorders were compared in the responder and non-responder groups. Responders were also compared according to these factors. Results: Among 117 PHN patients (M/F = 48/69), 35 patients (29.9%) had complete relief from PHN. Mean ages were $64.3{\pm}10.6$ and $66.9{\pm}10.7$ years, numbers of male to female patients were 11/24 and 37/45, and mean durations of PHN at their first visit were $8.5{\pm}6.3$ and $15.3{\pm}10.7$ months in the responder and non- responder groups, respectively. In addition, PHN patients who visited the clinic before 9 months showed a better result. Dermatomal distribution and underlying disorders did not show significant differences. Conclusions: Almost 30% of PHN patients received complete relief. Those who sought treatment in a pain clinic before 9 months received a better result.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2023

The registration rate of eco-friendly vehicles, such as hydrogen vehicles, is increasing rapidly, however, few first responders have experienced related accidents. Accident scenarios at hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen vehicles on a road were investigated, and the relative importance of each scenario was analyzed using AHP analysis. Leakage, jet flame, and explosion that occurred inside and outside the hydrogen refueling station were reviewed, and the hydrogen gas explosion in the compartment showed the highest importance value. In case of the hydrogen vehicle, traffic accident statistics and actual accidents were used. It was analyzed that the hydrogen vessel explosion on the road due to the failure of TPRD and the leakage in the underground parking area were difficult to respond. The developed accident scenarios are expected to be used for first responder training.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.41-56
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• 2010

Purpose: To compare and analyze current state of domestic and foreign educational program to develop a program and provide basic information for qualitative improvement of the program. Method: Referred to records and used various methods as searching on the Internet. Analyzing methods and standards are as follow : 1) As for the current status of domestic educational program, find out about organizations that conduct the program 2) As for the current status of foreign program, find out about United States, Canada and United Kingdom. 3) As for comparison and analysis, find out about curriculum, subject, the number of people, content, cost and time. Results: In comparison and analysis of subjects and program, United States, Canada and U. K. specified the subjects according to occupations to offer various programs appropriate for special occupational situations whereas domestic program only provide education of CPR and usage of AED. Foreign countries provide sufficient time from 5.5 to 40 hours according to occupations. In contrast, Korea only provide 2-4 hours of educations, which is insufficient to master techniques of first aid. In addition, foreign countries precisely regulate organizations that fulfill the qualification and specific guidelines for content of education. However, Korea doesn't have any standards of qualification or guidelines. Discussion: It is necessary to specify first aid education according to occupations to provide diverse programs. Furthermore, it is necessary to establish nationwide regulations for subjects and content of the programs of the first responder.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: Radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) is an important treatment modality of Graves' disease (GD), but there is still not a consensus on the optimal dosage regimen. We studied the treatment success rate of different RAI doses, and examined which clinical markers were useful for determining the optimal RAI dosage for successful therapy in Korean patients. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively studied 123 patients with GD treated with RAI between 2004 and 2014 at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital. The responder group was defined as patients who developed hypothyroidism requiring levothyroxine replacement following RAI, regardless of the RAI dosage. Results: A total of 54 patients (43.9%) became hypothyroid after the first dose, and 31 needed two to four additional doses to achieve hypothyroidism. In the responder group as a whole (85 patients), the mean total dose of RAI was $15.5{\pm}7.0mCi$ and the mean thyroid volume (TV) was $35.4{\pm}23.4mL$. When divided into low dose (<15 mCi, n=46) and high dose (${\geq}15mCi$, n=39) responder groups, TV was significantly lower in the low-dose responder group ($25.7{\pm}11.4$ vs. $48.4{\pm}31.3$, p<0.001). The optimal cut-off TV for the low-dose responder group was <32.37 mL (sensitivity 80.9%, specificity 76.7%). Conclusion: TV had significant effects on the outcome of RAI in GD patients. The optimal fixed RAI dose for Korean GD patients with a large goiter (${\geq}33mL$) should be at least 15 mCi to achieve the best outcome.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2012

Purpose: This is the descriptive research for providing the basic data necessary for the first aid education after understanding the first aid experience, first aid education, first aid knowledge, and educational needs of ski resorts workers. Methods: 323 workers of domestic 9 ski resorts were surveyed for data, which was collected using the systematic questionnaire from Oct. $6^{th}$ to $20^{th}$, 2011. The collected data has been processed using the program of SPSS Win. Version 14.0 and analyzed that according to the purpose of research in terms of real number, percentage, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA. Results: 1. 58.8%(190) of ski resort workers experienced an emergency on duty and 33.6%(108) carried out the first aid for emergency patients on duty. 2. 65.6%(210) of workers experienced first aid education. 3. The percentage of correct answers of first aid knowledge was average 46.8% and average $9.35{\pm}2.54$ points out of total 20 points. 4. The first aid educational necessity indicated as follows: ski resort workers need first aid education (97.5%, 306); workers want to have the education if they have chance (94.6%, 296 persons); in addition, they need the repeated education of first aid (95.6%, 301). Conclusion: It is understood that as special first aid service can be delayed in ski resorts due to their geographical characteristics, the workers of ski resorts need the continuous and systematic first aid education enabling them to play the first responder in the first aid system when emergency situation occurs.