• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2019

The characteristic of fire and explosion related to electrostatic discharge is that it is difficult to reproduce the electrostatic charge and discharge phenomenon in addition to the large human and material damage. Therefore, in order to prevent accidents and disasters related to electrostatic in fire and explosion hazard areas, it is important to manage the level of electrostatic in a safe manner from the perspective of system between industrial facilities and human bodies. Rule 325 of the Occupational Safety and Health Regulations, "Prevention of Fire / Explosion due to Electrostatic", requires the use of grounding, conductive materials, humidification and electrification in order to prevent the risk of disaster caused by static explosion and electrostatic in the production process. In order to comply with these measures, related technologies, standards and systems are needed from the viewpoint of preventive measures related to electrostatic in fire and explosion hazard areas, but in Korea, it is still insufficient. Therefore, technical, institutional and managerial measures are needed as a precautionary measure to improve the level of ESD safety in fire and explosion hazard areas and prevent electrostatic related injury. In Korea, we analyzed the current status and characteristics of electrostatic related disaster by using the statistics of industrial accident and fire statistics of the Ministry of Employment and Labor. We also analyzed the current status and characteristics of electrostatic related disasters in Japan using JNIOSH accidents and disasters investigation cases and JNIOSH fire accident data of Japan Fire Bureau. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the current status of electrostatic related accidents and disasters in Korea and Japan in order to improve the safety management of electrostatic in fire and explosion hazard areas. In order to prevent accidents and disasters in the industrial field, The technical, institutional, and managerial measures to manage the level of electrostatic in a safe state were derived from the system point of view.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2011

야간의 주택화재는 피난개시의 지연으로 인명피해 위험이 높아지게 된다. 따라서 주택용화재경보기를 설치하여 조기에 화재경보를 해주어 피난개시시간을 단축시킬 때의 피난안전을 해석하였다. 주택을 연구의 대상 건물로 하여 CFAST를 사용해서 화재특성과 화재경보기 작동시간을 분석하였고, 이를 building EXODUS의 위험인자로 사용하여 4인 가족에 대한 피난시뮬레이션을 하였다. 피난개시시간을 다르게 하였을 때 170초에 피난을 개시한 경우 최초 사망자가 발생하였으나 주택용화재경보기작동시간 37.1초를 피난개시시간으로 한 경우는 안전한 피난이 되었다. 해석결과 주택용화재경보기를 설치할 경우 주택화재로부터 인명과 재산피해를 줄이는데 효과가 있다고 판단하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2014

Cooling equipment is the frequent occurrence of fire despite the absence of the heating element. National fire statistics in 2013 show that a total of 263 fires occurred in the cooling equipment and the number of electric fan has 145 fire cases. This is accounted for 55.1% of the whole. Electric fan is the electrical appliance that the heat is generated on the winding wire and the iron core. If such characteristic is not controled properly, fire would break out at the electric fan. also there is a gap filled with an insulator between connection terminals of the capacitor in the electric fan. But in case that the gap on the capacitor is covered with some conductive material such as dust, there would be a fire as well caused by electrical heating locally. Although many studies related with those have been conducted, electric fan fire is continuously occurred. In this study, thermal characteristics and current signal in various conditions such as the heat generation of windings including iron cores of the motor and the dielectric breakdown of terminals on the capacitor connected to the motor were detected. In order to measure the maximum temperature, "third level" wind velocity button was pushed and the time selection switch to "continuation" was set. Analyzed data would be available for the fire safety of the electric fan.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.353-362
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• 2022

Bridge fire hazard has become a growing concern over the last decade due to the rapid increase of ground transportation of hazardous materials and resulting fire incidents. The lack of fire safety provisions in steel bridges can be a significant issue owing steel thermal properties that lead to fast degradation of steel properties at elevated temperatures. Alternatively, the development of composite action between steel girders and concrete decks can increase the fire resistance of steel bridges and meet fire safety requirements in some applications. This paper reviews the fire problem in steel bridges and the fire behavior of composite steel-concrete bridge girders. A numerical model is developed to trace the fire response of a typical bridge girder and is validated using measurements from fire tests. The selected bridge girder is composed by a hot rolled steel section strengthened with bearing stiffeners at midspan and supports. A concrete slab sitting on the top of the girder is connected to the slab through shear studs to provide full composite action. The validated numerical model was used to investigate the fire resistance of real scale bridge girders and the effect of the composite action under different scenarios (standard and hydrocarbon fires). Results showed that composite action can significantly increase the fire resistance of steel bridge girders. Besides, fire severity played an important role in the fire behavior of composite girders and both factors should be taken into consideration in the design of steel bridges for fire safety.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2018

Fire fighters are exposed to the risk of many accidents during fire suppression, especially near the high voltage circuit. In order to prevent and analyze the electric shock accidents, measurement of water resistance is crucial. However, this has been one of the overlooked research areas and it has been very difficult to measure the mixed up resistance components separately. In this paper, we measured a total resistance of apparatus and regarded it as a serial resistance of contact resistance and length dependant resistance. Measuring the resistance by varying the length of water stream, the variable resistance and fixed contact resistance appear, which are used to calculate the both components of resistances. In addition, the resistance of fire hose can be calculated from the parallel circuit which is formed by grounding the fire hose with the resistance of water stream. Results show that we can successfully measure the resistance per unit length of water stream and fire hose, thereby proving that this method is a facile way to measure water and fire hose resistance. However, many experiments are still required to obtain the precise contact resistance of ground under various condition and the resistance between the human body and fire hose.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.96-109
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 지하공간 안전체계 확립을 위하여 위험상황별 5 가지 안전관리요소(시설 구조, 피난, 인명구조 소화활동, 성능기반의 화재 안전계획 운영 관리)를 분류해 보았다. 분류된 안전관리 요소로 화재위험성 평가를 수행하기 위하여 평가항목을 분류하고, 평가항목에 대한 점수를 계산하여 최종적으로 화재위험성 평가방안을 제시하였다. 평가항목에 대한 배점은 중요도에 따라 3 단계로 분류하여 단계별로 차등 부여하였고, 평가항목별 점수 평가기준은 소분류의 평가항목 점검결과를 통해 4단계로 구분하여 평가할 수 있게 하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2016

In this study, tank truck incidents of road transport of hazardous materials to experimental investigated the potential fire hazard. Real scale fire was to perform experiments for on this qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis. Particularly affected by radiant heat from the flames caused and damage estimates range investigated accordingly. Flame temperature, internal temperature of tank and emitted radiation from the flames was investigated. The flame of light oil spill caused a fire at a temperature of about $300^{\circ}C$ high in comparison with the methanol by combustion of diesel and methanol, according to the difference, the flame duration changes varies depending on the Burning rate. Depending on spill rate(30, 60, 90 and $120{\ell}/min$) and the longer the duration of the flame important factors for the internal temperature of tank lorry rise was found. Road accident in a fire caused by leakage of hazardous was could the higher the damaged. Therefor, Fire suppression activities should be required in particular to be around.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.417-427
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• 2016

It is provided that the seaman should be educated and trained by basic fire-fighting to save the life and protect asset at sea by the STCW(The International Convention on Standard for Training, Certification and Watchkeeping). The designated seaman's safety educational institution which is specified in the nation has held a basic and advanced fire-fighting education for the seaman. The interest of safety at sea has been increasing due to recent huge maritime disaster and there is a tendency to strengthen the safety education for the seaman in the nation. For the effective fire-fighting education for the seaman, the appropriate educational content and facilities are required. Moreover, It is necessary to apply an effective education and training methods for achieving the goal. Unfortunately, this paper has not perfectly been conducted to improve effective safety training in the designated educational institutions which held the seaman's maritime safety educations. From now on, we should consider the effective educational ways for the seaman. The purpose of this paper is to develop the education and training model of STCW seaman's fire-fighting education through the reviewing the status of safety education in the nation.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.22-33
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• 2023

The number of fire and explosion accidents caused by pyrolysis oil and gas at waste plastic pyrolysis plants is increasing, but accident status and safety conditions have not been clearly identified. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the risks of the waste plastic pyrolysis process and suggest appropriate safety management measures. We collected information on 19 cases of fire and explosion accidents that occurred between 2010 and 2021 at 26 waste plastic pyrolysis plants using the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) database and media reports. The mechanical, managerial, personnel-related, and environmental problems within a plant and problems related to government agencies and the design, manufacturing, and installation companies involved with pyrolysis equipment were analyzed using the 4Ms of Machines, Management, Man, and Media, as well as the System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) methodology for seven accident cases with accident investigation reports. Study findings indicate the need for establishing legal and institutional support measures for waste plastic pyrolysis plants in order to prevent fire and explosion accidents in the pyrolysis process. In addition, ensuring safety from the design and manufacturing stages of facilities is essential, as are measures that ensure systematic operations after the installation of safety devices.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2012

Fire is one of the greatest threats to historical buildings not only to the building's occupants but also to the building's structure and contents. The purpose of this research is to evaluate fire risk in historical buildings in Korea through a series of survey and review. In this research, a multicriteria decision-making approach involving Analytical Hierarchy Process has been designed to determine a weighted index to identify factors and quantify fire risk. Fire risk ranking systems of historical building has been developed in some applications, for example, BOCA, WISCONSIN, FSES and HFRI. According to the such derived fire risk indexing, the Human Activity index showed the highest risk, followed by Historic Buildings, Fire Safety Systems, and then Natural Environmental Causes. Comparison of these factors indicates that the derived risk values differ from case to case. It is proposed that a performance-based design approach should consider the building & occupant characteristics, locations and historical significance, resulting in a more accurate and effective evaluation of fire risk.