• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.567-582
• /
• 2022

In the present study, a series of physical experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of mode I and mixed-mode I/II cracks on the fracture modes and stability of roadway tunnel models. The experiments and simulations incorporated different inclination angle flaws under both static and dynamic loads. The quasi-static and dynamic testing were conducted by using an electro-hydraulic servo control device and drop weight impact system (DWIS), and the failure process was simulated by using rock failure process analysis (RFPA) and AUTODYN software. The stress intensity factor was also calculated to evaluate the stability of the flawed roadway tunnel models by using ABAQUS software. According to comparisons between the test and numerical results, it is observed that for flawed roadways with a single radical crack and inclination angle of 45°, the static and dynamic stability are the lowest relative to other angles of fractured rock masses. For mixed-mode I/II cracks in flawed roadway tunnel models under dynamic loading, a wing crack is produced and the pre-existing cracks increase the stress concentration factor in the right part of the specimen, but this factor will not be larger than the maximum principal stress region in the roadway tunnel models. Additionally, damage to the sidewalls will be involved in the flawed roadway tunnel models under static loads.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.30 no.7
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2014

Tunneling-induced displacement in a jointed rock mass is an important factor to control tunnel stability and to secure a demanded space and construction quality. The magnitude of the inducible displacements is significantly affected by an elastic modulus and therefore, in a rock mass where a joint controls tunnel behavior, it is very important to estimate an elastic modulus of jointed rock mass reliably. Elastic modulus of jointed rock mass is affected by many factors such as rock type, joint condition, and loading condition. Nevertheless, most existing studies were focused on rough empirical relationships based on compressive loading conditions, which are different from tunnel excavation loading conditions, without a systematic approach of rock, joint, and loading conditions together. Therefore, this study considered rock and joint conditions systematically to estimate an elastic modulus of jointed rock mass under tunnel excavation loading. The controlled factors considered in this study are rock types and joint conditions (joint shear strength, joint inclination angle, number of joint sets, and joint spacing). Numerical parametric studies have been carried out with a consideration of different rock and joint conditions; the results have been compared with existing empirical relationships; and charts of elastic modulus change of different rock and joint conditions have been provided. The results are expected to have a great practical use for estimating the convergence induced by tunnel excavation in jointed rockmass.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.93-106
• /
• 2021

In general, segment lining tunnel refers to a tunnel formed by connecting precast concrete segments as a ring and connecting such rings to each other in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. As the structural properties of the segment lining is highly dependent on the behavior of the segment joints, thus correct modelling of joint behavior is crucial to understand and design the segment tunnel lining. When the tunnel is subjected to ground loads, the segment joint behaves like a hinge that resists rotation, and when the induced moment exceeds a certain limit of the rotation then it may enter into non-linear field. In understanding the effect of the segment joint on the lining behavior, a moment-rotation relationship of the segment joint was explored based on the Japanese practice and Janssen's approach commonly used in the actual design. This study also presents a method to determine the rotational stiffness of joint refer to the bearing strength. The rotation of the segment joint was estimated in virtual design conditions based on the existing models and the proposed method. And the sectional force of the segment lining and joint were calculated along with the estimated rotation. As the rotation at the segment joint increases, the joint contact area decreases, so the designer have to verify the segment joint for bearing strength as well. This paper suggests a consistent method to determine the rotational stiffness and bearing strength of joints.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.861-874
• /
• 2019

A great interest in the seismic performance evaluation of small size tunnel structures such as utility tunnel has been taken since recent earthquakes at Pohang and Gyeongju in Korea. In this study, the three-dimensional dynamic analyses of vertical shaft and horizontal tunnel under seismic load were carried out using FLAC3D. Especially, parametric analyses was performed to investigate the effects of interfacial stiffness on interfacial behavior between soil and structure. The parametric analysis showed that the interfacial stiffness scarcely gave an effect on the global dynamic behavior of the structure, while had a significant effect on the local displacement behavior of the connections. The magnitude of the interfacial stiffness was inversely proportional to the displacement, while the magnitude of interface stiffness was proportional to the normal and shear stresses. The results of this study suggest the limitations of the existing empirical equations for interfacial stiffness and emphasize the need to develop new interfacial stiffness models.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.38-45
• /
• 2019

In this paper, the stability of the tunnel boring machine (TBM), used in tunnel excavation, according to the thrust force of the thrust jack was investigated. The existing hydraulic cylinder analysis method is fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis, where all of the flow setting and dynamic characteristics should be considered. Therefore, there is a need for a method to solve this problem simply and quickly. To facilitate this, the theoretical pressure in the hydraulic cylinder was calculated and compared with the analytical and experimental results. In the case of the analysis, the pressure generated inside the cylinder was analyzed statically, considering the operating characteristics of the shield TBM, and the stress and pressure were calculated. This method simplifies the analysis environment and shortens the analysis time compared to the existing analysis method. The obtained theoretical and analytical data were compared with the measured data during actual tunneling, and the analysis and experimental data showed a relative error of approximately 23.89%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
• /
• 2000.09a
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2000

It is very important to control the final load that acts on a support system, in tunnel engineering. A reliable analysis is needed to carry out technically reasonable design and safe construction. Also, a series of procedures of construction and the rock-support interaction behavior must be considered. Most existing studies have been performed as the limited analysis based on the simplified assumption. In this study, through the analysis of a circular tunnel using a 2-D finite differential code, the rook-support interaction behaviors in the variation of rock and stress conditions are analyzed and compared with the results from the closed form solutions. Consequently, more realistic rock-support interaction curves are obtained by including the effects of initial stresses and rock condition. These cures are very useful to predict the required support pressure in the initial design stage.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.101-113
• /
• 2003

Nowadays, the construction of new ground structures, which can influence the stability of existing underground structures, is increasing. Consequently, many technical problems occur during the design and construction stage of the new structures. In constructing a neighboring structure, reasonable design and construction is strongly required to balance between the stability of the existing underground structures and the economy of construction of the new structure in terms of the importance of the existing underground structures. Many researches have been performed to estimate the safe region and behavior of underground structures. Constructing a new ground structure above the existing underground structure, external loads are to be applied to the existing underground structure. In this study, therefore, the stability and safe region of the existing underground structure was re-established with respect to the relative location of the new ground structure with the underground structure, the depth from surface to top of the underground structures, and ground conditions.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.96-106
• /
• 1998

Rock contains discontinuities at all scales. These discontinuities make rock behave in a complex way. This paper discusses a new approach to underground design based on the theory of rock fracture mechanics. The mechanism of deformation and failure of coal was studied by observing the distributions of length, orientation and spacing of the pre-existing as well as stress-induced cracks. Different types of crack information. The crack information is dependent on the scale used. The cracks propagate along the intersections of the pre-existing cracks, and both extensile and shear crack growth occur depending on the direction of the load relative to the bedding planes. An analytical model that takes into account both shear and extensile crack growth was developed to predict the nonlinear stress-strain behavior of coal including strain-hardening and strain-softening.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.29 no.12
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2013

In recent years, tunnel construction is being increased in order to resolve traffic congestion around urban area, however there are a lot of difficulties due to restrictions such as interference with existing alignment, adjacent structures and cost increase of land acquisition as well as public complaints for negative environmental impacts near the expected tunnel construction site. Therefore, applications of close parallel tunnel have been increasing greatly. But close parallel tunnels cannot guarantee the stability compared with normal parallel tunnel which has enough distance between tunnels. So various methods to strengthen the pillar have been introduced recently, however there is few methods which consider the pillar behaviour in the state of compression. In this paper, the reinforcement methods which reflect the behavior of pillar were reviewed with comparision and analysis by numerical method.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.355-373
• /
• 2017

Tunnelling in urban areas, it is essential to understand existing structure-tunnel interactive behavior. Serviced structures in the city are supported by pile foundation, since they are certainly effected due to tunnelling. In this research, thus, pile load distribution and ground behavior due to tunnelling below grouped pile were investigated using laboratory model test. Grouped pile foundations were considered as 2, 3 row pile and offsets (between pile tip and tunnel crown: 0.5D, 1.0D and 1.5D for generalization to tunnel diameter, D means tunnel diameter). Soil in the tank for laboratory model test was formed by loose sand (relative density: Dr = 30%) and strain gauges were attached to the pile inner shaft to estimate distribution of axial force. Also, settlements of grouped pile and adjacent ground surface depending on the offsets were measured by LVDT and dial gauge, respectively. Tunnelling-induced deformation of underground was measured by close range photogrammetric technique. Numerical analysis was conducted to analyze and compare with results from laboratory model test and close range photogrammetry. For expression of tunnel excavation, the concept of volume loss was applied in this study, it was 1.5%. As a result from this study, far offset, the smaller reduction of pile axial load and was appeared trend of settlement was similar among them. Particulary, ratio of pile load and settlement reduction were larger when the offset is from 0.5D to 1.0D than from 1.0D to 1.5D.