• Strategy21
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• 통권40호
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• pp.5-36
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• 2016

Recently, the Japanese government revised the three guidelines of its security policy, the National Security Strategy(NSS), the National Defense Program Outline and Midterm Defense Buildup Plan, exceptionally at one time. This means Japan has been seeking the new strategy and strengthening military power considering changing regional security environment. Moreover, Japan revised the security laws for the right to collective self-defense, which authorized the use of force even when Japan is not under attack. Also, Japan renewed the Guidelines for Japan-U.S. Defense Cooperation in twenty years, and has expanded JSDF's scope of activity to a worldwide level. These changes imply Japan would constantly seek to build military forces focusing on naval forces. Because Japan's naval forces, the JMSDF is the means that allow Japan to use its force at anywhere overseas and expand its roles and missions in international society by the basis of the right to collective self-defense. This research will analyze Japan's new maritime strategy and trend of force development and eventually look for the implication on our maritime security These days, Japan has perceived Chinese rapid increase of naval power and pursuing of maritime hegemony as a grave threat. In response to this, Japan is designing new maritime strategy, which are "remote islands defense and recapture" and proactively develop a new type of naval forces to accomplish this new strategy. The Japan's "remote island defense and recapture strategy" is to harden its defensive posture in Nansei islands which correspond to China's 1st island chain for chinese A2/AD strategy and directly encounter with China and to protect its own dominium and maritime interest while supporting US national strategy in East Asia. Japan continues to build compact, multi-functional ship to accomplish "remote island defense and recapture strategy" and keep strengthening its maritime power projection capability to include build of new amphibious ship, and large, multi-functional ship which can provide effective C2. These changes imply that Japan is shifting its strategy from passive and defensive to proactive and aggressive way and continues to pursue naval buildup.The implication of Japan's new maritime strategy and naval buildup needs to be observed carefully and we need to keep developing naval power required to protect our maritime sovereignty and interest.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.317-321
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• 2023

After 'emphasizing the development of the precision reconnaissance drone' in 2021, North Korea unveiled two strategic drones in July 2023, just two years later. Despite the majority of experts offering negative assessments and stating that "the performance may not be good," North Korea can be seen as having not only enhanced its routine surveillance capabilities through strategic drones but also possessing limited long-range strike capabilities. In other words, although the performance of North Korea's strategic unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), namely the 'Satbyol-4' and '9' models, may not match that of U.S. drones, they appear to play a significant role in offsetting North Korea's considerable aerial and surveillance inferiority compared to the joint forces of South Korea and the United States. Based on these trends, North Korea seems to be concentrating on drone development to counterbalance its considerable aerial power and surveillance capabilities deficit compared to the joint forces of South Korea and the United States, especially as the global use of drones continues to increase.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2020

In Korea, confectionery refers to biscuits, snacks, chocolate, candy and gum. The first sweet in Korea is the Yumilkwa (oil-and-honey pastry) in the Goryeo Dynasty which was mentioned in history book, and is seen to be popular in medieval Korea. Korea's confectionery industry began in 1945 with the aid of the U.S. forces, Haitai Confectionery company produced sweets. The first confectionery product is 'Yeon yang gang'. In the 1970s and 1980s, the confectionery industry developed along with economic growth in Korea, and many of the products released at this time are still loved. Now the domestic market is saturated, sales of domestic confectionery companies are decreasing due to low-priced offers made by importers. It is necessary to develop products with high quality and brand power that can lead the market, and I think it is necessary to target the undeveloped market like the Halal market.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2002

The object of this study is to suggest the direction of building the defence logistics system of Korea Armed Forces in the future. For the purpose of this, we surveyed the best practices among the enterprises and U.S. Defence which reformed successfully the physical distribution and logistic in recent year. Also, we analyzed our current logistics system and suggested the vision, operational concept, and the way of building this system. This system is expected to reduce the total logistics cost, speed up the logistics velocity and increase the efficiency of the combat support.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.246-262
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to identify the major peacekeeping activities that the Korean armed forces has performed from the past to the present. To do this, we collected 692 press releases from the National Defense Daily over the past 20 years and performed topic modeling and social network analysis. As a result of topic modeling analysis, 112 major keywords and 8 topics were derived, and as a result of examining the Korean armed forces's peacekeeping activities based on the topics, 6 major activities and 2 related matters were identified. The six major activities were 'Northeast Asian defense cooperation', 'multinational force activities', 'civil operations', 'defense diplomacy', 'ceasefire monitoring group', and 'pro-Korean activities', and 'general troop deployment' related to troop deployment in general. Next, social network analysis was performed to examine the relationship between keywords and major keywords related to topic decision, and the keywords 'overseas', 'dispatch', and 'high level' were derived as key words in the network. This study is meaningful in that it first examined the topic of the Korean armed forces's peacekeeping activities over the past 20 years by applying big data techniques based on the National Defense Daily, an unstructured document. In addition, it is expected that the derived topics can be used as a basis for exploring the direction of development of Korea's peacekeeping activities in the future.

• Strategy21
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• 통권32호
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• pp.192-221
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• 2013

In order to deal with the current economic crisis, the U.S. government, as a part of its austerity fiscal policy, implemented a budget sequester. The sequester will hit the U.S. defense budget the hardest, and as a result will most likely put the security of the international community in jeopardy. The U.S. will have to cut 46 billion dollars from its original 525 billon defense spending in 2013. And by the year 2022, will have to cut 486.9 billion dollars. Such an astronomical decrease in the U.S. defense spending will inevitably burden the friendly nations. According to recent studies, pirate related incidents in Somalia, where piracy is most active, has declined from its 226 incidents to 76 incidents per year in 2012, a 66% drop from previous years'. However, piracy threats as well as those related to firearms still remain and thus participants of anti-piracy operations, namely the U.S., U.K., France, Canada, NCC, EUNAVFOR, and NATO, are facing a problem of declining forces. Considering the current situation as well as rising expectations from the international community, Republic of Korea, a supporter of NCC's maritime security operation, not to mention its foremost duty of securing its sea, is at a stage to re-examine its operational picture. Such action will be a good opportunity for Republic of Korea to build the trust and live up to the international community's expectation. To quote from the network theory, although in relation to other friendly nations participating in the anti-piracy operation, Republic of Korea currently remains at a single cell level, this opportunity will certainly develop Korea to a 'node' nation in which power and information would flow into. Through this expansion of operational capability, Republic of Korea will be able to exert more influence as a more developed nation. Currently however, not only is the single 4,500 ton class destroyer deployed in Somalia a limited unit to further expand the scale and amount of force projection in the area, but also the total of six 4,500 ton class destroyers ROK feet possess is at a high fatigue degree due to standard patrolling operations, midshipman cruise and the RIMPAC exercise. ROK fleet therefore must consider expanding the number of ships deployed along with either deploying combat support ships or constructing logistics support site in the African region. Thus, by expanding its operational capabilities and furthermore by abiding to the rightful responsibilities of a middle power nation, Republic of Korea will surely earn its respect among the members of the international community.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.75-92
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• 2007

세계적으로 각 국가들은 군 현대화를 위해 재정자원의 배분, 연구개발 방향의 재설정, 군수산업의 재구조화, 군부대의 해체, 군사기지의 폐쇄 및 재개발, 잉여무기의 폐기 등 군사부문의 민수전환을 추진하고 있다. 한국 또한 반복되는 국방개혁을 통해 군 현대화를 추진하고 있다. 특히 한국은 장차 주한미군 이전사업, 국방개혁 2020 추진에 따른 부대 통 폐합으로 군사기지의 민수전환 소요가 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 군사기지 민수전환을 성공적으로 실현하기 위한 전략을 도출하기 위해 한국과 미국의 민수전환 사례를 분석하여 군사지기 민수전환을 수행하는 과정의 문제점과 한국에 대한 함의를 찾고자 하였다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권41호
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• pp.30-51
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• 2017

Neighboring powers in the Korean Peninsula have started to develop and operate aircraft carriers or equivalent forces to cope with rising North Korean nuclear and missile threats and also to show its national might. For example, the United States has added a aircraft carrier from the 3rd fleet to western pacific theater of operation, while Peoples Republic of China is undergoing operational test of Liaoning as well as preparing for christening of its 2nd aircraft carrier. Japan is flexing its muscle as well by deploying Izumo capable of operating F-35B to Southeast Asia to participate in multilateral exercises starting this year. It is a high time to know more about aircraft carriers or similar types in terms of maritime strategy and history. The U.S. has had by far the vast amount of experiences in utilizing aircraft carrier that it would be beneficial for us to examine U.S. perspectives and its application in the Korean Peninsula. It will provide us with insights to understand and predict what it would be like in times of crisis in the Korean Peninsula in the perspective of aircraft carrier's involvement. This paper intends to show some aspects of future conflicts in the Korean Peninsula and how the ROK Navy can best be ready for such situation. For research purpose, U.S. maritime strategy has been developed in stages ; establishment phase, WWI phase, WWII phase, Cold war phase, post Cold war phase. Each phase includes such factors as threats, strategic concept, applications, and ways to improve maritime strategy. Finally, the role of aircraft carrier based on past history as well as future conflict shines the importance to have power projection capabilities for the ROK Navy. The intrinsic nature of the navy in the world is to project power ashore just as history proved it.

• 해양안보
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.83-107
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• 2023

인도-태평양 국가인 대한민국에게 이 지역의 안정과 번영은 국가의 생존과 이익에 직결된다. 현재 인태지역은 미국과 중국의 전략적 경쟁으로 안보환경이 불안정하며, 초국가· 비전통적 위협도 상존하고 있어, 소자/다자 간 공동의 대응을 요구하고 있다. 이에 따라 미국, 일본, ASEAN 및 역외의 EU, NATO까지 자체 인태전략을 발표하며, 이 지역 현안에 개입하고자 노력 중이다. 한국도 2022년 12월 28일, 독자적인 인태전략을 공개하였는데, 이는 이전 신남방정책의 균형외교(전략적 모호성)를 벗어나, 광범위한 인태지역의 현안에 적극적으로 개입·기여하겠다는 의미로 받아들여진다. 이제 해군은 정부의 인태전략을 뒷받침하기 위해 준비해야 한다. 첫째, 역내 안보현안 관련 소자/다자 간 군사협력을 강화하고, 둘째, 이 협력의 메시지를 전파하기 위해 해군력 현시, 연합훈련 등 실제 전력을 운용하여 잠재적 위협에 대해 거부적 억제를 달성해야 한다. 셋째, 인태지역에 상존하는 초국가·비전통적 위협에 대응하는 한편, 선진국으로 발돋움한 한국의 해군으로서, 개발도상국의 해양력 증강을 지원하는 기여 외교도 실시해야 할 것이다. 이러한 역할을 수행함에 있어, 해군 고유의 작전특성(기동성, 융통성, 지속성, 현시성, 투사성)이 발휘될 것이며, 이를 구현하기 위해 해군 내·외부 작전환경(SWOT)을 분석하고, 발전방안을 제시하였다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권37호
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• pp.5-31
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• 2015

The Republic of Korean Navy (ROKN) started from scratch. However, ROKN demonstrated its Blue Navy capabilities successfully to the entire world by conducting "Operation Early Dawn" at the Aden Bay, Yemen in Jan 2011. On the event of the 70th anniversary of the ROKN, I would like to retrospect past gleaning from voyages and challenges we had in the past. At the very inception of the ROKN, Korean government as well as senior military leaders recognized that it had no time to spare to clean up military those were insinuated deeply by communist agents. It was the top priority of the government. The Mongumpo Operation which was not well known, conducted by ROKN was one of the clean-up drive. The Korean War sometimes called as "a fire from land put-off at the sea". The world famous "Incheon Landing" which reversed war situation from the Nakdong Perimeter also done by Sea Power. ROKN conducted various maritime operations including not only Incheon Landing, but amphibious operation at Hungnam, mine sweeping, sea convoy, Wonsan Withdrawal. On the same day of the Korean War started, 25th June 1950, unless the victory of the ROKNS Baekdusan (PC 701) at the Korean Strait, the waning lamp light of Korea could not be rekindled by the participation of the U.N. The ROKN rescued the 17th regiment of Korean Army from the isolation at the Ongjin Peninsular and transported gold and silver bars stored at the Bank of Korea to the Navy supply deposit in Jinhae safely. ROKN special intelligence unit conducted critical HUMINT which led Incheon Landing success. One of important mission ROKN conducted successfully was not only transporting war fighting materials but also U.S. provided grains to starving Koreans. ROKN participated Vietnam campaign from 1960s and conducted numerous maritime transportation operations supplying materials to Vietnam military forces along the long coastal lines. Experienced Naval Officers and enlisted men who discharged and acquired as merchant marine certificate supported most of the U.S. sea lift operations throughout the Vietnam campaign. ROK-US Combined Forces which had been honed and improved its war fighting capabilities through the Korean War and out of Vietnam jungle playing key deterrent against threat from north Korea. However, those threat level will be completely different when north Korea finish its nuclear weapon ambition. In order to stand firm against north Korean nuclear threat, I would like to expect strong political leadership supporting nuclear submarine for ROKN.