• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.7-41
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• 2018

The projects of citizen science which is originated from citizen data collecting action driven by governmental institutes and science associations have been implemented with different form of collaboration with scientists. The themes of citizen science has extended from the ecology to astronomy, distributed computing, and particle physics. Citizen science could contribute to the advancement of science through cost-effective science research based on citizen volunteer data collecting. In addition, citizen science enhance the public understanding of science by increasing knowledge of citizen participants. The community-led citizen science projects could raise public awareness of environmental problems and promote the participation in environmental problem-solving. Citizen science projects based on local tacit knowledge can be of benefit to the local environmental policy decision making and implementation of policy. These social values of citizen science make many countries develop promoting policies of citizen science. The korean government also has introduced some citizen science projects. However there are some obstacles, such as low participation of citizen and scientists in projects which the government has to overcome in order to promote citizen science. It is important that scientists could recognize values of citizen science through the successful government driven citizen science projects and the evaluation tool of scientific career could be modified in order to promote scientist's participation. The project management should be well planned to intensify citizen participation. The government should prepare open data policy which could support a data reliability of the community-led monitoring projects. It is also desirable that a citizen science network could be made with the purpose of sharing best practices of citizen science.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.60-74
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• 2016

There are increasing numbers of North Korean defectors. Many of them enter universities and major in social welfare in order to get jobs. As a required course, they must participate in field practicum and many difficulties are expected. This study aims to examine the North Korean defectors' practicum experience in specific, and to support more effectively in the field work education. To achieve this purpose, female North Korean defectors who go to G cyber university and have finished their field practicums, were interviewed in an in-depth interview. The data were analyzed with the open coding through the constant comparison method as Grounded theory's initial analysis. As the result, the following was found: 49 concepts, 18 sub-categories, and 7 categories. The categories include difficulties in the process of preparation for and beginning with various obstacles; confusion due to the differences between the North Korean and South Korean culture; tasks and functions that were not expected, personal relationships which were burdensome to them; feeling a lack of professional competence; inevitable environmental circumstances, and personal problems. Based on the results, suggestions for better support in field practice education in the side of universities, community agencies, individual students and the general society were addressed.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

This study was aimed to identify the diffusion of systemic disease-related knowledge among dental hygienists. Two hundreds and eleven dental hygienists were selected for the study. Data was collected between August 31, 2015 and September 20, 2015 by handing out questionnaires. Returned questionnaires were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA. Dental hygienists showed overall mean of 0.64 on the systemic disease related knowledge. Age, education level, career, and educational experience showed significant influence on the systemic disease knowledge (p<0.01). Dental hygienists revealed overall mean of 0.61 (full mark=1) on the usefulness recognition of systemic disease related knowledge. Age (p<0.001), education level (p<0.01), career (p<0.001), and educational experience (p<0.01) showed significant effects on the usefulness recognition of systemic disease knowledge. Degree of how dental hygienists apply the systemic disease-related knowledge to the service was mean 0.86 (full mark=2). Age (p<0.01), education level (p<0.01), career (p<0.01), and educational experience (p<0.001) had significant impacts on how dental hygienists apply the systemic disease related knowledge to the service. The diffusion of systemic disease knowledge among dental hygienists was 2.17, which represented 'persuade'. These results indicated that a study is needed to understand the diffusion of systemic disease knowledge among dental hygienists and to identify obstacles in the process. Moreover, an education program should be developed to offer practical training on the systemic disease-related knowledge. Further studies should evaluate the effectiveness of the program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 2003

This study presents the detailed methods for facilities mapping using GPS and Totalstation. From the control survey by GPS network adjustment, the level of significance fur the height value of fourth order triangulation stations used in this study was estimated about 10cm. According to the result of verification for the transformation coefficients of national coordinate, which were announced by the National Geographic Information Institute, RMSE f coordinate transformation was found out as $\pm$0.546m that can be applied to a map scale less than 1/10,000. The accuracy analysis of height determination by Totalstation for the traverse points spaced average 90m showed that RMSE came out $\pm$9mm on the basis of direct leveling, so it indicated that trigonometric leveling by Totalstation was correct comparatively. The result of accuracy analysis of GPS/RTK surveying on traverse points showed that RMSE came out $\pm$33mm in horizontal location on the basis of Totalstation's outcome and $\pm$15mm in height value on the basis of direct leveling. In the construction survey, GPS/RTK surveying is quicker and more economical than Totalstation surveying in the feasible areas of GPS surveying. but there were many impossible areas for GPS/RTK surveying by the obstacles like a building.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2006

The exploitation of metagenome, the access to the natural extant of enormous potential resources, is the way for elucidating the functions of organism in environmental communities, for genomic analyses of uncultured microorganism, and also for the recovery of entirely novel natural products from microbial communities. The major breakthrough in metagenomics is opened by the construction of libraries with total DNAs directly isolated from environmental samples and screening of these libraries by activity and sequence-based approaches. Screening with activity-based approach is presumed as a plausible route for finding new catabolic genes under designed conditions without any prior sequence information. The main limitation of these approaches, however, is the very low positive hits in a single round of screening because transcription, translation and appropriate folding are not always possible in E. coli, a typical surrogate host. Thus, to obtain information about these obstacles, we studied the genetic organization of individual URF's(unidentified open reading frame from metagenome sequenced and deposited in GenBank), especially on the expression factors such as codon usage, promoter region and ribosome binding site(rbs), based on DNA sequence analyses using bioinformatics tools. And then we also investigated the above-mentioned properties for 4100 ORFs(Open Reading Frames) of E. coli K-12 generally used as a host cell for the screening of noble genes from metagenome. Finally, we analyzed the differences between the properties of URFs of metagenome and ORFs of E. coli. Information derived from these comparative metagenomic analyses can provide some specific features or environmental blueprint available to screen a novel biocatalyst efficiently.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.475-483
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• 2019

The use of stem cells in cell-based therapy has attracted extensive interest in the field of regenerative medicine, and it has been applied to numerous incurable diseases due to the inherent abilities of self-renewal and differentiation. However, there still exist some severe obstacles, such as requirement of cell expansion before the treatment, and low survival at the treated site. To overcome these disadvantages of stem cells, we used the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM 6) gene, which functions to increase cell-cell interaction as well as anti-apoptosis. We first confirmed whether CEACAM 6 is expressed in various cell lines at the protein level (including in stem cells), followed by evaluating and selecting the optimal transfection conditions into stem cells. The CEACAM 6 gene was transfected into stem cells to prolong cell survival and preserve from damage by oxidative stress. After confirming the CEACAM 6 expression in transfected stem cells, the cell survival was assessed under oxidative condition by exposing to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to mimic the chronic environment-induced cellular damage. CEACAM 6 expressing stem cells show increased cell viability compared to the non-CEACAM 6 expressing cells. We propose that the application of the CEACAM 6 gene is a potential option, capable of expanding and enhancing the therapeutic effects of stem cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.824-835
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• 2019

In recent decades, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have extensively been investigated as a potential cancer drug. Oncolytic viruses have primarily the unique advantage in the fact that they can only infect and destroy cancer cells. Secondary, oncolytic viruses induce the activation of specific adaptive immunity which targets tumor-associated antigens that were hidden during the initial cancer progression. In 2015, one genetically modified oncolytic virus, talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), was approved by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of melanoma. Currently, various oncolytic viruses are being investigated in clinical trials as monotherapy or in combination with preexistent cancer therapies like immunotherapy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy relies on the balance between the induced anti-tumor immunity and the anti-viral response. Despite the revolutionary outcome, the development of oncolytic viruses for the treatment of cancer faces a number of obstacles such as delivery method, neutralizing antibodies and induction of antiviral immunity due to the complexity, variability and reactivity of tumors. Intratumoral administration has been successful reducing considerably solid tumors with no notable side effects unfortunately some tumors are not accessible (brain) and require a systemic administration of the oncolytic viruses. In order to overcome these hurdles, various strategies to enhance the efficacy of oncolytic viruses have been developed which include the insertion of transgenes or combination with immune-modulatory substances.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.36-51
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• 1997

Background : Clinical practice guidelines define "systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances" and help to improve patient care. The purpose of this study is to develop a clinical practice guideline for the most effective diagnoses and treatments of benign prostatic hyperplasia based on patient preference and clinical need. Methods : For this research project, extensive literature searches (208 articles) were conducted. As well, critical reviews and syntheses (meta-analysis) were used to evaluate empirical evidence and significant outcomes of the BPH literature. Questionnaires about clinical practice for BPH patients were distributed and consensus meetings were undertaken to grasp variations in clinical practice and to reach agreement on the guideline's development. The guideline was promoted under the sponsorship of the Korean Medical Association and the Korean urological Cancer. Society. For the task, the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Guideline Panel was composed of multidisciplinary experts in the field. Results : BPH is a disease that affects a patient's quality of life. This Clinical Practice Guideline was developed for the typical man over age 50 with symptoms of prostatism, but with no significant medical morbidities such as diabetes or other known causes of voiding dysfunction, such as urethral stricture or neurogenic bladder. The guidelines detail the relative benefits and obstacles associated with all diagnostic and treatment approaches, including watchful waiting. Conclusion : This guideline provides a cornerstone for our medical association. It represents the most current scientific knowledge regarding the development, diagnosis, and treatment of BPH. It will be revised and updated as needed.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.103-121
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• 2017

The domestic ESCO project was introduced in 1992 as one of the energy efficiency improvement programs. In recent energy market, the changes in the market conditions such as smart grid, renewable energy, and the importance of demand response became important issues. As the diversified business models are required, examples of overseas exercises are examined. Business areas in Europe or the US where the ESCO industry has been active include measures to improve the efficiency of energy facilities in all areas, ranging from energy supply facilities and energy services to end users. This type of ESCO overseas business model can be classified into various types such as project execution method, supplier demand management, financing method, climate change and emission rights, new and renewable energy, and other criteria. In this study, we propose to adopt IEC (Integrated Energy Contracting) contract method in domestic ESCO market for additional business models. Current convention of listing the specific individual business types being allowed by regulation turned out to be obstacles to the revitalization of the related market. In order to achieve the goal of energy conservation, it is recommended, instead, to revise the current funding guidelines to be a negative system.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2006

In Korea, about 8.3% over aged 65 are suffering from Alzheimer's disease or other type of dementia. Among dementia-related behaviors, wandering is the one of strongest factors on burden and stress of caregivers. On Lee and Kwon's report with community living persons with dementia, upto 85% of caregivers reported wandering as a problem. Wandering is a frequently encountered problem in communities and long-term care facilities, but it is among least understood dementia. related behavior. Despite the prevalence of wandering, its significant adverse outcomes, and the increase in persons with dementia in Korea, no systematic research has been conducted in Korea. The purpose of this study is to review on literature related to wandering behavior among persons with dementia. The specific topics related to wandering are included: definition, the prevalence of dementia and wandering behavior, the influencing factor on wandering, outcomes of wandering behavior, and the measurement method. Wandering is defined as "aimless walking" and "Meandering, aimless or repetitive locomotion that exposes one to harm and is incongruent with boundaries, limits, or obstacles". Wandering is viewed as a problematic behavior, however, it has to be understood as need-driven compromised behavior. For example, wandering may be an expression of searching for familiar person and/or place. Recently, in Korea, there is an effort for establishing the therapeutic environment for elders who are wanderers in long-term-care facilities. Cognitive impairment of persons with dementia is found to be a consistent factor on wandering behavior through many national and international studies. The adverse outcomes of wandering are serious problem in persons with dementia as well as their caregivers. The adverse outcomes include falls, fractures, getting lost, use of restraints, or even death. In fact, wandering is one of the major reasons for a patient to be institutionalized. For measurement of wandering behavior, two methods are broadly used: observation using stop watch, and survey form. A revised instrument of the Korean version of Algase wandering scale (K_RAWS) is established the psychometric properties (Son, Song, & Lim, 2006) demonstrating valid and reliable instrument in measuring wandering behavior among persons with dementia who are residing in communities. K_RAWS has a 39 items with six subscales including persistent walking, repetitive walking, spatial disorientation, eloping behavior, negative outcome, and mealtime impulsivity. In conclusion, studies including the prevalence of wandering behavior and predictive factors on wandering should be conducted to understand wandering clearly before developing any types of intervention.