• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.33-52
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• 2017

This article tried to describe the laws concerning the enforcement of foreign arbitration awards in Indonesia. This issue is relevant in the light of frequent curiosity of foreign commentators, business communities, practicing lawyers, concerning the arbitration in Indonesia, in particular its enforcement of foreign arbitration awards. The main laws on arbitration analyzed were, firstly, the Indonesian law on arbitration, namely Law No 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution and the Presidential Regulation No 34 of 1981 concerning the Ratification of the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958. The provisions of Law of 1999 analyzed were confined to its international provisions on arbitration, in particular the requirements for the enforcement of foreign arbitration awards and also the requirement that the awards do not violate Indonesian public policy. The problem with the Indonesian arbitration law (and the courts' practice) were that no provisions which provided guidance or meaning with regard to public policy. The absence or lack of guidance or definition on public policy had some times confused lawyers or the parties in dispute fearing that their arbitration awards would not be enforced due to the violation of public policy. Secondly was the different opinion of two Indonesian arbitration experts, Prof. Sudargo Gautama and Prof. Priyatna Abdurrasyid. Both scholars had rather different opinions with regard to the meaning of public policy in Indonesia. Thirdly was a recent case law, Astro Nusantara Bv et.al., vs PT Ayunda Primamitra Case (2010) decided by the Indonesian Supreme Court with regard to the enforcement of foreign arbitration awards. This article concluded that the Indonesian court, in particular the Central of Jakarta Court, so far have given its support that the execution of foreign awards was duly enforced.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.30-45
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• 2022

This study explored the issues of industrial mathematics in online news articles and online forums in Korea and the US by using text mining and compared the results. Text data about industrial mathematics were collected from news articles of Naver, a major portal site, and postings and replies on Clien as resources of Korea, and from news articles by the New York Times and CNN as well as postings and replies on Reddit as resources of the US. Structural topic modeling analyses were performed, the major results of which were as follows. First, news articles in Korea mainly dealt with the necessity of industrial mathematics and government support. On the contrary, the news articles in the US focused more on various fields where industrial mathematics fields were utilized. Second, in Korea, the same number of issues with different topics were discussed in news articles and online forums, whereas in the US more issues were covered in news articles than in online forums. It was suggested academic implications for researchers and practical implications for the government for settling industrial mathematics in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.745-750
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• 1998

A sensitive and rapid enzyme immunoassay(EIA) to detect Escherichia coli O157 in ground beef was developed by using a sandwich type assay with polyclonal antibodies to E coli O157. E coli O157 in ground beef could be detected within 15hr, including incubation for 12hr in enrichment broth and 3hr in immunoassay. The EIA could detect $1.3{\times}10^5$ cells of E coli O157/g of ground beef without enrichment. The lowest limit of detection was 0.23 E coli O157 per g of meat after enrichment. Confirmation was required in the positive specimens in the EIA by culture method even though the negative specimens were not. These results suggested that the immunoassay could be a very efficient method for the screening E coli O157 in meat.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.40
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• pp.55-81
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• 2015

Animation as a public visuals media have been expanding increasingly its social and cultural influences beyond the ages and nations on the basis of global consumption. However, animation increases the negative impact in modern popular culture, and in regard to this, 'the recovery of ethics' should be considered in a reflexive and educational perspectives for the social role of animation. Thus, the research addresses the animation films of Brigham Young University students which contain a ethical values and receive attention by New York Times, etc. as a successful educational model. To do this, firstly, literature has reviewed by focusing on the negative impact of animation, 1) violence, 2) excessive sensationalism, 3) confusion of cultural identity, 4) gender discrimination, and 5) distorted view of history. Secondly, the education system of animation course at Brigham Young University will be analysed. Thirdly, based on this, the case study will be conducted by focusing on the 13 animation films of students to reveal the characteristics of the way of film direction. Through this research, firstly, most of animation films are comic genre, consisting of children and animal characters, family-friendly and lyrical story style and deployment of coincidental and allegoric incident. Thirdly, the religious spirit and multidisciplinary methods of education in Brigham Young University has influenced to the ethical expression and technical perfection in animation filmmaking. In the light of this, the research and suggests the new paradigm is for the practical disciplines of animation in the restoration of the ethical perspective and explores how the animation production adopts the moral significance.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.33-58
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• 2015

Arbitration clauses or institutional arbitration rules rarely, if ever, specify the law applicable to the arbitration agreement. A wide range of laws may thus govern this question, such as the law at the place of arbitration, the law where the agreement or the award is enforced or the law of the main contract between the parties. It is also conceivable that international uniform law or soft law may play a role. Tribunals and courts seized with this question must consequently decide which of these various laws shall apply to verify the existence and validity of the arbitration agreement. This paper picks up on this controversially debated conflict of laws issue. At times, this debate is characterized by a strong divide between arbitration and international trade law practitioners. But are the different approaches really leading to diverging results in arbitral practice?

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.691-708
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to find the methodology of design plan that could raise the brand power by looking around the driving force of the design innovation through the case study of Louis Vuitton which has been evaluated to be successful in brand revolution by designer Marc Jacobs. Research methods were theoretical studies looking for various analysis and valuations about Louis Vuitton's design innovation and analysis about articles in International Herald Tribune and New York Times. Driving force of Louis Vuitton's design innovation could be summarized as designer's creativity and full supports for designers, establishment of BI by strategic cooperation between design and marketing parts, active design plans by collaboration with modern artists, existence of Logo as a symbol of brand, business mind pursuing adventures and dreams, and directors' artistic sensitivity and supports for culture and art.

• IE interfaces
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2007

Portfolio management deals with decision making on 'when' and 'how' to revise an existing portfolio. In this paper, we show that a classical statistical process control (SPC) chart for normal data, a wellestablished tool in quality engineering, can effectively be used for signaling times for revising a portfolio. Noting that the day-to-day performance of a portfolio may be auto-correlated, we use the exponentially weighted moving average center-line chart to develop an automatic portfolio management procedure. The portfolio management procedure is extensively tested on historical data of equities traded in the Korea Exchange (KRX), the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). In comparison with the performances of the KOSPI, XAX, and NYA indices during the same time periods, results from these experiments show that SPC chart-based portfolio revision presents itself a convenient and reliable method for optimally managing portfolios.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 1999

본 연구의 목적은 두 종류의 다른 연구자료- 유물과 문헌자료를 이용하여 1950년대 초기에 유행하였던 미국여성복식 가운데 쉬스 드레스(sheath dress)의 디자인 특징을 고찰하는 데에 있다. 본 연구의 일차자료로는 하와이대학교(University of Hawaii)의 The Western Costume Collection에 소장된 1950년대 초기의 복식으로 추측되는 유물과 1950년부터 1955년 사이에 출판된 Vogue, Harper's Bazaar, New York Times Magazine을 문헌자료로 이용하였다. 연구결과, 1950년대 초기의 미국 여성복 디자인의 특징은 여성의 신체적 특징을 강조하며 여성스러움의 미를 극단적으로 추구하는 쉬스 드레스(sheath dress)의 ‘the straight and slender look’으로 요약될 수 있었다. 나아가 문헌분석을 통하여 본 연구의 유물자료가 50년대 초기(1950-1954)의 미국여성복식 디자인의 특징을 보여주는 대표적인 이 시기의 복식유물로 그 사용연대가 확증되었다. 본 연구는 지금까지 주로 문헌자료의 분석만으로 한정되어 왔던 한국의 전형적인 서양복식연구에서 한 걸음 나아가 과거에 실제로 입혀졌던 복식에 대한 이해를 확장하기 위한 또 하나의 연구방법으로 문헌분석과 유물분석(object study)을 병행하여 시도해 보았다는 데에 그 의의가 있다.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.18
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• pp.165-198
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• 2002

By comparing and analyzing the September 11 terror attack news reports on the daily papers in the U.S., Korea, and China, this research found that national ideology and international relationship concerned have affected news report frames about international dispute matters. Both quantitative and qualitative researches identify differences in news framing. For example, after the September 11 terror attack, the most pages of the USs The New York Times and Korean Chosunilbo were covered with related articles(382 and 192 reports, respectively), whereas Chinese Inminilbo cur down to only 32 reports about the issue. Also in content, both The New York Times and Chosunilbo viewed the September 11 terror attack as evil acts which threatened world peace and justified military action against Afghanistan as inevitable revenge and justice for such evil acts, in the point of the USs official view. However, Inminilbo gave out news only based on facts in a neutral viewpoint. Moreover, regarding American military intervention, the Chinese newspapers held very different news frame from the other two by describing considerable sacrifice and pain of innocent people of Afghanistan seriously. For the story composition, daily newspapers in all three countries took the same way to report focusing on specific events with episodes.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.349-359
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• 2002

With Ni/Au and Pd/Au metal schemes and low temperature processing, we formed low resistance stable Ohmic contacts to p-type GaN. Our investigation was preceded by conventional cleaning, followed by treatment in boiling $HNO_3$:HCl (1:3). Metallization was by thermally evaporating 30 nm Ni/15 nm Au or 25 nm Pd/15 nm Au. After heat treatment in $O_2$ + $N_2$ at various temperatures, the contacts were subsequently cooled in liquid nitrogen. Cryogenic cooling following heat treatment at $600^{\circ}C$ decreased the specific contact resistance from $9.84{\times}10^{-4}$ ${\Omega}cm^2$ to $2.65{\times}10^{-4}$ ${\Omega}cm^2$ for the Ni/Au contacts, while this increased it from $1.80{\times}10^{-4}$ ${\Omega}cm^2$ to $3.34{\times}10^{-4}$ ${\Omega}cm^2$ for the Pd/Au contacts. The Ni/Au contacts showed slightly higher specific contact resistance than the Pd/Au contacts, although they were more stable than the Pd contacts. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling showed the Ni contacts to be NiO followed by Au at the interface for the Ni/Au contacts, whereas the Pd/Au contacts exhibited a Pd:Au solid solution. The contacts quenched in liquid nitrogen following sintering were much more uniform under atomic force microscopy examination and gave a 3 times lower contact resistance with the Ni/Au design. Current-voltage-temperature analysis revealed that conduction was predominantly by thermionic field emission.